CHAPTER

10 Circles

Mind–Maping

Circle

KEY POINTS
1. A circle is a collection of all points in a plane which are at a constant distance
from a fixed point. The fixed point is called the centre and constant distance is
called the radius.
2. Secant: A line which intersects a circle in two distinct points is called a secant
of the circle.

P Q

3. Tangent: It is a line that intersects the circle at only one point. The point where
tangent touches the circle is called the point of contact.
Here A is the point of contact.

Mathematics-X 129
 P A B
4. Number of Tangent: Infinitely many tangents can be drawn on a circle.
5. Number of Secant: There are infinitely many secants which can be drawn to a
circle.
6. (i) (Prove) The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius
through the point of contact.
(ii) (Prove) The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle
are equal.
7. The tangent to a circle is a special case of the secant, when the two end points of
the corresponding chord coincide.
8. There is no tangent to a circle passing through a point lying inside the circle.
9. There is one and only one tangent to a circle passing through a point lying on the
circle.
10. There are exactly two tangents to a circle through a point lying outside the
circle.

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. How many tangents can a circle have?
(a) Only one (b) Two
(c) None (d) Infinitely many
2. A tangent to a circle intersects it in:
(a) Only one point (b) Two points
(c) No point (d) Infinitely many points
3. In the given figure, if PQ is a tangent, then the value of 2(∠POQ + ∠QPO) is:
Q

O P

130 Mathematics-X
 (a) 60° (b) 90°
(c) 120° (d) 180°
4. A tangent PQ at point P of a circle of radius 5cm meets a line through the centre
O at a point Q so that OQ = 12cm. The length of PQ is:
(a) 12 cm (b) 13 cm
(c) 15 cm (d) 119 cm
5. A circle can have ——— parallel tangents at the most.
(a) Two (b) Four
(c) Six (d) Infinitely many
6. In the given figure, PQ is Tangent to the circle centered at O. If ∠AOB = 95°,
then the measure of ∠ABQ is:

O
P
95°

A B

Q
(a) 42.5° (b) 47.5°
(c) 85° (d) 95°
7. In the given figure, ∆ABC is circumscribing a circle. Find the length of BC.

Mathematics-X 131
 A

3 cm 9 cm

N M

4 cm 6 cm

B C
L
8. If the length of the tangent to a circle from a point P, which is 25 cm away from
the centre, is 24 cm, then find the radius of the circle.
9. In the given figure, ABCD is a cyclic quadrilatreral. If ∠BAC = 50° and
∠DBC = 60°, then find ∠BCD.

D C

60 °
50°
A B

10. In figure, O is the centre of a circle, PQ is a chord and the tangent PR at P makes
an angles of 50° with PQ. Find ∠POQ.
P
R
50°

11. If two tangents inclined at an angle of 60° are drawn to a circle of radius 3 cm,
then find the length of each tangent.

132 Mathematics-X
12. If radii of two concentric circles are 4 cm and 5 cm, then find the length of the
chord of that circle which is tangent to the other circle.
13. In the given figure, PQ is tangent to outer circle and PR is tangent to inner circle.
If PQ = 4cm, OQ = 3 cm and OR = 2 cm then find the length of PR.
Q

O P

14. In the given figure, O is the centre of the circle, PA and PB are tangents to the
circle. Find ∠AQB. (CBSE 2016)

15. In the given figure, If ∠AOB = 125° then find ∠COD.

B
A

125°

D C
16. If two tangent TP and TQ are drawn from an external point T such that
∠TQP = 60°, then find ∠OPQ.
P

O T
60°

Mathematics-X 133
17. Find the distance between two points of contact of two parallel tangents to a
given circle of radius 9 cm.
18. Find the radius of a circle, if distance between two parallel tangents be 10 cm.
19. How many common tangents can be drawn to two circles touching internally?

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

20. If diameters of two concentric circles are d1 and d2 (d2 > d1) and c is the
length of chord of bigger circle which is tangent to the smaller circle. Show
that d22 = c2 + d12.

21. The length of tangent to a circle of radius 2.5 cm from an external point P is
6 cm. Find the distance of P from the nearest point of the circle.

22. TP and TQ are the tangents from the external point T of a circle with centre O. If
∠OPQ = 30° then find the measure of ∠TQP.

23. In the given figure, AP = 4 cm, BQ = 6 cm and AC = 9 cm. Find the semi
perimeter of ∆ABC.
A
4c
m

R P

C Q B
6 cm
24. A circle is drawn inside a right angled triangle whose sides are a, b and c
where c is the hypotenuse, which touches all the sides of the triangle. Prove that
a+b–c
r= where r is the radius of the circle.
2
25. Prove that in two concentric circles the chord of the larger circle which is
tangent to the smaller circle is bisected at the point of contact.

