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 EXCEL VBA Programming By
Examples
P rogramming F or C omplete B eginners , S tep -B y -S tep
I llustrated G uide to M astering E xcel VBA

thanh tran
Copyright © 2019 by Thanh Tran
Table of Contents

Chapter 1. Create a Macro

Chapter 2. MsgBox
Chapter 3. Workbook and Worksheet Object
Chapter 4. Range Object
Chapter 5. Variables
Chapter 6. If Then Statement
Chapter 7. Loop
Chapter 8. Macro Errors
Chapter 9. String Manipulation
Chapter 10. Date and Time
Chapter 11. Events
Chapter 12. Array
Chapter 13. Function and Sub
Chapter 14. Application Object
Chapter 15. ActiveX Controls
Chapter 16. Userform
Chapter 1. Create a Macro
Swap Values, Run Code from a Module, Macro Recorder, Use Relative
References, FormulaR1C1, Add a Macro to the Toolbar, Macro
Security, Protect Macro.
Swap Values
This example teaches you how to swap two values in Excel VBA. You will often
need this structure in more complicated programs as we will see later.
Situation:
Two values on your worksheet.

Place a command button on your worksheet and add the following code lines:
1. First, we declare a variable called temp of type Double.
Dim temp As Double
2. We initialize the variable temp with the value of cell A1.
temp = Range("A1").Value
3. Now we can safely write the value of cell B1 to cell A1 (we have stored the
value of cell A1 to temp so we will not lose it).
Range("A1").Value = Range("B1").Value
4. Finally, we write the value of cell A1 (written to temp) to cell B1.
Range("B1").Value = temp
5. Click the command button two times.
Result:
Run Code from a Module
As a beginner to Excel VBA, you might find it difficult to decide
where to put your VBA code. The Create a Macrochapter illustrates
how to run code by clicking on a command button. This example
teaches you how to run code from a module.
1. Open the Visual Basic Editor.
2. Click Insert, Module.

3. Create a procedure (macro) called Cyan.

Sub Cyan()

End Sub
Note: a procedure is either a sub or a function. Learn more
about functions and subs here, if you like.
4. The sub changes the background color of your worksheet to cyan.
To achieve this, add the following code line.
Cells.Interior.ColorIndex = 28
Note: instead of ColorIndex number 28 (cyan), you can use any
ColorIndex number.
To run the procedure, execute the following steps.
5. Click Macros.

6. Select Cyan and click Run.

Result:
Note: code placed into a module is available to the whole workbook.
That means, you can select Sheet2 or Sheet3 and change the
background color of these sheets as well. The Add a Macro to the
Toolbar program illustrates how to make a macro available to all
your workbooks (Excel files). Remember, code placed on a sheet
(assigned to a command button) is only available for that particular
sheet.
Macro Recorder
he Macro Recorder, a very useful tool included in Excel VBA,
records every task you perform with Excel. All you have to do is
record a specific task once. Next, you can execute the task over and
over with the click of a button. The Macro Recorder is also a great
help when you don't know how to program a specific task in Excel
VBA. Simply open the Visual Basic Editor after recording the task to
see how it can be programmed.
Unfortunately, there are a lot of things you cannot do with the Macro
Recorder. For example, you cannot loop through a range of data with
the Macro Recorder. Moreover, the Macro Recorder uses a lot more
code than is required, which can slow your process down.

Record a Macro
1. On the Developer tab, click Record Macro.

2. Enter a name.
3. Select This Workbook from the drop-down list. As a result, the
macro will only be available in the current workbook.
Note: if you store your macro in Personal Macro Workbook, the
macro will be available to all your workbooks (Excel files). This is
possible because Excel stores your macro in a hidden workbook that
opens automatically when Excel starts. If you store your macro in
New Workbook, the macro will only be available in an automatically
new opened workbook.
4. Click OK.
5. Right mouse click on the active cell (selected cell). Be sure not to
select any other cell! Next, click Format Cells.
6. Select Percentage.
7. Click OK.
8. Finally, click Stop Recording.

