Made by

Mohamed Hamy
Moaaz Mohamed

1- Pectoralis Major :-
Origin: medial half of clavicle – first 6 ribs (sternocostal)
Insertion: lateral lip of intertubercle groove of humerus
N. supply: lateral & medial pectoral nerve
Action: shoulder flexion, adduction and medial rotation

2- Pectoralis Minor :-
Origin: 3, 4, 5 ribs
Insertion: coracoid of the scapula (near the tip)
N. supply: medial pectoral nerve
Action: protraction of the scapula

3- Serratus Anterior :-
Origin: upper 8 ribs
Insertion: medial border of anterior surface of scapula
N. supply: long thoracic nerve
Action: protraction of scapula – abduction +90

4- Subclavius Muscle :-
Origin: 1st rib (costochondral junction)
Insertion: subclavian groove
N. supply: nerve to subclavius
Action: stabilization of clavicle
1- Subscapularis :-
Origin: subscapular fossa
Insertion: lesser tubercle

N. supply: upper & lower subscapular nerve

Action: adduction – medial rotation

2- Supraspinatus :-
Origin: supraspinous fossa
Insertion: (upper part) of greater tubercle
N. supply: suprascapular nerve
Action: abduction 0-15

3- Infraspinatus :-
Origin: infraspinous fossa
Insertion: (middle part) of greater tubercle
N. supply: suprascapular nerve

Action: lateral rotation

4- Teres Minor :-
Origin: 2/3 of lateral border of scapula
Insertion: (lower part) of greater tubercle
N. supply: axillary nerve
Action: adduction – lateral rotation
5- Teres Major :-
Origin: lower part of lateral border of scapula

Insertion: medial lip of intertubercle groove

N. supply: lower subscapular nerve
Action: medial rotation – adduction – extension

6- Deltoid :-
Origin:
- Anterior part: lateral border of clavicle
- Middle part: lateral part of acromion
- Posterior part: lower lip of spine
Insertion: deltoid tubercle of humerus
N. supply: axillary nerve
Action:
- Anterior part: flexion – medial rotation
- Middle part: abduction 15-90
- Posterior part: extension – lateral rotation

# Shoulder joint is the most flexible joint in human body

The rotator cu muscles include :-
1) Subscapularis
2) Supraspinatus
3) Infraspinatus
4) Teres minor
# The rotator cu muscles form a cu around the humerus head, which
keep the head of the humerus within the glenoid cavity and stabilize the
shoulder joint, and give the glenohumeral joint flexibility and strength

1- Coracobrachialis :-
Origin: tip of coracoid process
Insertion: medial border of middle humerus
N. supply: musculocutaneous nerve
Action: flexion – adduction of shoulder

2- Biceps brachii :-
Origin:
- Long head: supraglenoid tubercle
- Short head: tip of coracoid process
Insertion: radial tubercle – bicipital aponeurosis
N. supply: musculocutaneous nerve
Action: powerful supination – elbow flexion

3- Brachialis :-
Origin: anterior lower ½ of the humerus
Insertion: coronoid process of ulna
N. supply: musculocutaneous nerve – radial nerve

Action: main flexor of elbow joint

4- Triceps :-
Origin:
- Long head: infraglenoid tubercle
- lateral head: superior to radial groove
- Medial head: inferior to radial groove
Insertion: upper part olecranon process of ulna
N. supply: radial nerve
Action: elbow extension

# The forearm has anterior compartment (flexors) and posterior

compartment (extensors).
The anterior compartment divided into :-
1) Superficial muscles ------> 5 muscles
2) Deep muscles ------> 3 muscles

The posterior compartment divided into :-

1) Superficial muscles ------> 7 muscles
2) Deep muscles ------> 5 muscles
 Superficial muscles of anterior forearm

1- Pronator Teres :-
Origin:
- Humeral head: medial epicondyle – supracondylar ridge
- Ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna
Insertion: middle of the lateral border of radius
N. supply: median nerve
Action: elbow flexion pronation

2- Flexor Carpi Radialis :-

Origin: medial epicondyle
Insertion: 2nd & 3rd metacarpal bones
N. supply: median nerve

Action: flexion & abduction of wrist

3- Flexor Carpi Ulnaris :-

Origin:
- Humeral head: medial epicondyle
- Ulnar head: posterior border & olecranon of ulan
Insertion: 5th metacarpal bone – pisiform & hamate

N. supply: ulnar nerve

Action: flexion & adduction of wrist
4- Palmaris Longus :-
Origin: medial epicondyle

Insertion: palmar aponeurosis

N. supply: median nerve
Action: wrist & metacarpophalangeal joint flexion

5- Flexor Digitorum Superficialis :-

Origin:
- Humeroulnar head: medial epicondyle – coronoid process
- Radial head: superior 1/3 of anterior border of radius
Insertion: middle phalanges of the medial 4 fingers

N. supply: median nerve

Action: flexion of wrist & medial 4 finger except the distal ones
 Deep muscles of anterior forearm