134 Mathematics-X
26. In the given figure, AC is diameter of the circle with centre O and A is the point
of contact. Find x.

O B

40°
P Q
A
27. In the given figure, KN, PA and PB are tangents to the circle. Prove that
KN = AK + BN.

28. In the given figure, PQ is a chord of length 6 cm and the radius of the circle is
6 cm. TP and TQ are two tangents drawn from an external point T. Find ∠PTQ.
P

O T

29. In the given figure, ABC is a triangle in which ∠B = 90°, BC = 48 cm and

AB = 14 cm. A circle is inscribed in the triangle, whose centre is O. Find the
radius (r) of the incircle.

Mathematics-X 135
30. If the inscribed circle of the ∆ABC touches BC at D. Prove that AB – BD
= AC – CD.
A

B C
D
31. From a point P which is at distance of 13 cm from the centre O of a circle of
radius 5 cm, the pair of tangents PQ and PR to the circle are drawn, then find
the area of the quadrilateral PQOR.
32. In the given figure, tangents AC and AB are drawn to a circle from a point A
such that ∠BAC = 30° and a chord BD is drawn parallel to the tangent AC. Find
∠DBC.

D B

30°
A
C

136 Mathematics-X
33. Find the value of x.

34. PA and PB are tangents to the circle with centre at O. If ∠APB = 70°, then find
∠AQB.
A

P Q O

35. In the given figure, CD is a tangent and AB is a diameter of the circle.

If ∠DCB = 30°, then find ∠ADC.

30°
A O B C

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

36. In the given figure, find AD, BE, CF where AB = 12 cm, BC = 8 cm and
AC = 10 cm. C

F E

A B
D
Mathematics-X 137
37. In the given figure, OP is equal to the diameter of the circle with centre O. Prove
that ∆ABP is an equilateral triangle.

o P

B
38. In the given figure, find PC. If AB = 13 cm, BC = 7 cm and AD = 15 cm.
A

R
B
O 4 cm
S Q

C P D
39. In the given figure, find the radius of the circle.

A
cm
23

B
5 cm 29 cm
O r
S Q

C P D

138 Mathematics-X
40. In the given figure, PQ is tangent and PB is diameter. Find the values of angle
x and y.
P
y
x y
A o Q
35°

B
41. In the given figure, two circles touch each other at the point C. Prove that the
common tangent to the circles at C, bisects the common tangent at P and Q.

T
A
Q
C
B

42. In the given figure, a circle touches all the four sides of a quadrilateral ABCD. If
AB = 6 cm, BC = 9 cm and CD = 8 cm, then find the length of AD.

C
D

B
A

43. In the figure, PA is a tangent from an external point P to a circle with centre O. If
POB = 115°, then find APO.

P O
115°

Mathematics-X B 139
44. In the given figure, XP and XQ are tangents from X to the circle with centre O, R
is a point on the circle and AB is tangent at R. Prove that :
XA + AR = XB + BR

45. In the given figure, find the perimeter of ABC, if AP = 12 cm.

A

D
B C
P Q

ANSWERS AND HINTS

1. (d) Infinitely many 2. (a) Only one point

3. (d) 180° 4. (d) 119 cm
5. (a) Two 6. (b) 47.5°
7. Since length of both the tangents from a point outside the circle is equal, So
BN = BL, CM = CL
BL + CL = BC = 10 cm

8.

By Pythagoras Theorem, QR = 7 cm.

140 Mathematics-X
9. Angle in the same segment are euqal.
DAC = DBC = 60°.
The sum of the opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180°.
So BCD = 70°
10. The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the
point of contact.
So, RPO = 90°
OPQ = OQP = 40°
POQ = 100°
Q

3 cm
60°
O P
11.
3 cm

R
QPO RPO
60
QPO = RPO 30
2
In QPO, OQP = 90°(Tangent is perpendicular at the point of contact).
OQ
tan 30° = QP = 3 3 cm
QP

12.

In AOP, right angled at P.

(5)2 = AP2 + 42 AP2 = 9
AP = 3
AB = 6 cm (� OP AB so OP bisects AB)
13. In PQO, (4)2 + (3)2 = (OP)2
5 = OP

Mathematics-X 141
 In PRO, (5)2 = (2)2 + (PR)2
PR = 21 cm
A

4
Q 5 3 40° 1 P
14. O
2

In Quadrilateral OAPB
1+ 2+ 3+ 4 = 360°
1+ 3 = 180°
3 = 140°
Now, 3= 2 5
5 = 70° or AQB = 70°

1 2
3 4
15.
5 6 (CPCT) of their corresponding triangles.
7 8

°
2( 2 3 6 7) =360°

or AOB + COD = 180°

or COD = 55°
16. OQT =90° (Angle between tangent & radius)
PQO = 30°
PQO = OPQ = 30°
17. 18 cm
18. 5 cm
19. 1

142 Mathematics-X
 20.

AO2 = OP2 + AP2

2 2 2
d2 d1 c
2 = 2 2

d22 d12 c²
4 4 4
d 22 = c2 + d 2
1

21.

