Classes & Objects nnOnOOPs Concept * Object-oriented programming — As the name suggests uses objects in programming. * Object-oriented programming aims to implement real- world entities like inheritance, hiding, polymorphism, etc. in programming. * The main aim of OOP is to bind together the data and the functions that operate on them so that no other part of the code can access this data except that function. nneoClasses Class in C++ is the building block that leads to object oriented programming * Class is a user defined data type, which holds its own data members and member functions, which can be accessed and used by creating an instance of that class, * Data members are the data variables and member functions are the functions used to manipulate these variables together, these data members and member functions define the properties and behavior of the objects in a Class nneoExploring CLASS * A C++ class is like a blueprint for an object. Let us consider an example class MOBILE. Tira | (Cle) q Ceti co q% yy 1 "he! nneoFeatures =a lume | | set | waa -- -~ (mm) pan ) Ce W oscar: TF susore _ :f en ——— Oy nneoClass & Objects is defined, * An Object is an instance of a Class. When a clas: no memory is allocated but when it is instantiated (i.e. an object is created) memory is allocated * Here, consider Object as the “key” for accessing anything inside a classroom like chair, projector (data members) and accessing functions inside the classroom like watching lectures, taking a seminar ete. VS neoDefining class and Declaring objects * Acclass is defined in C+ using the keyword class followed by the name of the class. * The body of the class is defined inside the curly brackets and terminated by a semicolon at the end. keyword userdetined name lean be private public or prot [I] Naribles tobe used (0 [1ethods to access data members 1) Class name ends with 2 semicolon nnecoDeclaring objects * When a class is defined, only the specification for the object is defined; no memory or storage is allocated. To use the data and access functions defined in the class, you need to create objects. Torre rw strato Classes & Objects * Syntax |=Class Box bi| [pox b2) [Box b3|<~ Objects neovos (class)Accessing Data Members and Member Function * Accessing data members and member functions: The data members and member functions of the class can be accessed using the dot(*.’) operator with the object. + For example, if the name of the object is obj and you want to access the member function with the name printName() then you will have to write obj.printName() neoAccessing Data Members The public data members are also accessed in the same way given however the private data members are not allowed to be accessed directly by the object. Accessing a data member depends solely on the access control of that data member. This access control is given by Access modifiers in C++. There are three access modifiers: public, private, and protected OnExample Program using Public Output Pee) iG Coenen eet amneoExample Programs using Private Pereenntt Output aoe} Perel tees cout << "Area > main) ceanen ese arcenExample Program using Protected ara mneoRecall OOPs Concept Class & Objects Accessing Data members Accessing member function Access specifiers neo