1- Pronator Quadratus :-
Origin: lower 1/4 of anterior surface of ulna
Insertion: lower 1/4 of anterior surface of radius
N. supply: anterior interosseous
Action: pronation – fixation of radius & ulna

2- Flexor Digitorum Profundus :-

Origin: anterior & medial part of ulna
Insertion: distal phalanges of medial 4 fingers
N. supply: anterior interosseous – ulnar nerve
Action: flexion of wrist & the medial 4 fingers

3- Flexor Pollicis Longus :-

Origin: anterior upper 2/3 of radius
Insertion: distal phalanx of the thumb
N. supply: anterior interosseous
Action: flexion of wrist & the thumb
 Superficial muscles of posterior forearm
1- Brachioradialis :-
Origin: upper 2/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge

Insertion: lateral surface of lower end of radius

N. supply: radial nerve
Action: mid-pronation & elbow flexion

2- Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus :-

Origin: lower 1/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge
Insertion: back of 2nd metacarpal bone
N. supply: radial nerve
Action: extension & abduction of wrist

3- Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis :-

Origin: lateral epicondyle
Insertion: back of 3rd metacarpal bone
N. supply: posterior interosseous
Action: extension & abduction of wrist

4- Extensor Carpi Ulnaris :-

Origin: lateral epicondyle

Insertion: back of 5th metacarpal bone

N. supply: posterior interosseous
Action: extension & adduction of wrist
5- Extensor Digitorum :-
Origin: lateral epicondyle

Insertion: middle & distal phalanges of medial 4 fingers

N. supply: posterior interosseous
Action: extension of wrist & medial 4 fingers

6- Extensor Digiti Minimi :-

Origin: lateral epicondyle
Insertion: distal phalanx of 5th digit
N. supply: posterior interosseous
Action: extension of the little finger

7- Anconeus :-
Origin: lateral epicondyle
Insertion: upper part of ulna
N. supply: radial nerve

Action: extension of elbow

 Deep muscles of posterior forearm

1- Supinator :-
Origin:
- Superficial head: lateral epicondyle
- Deep head: supinator fossa & crest
Insertion: upper 1/3 of radius
N. supply: posterior interosseous
Action: supination – elbow flexion

2- Abductor Pollicis Longus :-

Origin:
- upper part of posterior surface of ulna & radius
- interosseous membrane
Insertion: lateral side of 1st metacarpal bone
N. supply: posterior interosseous
Action: wrist and thumb abduction

3- Extensor Pollicis Longus :-

Origin: middle 1/3 of posterior surface of ulna

Insertion: back of distal phalanx of thumb

N. supply: posterior interosseous
Action: wrist & thumb extension
4- Extensor Pollicis Brevis :-
Origin: middle 1/3 of posterior surface of radius

Insertion: back of distal phalanx of thumb

N. supply: posterior interosseous
Action: extension of wrist & thumb except distal phalanx

5- Extensor Indicis :-
Origin:
- lower part of back of the ulna
- interosseous membrane
Insertion: extensor expansion of index finger
N. supply: posterior interosseous
Action: index finger extension
 ‫فيديوهات توضيحية‬
Pectoralis major

https://youtu.be/1A1jXzv7GG8?si=u-noQO6FgUzs4eig

Pectoralis major & minor

https://youtu.be/nhkHnwf4bjc?si=hfs7_ihpWQjCZr8q

Serratus anterior

https://youtu.be/kTxqYkDdle4?si=AakUBtIT3T8-XOGX

Subscapularis

https://youtu.be/_NvVjLUL3F4?si=zuG-YPOLLP_YJges

Supraspinatus

https://youtube.com/shorts/OHRUfPjpvgk?si=Vi6tiCCmfzClMa9W

Infraspinatus

https://youtu.be/rdwyUrDQoUg?si=s6fyCFSTyORIsIWe

Teres minor

https://youtu.be/W8-qNHh6tfc?si=QvGDjRBb-r0EeXgH

Teres major

https://youtu.be/1Z-A-Cqsw54?si=BXUf0VHdmw9ktLRt

Deltoid

https://youtu.be/FSSGkYrYwqM?si=9Rq4Wb1yvMZyyd3H
Rotator cu

https://youtu.be/laaMvT8FloI?si=14acZksBy8XkEHQh

Coracobrachialis

https://youtu.be/aIMxxoqaJGw?si=aXiuUufLJDidzGiV

Branchials

https://youtu.be/VhTBJeIRPl4?si=WsEJgU35bDYCI1ZY

Biceps

https://youtu.be/v0GJltQp6R0?si=bYUMGog0XbqTRROV

Triceps

https://youtu.be/R-TxrDzYSdM?si=p_wqXUbtU9_M7KFp

Anterior compartment of the forearm

https://www.kenhub.com/en/study/forearm-flexor-muscles

Posterior compartment of the forearm

https://www.kenhub.com/en/study/forearm-extensor-muscles