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PHYSISC PROJECT SELF INDUCTANCE PART-2

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10 views

PHYSISC PROJECT SELF INDUCTANCE PART-2

Uploaded by

cbrameshoffi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHYSICS PROJECT

SELF INDUCTANCE OF A COIL IN SERIES


WITH A RESISTOR / BULB IN AC SOURCE
INDEX
S.NO CONTENT PG.NO

1. INTRODUCTION 1

2. APPARATUS 2

3. THEORY OF SELF-INDUCTANCE
3

4. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 5

5. PROCEDURE 6

6. OBSERVATIONS 7

7. CONCLUSIONS 11
8. BIBLIOGRAPHY 12
Introduction:
 Overview of the Project:

 This investigatory project aim to explore the


concept of self-inductance of a coil and how it is
affected by being put in series with a resistor / bulb
in a circuit led by an adjustable frequency of AC
source.
 This project will move in theoretical research as well
as practical experiment to observe and analyze the
behavior of the circuit under different conditions.

 Purpose and Significance:

 The study of inductance is important in


understanding the behavior of electrical route
and can have practical applications in fields
such as telecommunications and power
generation.
 Through this project, we hope to gain a deeper
understanding of this concept and its
applications.

1
APPARATUS:

1. A coil of large turns


2. An A.C source of adjustable
frequency
3. An electrical bulb
4. Resistor
5. Rheostat
6. Ammeter
7. A soft iron rod
8. A one way key
9. Connecting wires
10. A note and a pen

2
Theory of Self –Inductance:

1. When a current flows through a coll, it creates a magnetic


field around the coil. This magnetic field induces a voltage
in the coil itself, known as a selfinduced EMF. The
magnitude of this EMF is proportional to the rate of
change of the current flowing through the coil, and is given
by Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction as
EMF=-L(dl/dt)
where EMF is the induced voltage, L is the selfinductance
of the coil, and dl/dt is the rate of change of current.

2. Self Inductance can be affected by the presence of other


components in a circuit, such as resistors or bulbs. When a
coil is placed in series with a resistor or bulb, the self-
induced EMF is opposed by the voltage drop across the
resistor or bulb, which reduces the rate of change of
current and hence the magnitude of the induced EMF. This
effect in known as inductive reactance, and is given by
XL=2𝝅fL
where ,

1. XL is the inductive reactance


2. f is the frequency of the AC source
3. L is the selfinductance of the coil.

3
3. The self inductance of a long solenoid is given by
L=𝝁o𝝁rN²A/l
Where 𝝁r= Relative magnetic permeability of magnetic
material
𝝁r=𝝁/𝝁o
N=Total no of turns in solenoid
A=Area of cross section
l=Length of solenoid

4. Hence, the self inductance depends upon


1. No. of turns (N), L α N²
2. Geometry of coil, L α A, L α ¹/ l
3. Nature of core material, L α 𝝁

5. When an inductor is connected in series with a resistor


(bulb) with a variable source of frequency, then current
flowing in the bulb is
Irms =Erms / Ꮓ
Where ,
Z=√(R²+w²1²) =Impedance of the a.c. circuit.
R = Resistance of the bulb
L = Self inductance of coil
W=2πf = Angular frequency of a.c. source.

4
INVESTIGATING SELF-INDUCTANCE OF A COIL

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

5
PROCEDURE:

1. Make all connections as shown in the circuit diagram.

2. Switch on the A.C supply & adjust the current in the circuit
by using the variable resistor (R).

3. Record the current shown in A.C ammeter & see the


brightness of bulb.

4. Now, put the soft iron rod inside the conductor core &
record the current shown in A.C ammeter & again check the
brightness of bulb.

5. Now, switch off the supply & decrease the frequency of


A.C source To 50 Hz.

6. Again switch on the supply & adjust the current in the


circuit at the same constant voltage 6V by using the rheostat.
Note the current in ammeter & brightness of bulb.

7. Again insert the iron rod in the core of coil & note the
current & brightness.

8. Repeat the steps 5, 6 and 7 for different frequency of A.C


source.

6
OBSERVATIONS:

1. The brightness and current in the bulb after inserting the


soft iron rod decreases.

2. After decreasing the frequency to 50Hz, when the switch


is on the current and brightness both has increased

3. Again after inserting the iron rod after decreasing the


frequency to 50Hz, the current and brightness both
decreases.

4. Least count of ammeter=0.05A

5. Zero error of ammeter=0A

6. Range of ammeter=0-5A.

S.NO
Frequency of applied Current in ammeter Current in ammeter
voltage(Hz) without iron rod in with iron rod in coil (A)
coil(A)

1. 60 2 1.8
2. 50 2.5 2.3
3. 40 2.9 2.6
4. 30 3.4 3.25
5. 20 4.1 4

7
8
SERIES CIRCUIT WITH RESISTOR:

 As the frequency of the AC source was


increased, the voltage across the resistor
decreased while the voltage across the coil
increased.

 This indicates that the self- inductance of the


coil was increasing with frequency

SERIES CIRCUIT WITH BULBS:

 The bulb in the circuit with the coil showed a


decrease in brightness as the frequency of the
AC source was increased.

 This indicates that the self-inductance of the


coil was increasing with frequency and causing a
reduction in the current through the bulb.

9
RELATIONSHIP B/W SELF INDUCTANCE
& FREQUENCY:

•From the experimental data, it is clear that the


selfinductance of the coil changes with frequency.

• As the frequency increases, the self-inductance decreases.

• This is due to the fact that at higher frequencies, the


current passing through the coil changes more rapidly,
resulting in a weaker magnetic field and thus lower self-
inductance

10
PRECAUTIONS:

1. The coil should have large number of turns.

2. Current should be passed for a small time to avoid the


heating effect.

SOURCES OF ERROR:

1. The resistance of circuit may increase slightly due to


heating effect of current.

2. There may be eddy current in soft iron coil

11
CONCLUSION:

•Through this investigatory project, we were able to


gain a deeper understanding of the concept of self-
inductance and how it is affected by being put in series
with a resistor or bulb in a circuit fed by an adjustable
frequency AC source.

•Our experimental setup allowed us to observe and


record the changes in self-inductance as we varied the
frequency and added different components to the
circuit.Based on our observations and results, we were
able to analyze and interpret the data to draw
conclusions about the relationship between self-
inductance and frequency, as well as the effects of
adding resistors and bulbs to the circuit.

•Overall, this project provided us with a valuable


learning experience in the field of electrical
engineering and helped us to develop our skills in
experimental design data analysis, and critical thinking.

12
BIBLIOGRAPHY:

 NCERT CLASS-12 PHYSICS


 S.L.ARORA
 H.C.VERMA
 WIKIPEDIA

13

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