Congratulations. You've just recorded a macro with the Macro

Recorder!
Run a Recorded Macro
Now we'll test the macro to see if it can change the number format
to Percentage.
1. Enter some numbers between 0 and 1.
2. Select the numbers.

3. On the Developer tab, click Macros.

4. Click Run.

Result:
See the Macro
To take a look at the macro, open the Visual Basic Editor.

Note: the macro has been placed into a module called Module1.
Code placed into a module is available to the whole workbook. That
means, you can select Sheet2 or Sheet3 and change the number
format of cells on these sheets as well. Remember, code placed on a
sheet (assigned to a command button) is only available for that
particular sheet.
Use Relative References
By default, Excel records macros in absolute mode. However,
sometimes it is useful to record macros in relative mode. This
program teaches you how to do this. If you don't know how
to record a macro, we highly recommend you to read this example
first.

Recording in Absolute Mode

To record a macro in absolute mode, execute the following steps.
1. First, click Record Macro.
2. Next, select cell B3. Type Sales and press enter.
3. Type Production and press enter.
4. Type Logistics and press enter.
Result:

5. Click Stop Recording.

6. Empty Range("B3:B5").
7. Select any cell on the sheet and run the recorded macro.
Result:

A macro recorded in absolute mode always produces the same

result.

Recording in Relative Mode

Wouldn't it be nice to place these words anywhere on the sheet
automatically? Not just Range("B3:B5"). This would make the macro
much more flexible. Solution: record the macro in relative mode.
1. Select "Use Relative References".
2. First, select any single cell (for example, cell B8).
3. Next, click Record Macro.
4. Type Sales and press enter.
5. Type Production and press enter.
6. Type Logistics and press enter.
Result:

7. Click Stop Recording.

8. Select any other cell (for example, cell D4) and run the recorded
macro.
Result:
Excel places the words relative to the initial selected cell. That's why
it's called recording in relative mode.
FormulaR1C1
This example illustrates the difference
between A1, R1C1 and R[1]C[1] style in Excel VBA.
1. Place a command button on your worksheet and add the following
code line (A1 style):
Range("D4").Formula = "=B3*10"
Result:

2. Add the following code line (R1C1 style):

Range("D4").FormulaR1C1 = "=R3C2*10"
Result:

Explanation: cell D4 references cell B3 (row 3, column 2). This is an

absolute reference ($ symbol in front of the row number and column
letter).
3. Add the following code line (R[1]C[1] style):
Range("D4").FormulaR1C1 = "=R[-1]C[-2]*10"
Result:
Explanation: cell D4 references cell B3 (one row above and 2
columns to the left). This is a relative reference. This code line gives
the exact same result as the code line used at step 1.
4. Why learning about this? Because the Macro Recorder uses the
FormulaR1C1 property (R[1]C[1] style). The Macro Recorder creates
the following code lines if you enter the formula =B3*10 into cell D4.

Explanation: you can see that this is the exact same code line used
at step 3.
Add a Macro to the Toolbar
If you use an Excel macro frequently, you can add it to the Quick
Access Toolbar. This way you can quickly access your macro. First,
we record an empty macro.
1. On the Developer tab, click Record Macro.

2. Name the macro MyName. Choose to store the macro in Personal

Macro Workbook. This way the macro will be available to all your
workbooks (Excel files). This is possible because Excel stores your
macro in a hidden workbook that opens automatically when Excel
starts.
3. Click Stop Recording.

4. Open the Visual Basic Editor.

5. Create the macro:
This macro places your name in the Active Cell.
6. Now we can add this macro to the Quick Access Toolbar. Right
click the Quick Access Toolbar and select Customize Quick Access
Toolbar.

7. Under Choose commands, select Macros.

8. Select the macro and click Add.
9. You can modify the button that will be added to the Quick Access
Toolbar by clicking on Modify. For example, choose a smiley.
10. Click OK.
11. You can now execute the macro by clicking on the smiley button
added to the Quick Access Toolbar.
Result:
Exploring the Variety of Random
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