(OP)2 = (OT)2 + (PT)2

(OP)2 = (2.5)2 + (6)2
= 42.25
OP = 6.5 cm, QP = 4 cm

22.

OQP = OPQ = 30°

OQT = 90° (Angle between radius and tangent)

Mathematics-X 143
 TQP = OQT – OQP
= 90° – 30° = 60°
23. AP =AR = 4 cm
CR = CQ = (9 – 4) cm = 5 cm
1
Semi perimeter = [AC + AB + BC]
2
1
= 9 10 11 = 15 cm
2
A

24.
c
F b

o r
E

B D C
a
AE = AF = b–r; BD = BF = a–r
AB = AF + BF
c= b–r+a–r
a+b–c
This gives, r=
2
25. Join OP
AB is tangent to circle C1 at P and OP is radius C1 C2
O
OP AB
AB is chord of circle C2 and OP AB. A B
P
Therefore OP is the bisector of the chord AB as the
perpendicular from the centre bisects the chord i.e,
AP = BP
26. OAB = 50°
x+ B+ OAB = 180°
x + 90° + 50° = 180°
x = 40°
144 Mathematics-X
 27. AK = KC
BN = NC
KN = KC + NC =AK + BN
28. POQ + PTQ = 180°
60° + PTQ = 180°
PTQ = 120°
29. r = 6 cm
30. AP = AQ (1)
BP = BD (2)
CD = CQ (3)
Adding (1) and (2) A
AP + BP = AQ + BD
AB – BD = AQ (4)
P Q
Adding (1) and (3)
AP + CD = AQ + CQ
AP = AC – CD (5) B C
D
From (1), (4) and (5)
AB – BD = AC – CD
31. 60 cm2
32. DBC = 75°
33. x = 60°
34. AQB = 125°
35. ADC = 120°
36. AD = 7 cm, BE = 5 cm, CF = 3 cm

Mathematics-X 145
 37. OP = 2r
OQ = QP = r
A

O P
Q

B
Consider AOP in which OA AP and OP is the hypotenuse.
OQ = AQ = OA
(Mid point of hypotenuse is equidistance from the vertices).
OAQ is an equilitateral triangle.
AOQ = 60°
OAP = 90° APO = 30°
APB = APO = 60°
PA = PB (tangents)
PAB = PBA
APB = 60°
PAB = PBA = 60°
ABP is an equilateral triangle.
38. PC = 5 cm
39. 11 cm
40.

In ABP, 1 = 90° (Angle in semi-circle)

1 + 35° + y = 180°
90° + 35° + y = 180°

146 Mathematics-X
 ∠y = 55°
In ∆OPQ, ∠2 = 90° (Angle between tangent and radius)
∠2 + ∠x + ∠y = 180°
90° + ∠x + 55° = 180°
∠x = 35°
42. AD = 5 cm
43. 25°
45. 24 cm

Mathematics-X 147
 PRACTICE-TEST
CIRCLES
Time : 45 Minutes M.M.: 20

SECTION-A
1. In the given figure find x, where ST is the tangent. 1
T

x-40° x
S
O

2. In the given figure if AC = 9 cm, find BD. 1

A B C

3. In the given figure, ∆ABC is circumscribing a circle, then find the length of BC.
1

A
m
3c

N M
8 cm
m
4c

B C
L
4. From the external point P, tangents PA and PB are drawn to a circle with centre
O. If ∠PAB = 50°, then find ∠AOB. 1

148 Mathematics-X
 SECTION-B
5. If the angle between two tangents drawn from an external point P to a circle of
radius a and centre O is 60° then find the length of OP. 2
6. In the following figure, find x. 2

7. Two concentric circle with centre O are of radii 6 cm and 3 cm. From an external
point P, tangents PA and PB are drawn to these circle as shown in the figure. If
AP = 10 cm, then find BP. 2

o P

SECTION-C
8. In the given figure, AB is a tangent to a circle with centre O. Prove
BPQ = PRQ. 3
R

O Q

A P B
Mathematics-X 149
9. In the given figure, ∆ABC is drawn to circumscribe a circle of radius 3 cm,
such that the segment BD and DC into which BC is divided by the point of
contact D are of length 6 cm and 8 cm respectively, find side AB if the ar(∆ABC)
= 63 cm² 3

F E

B C
6 cm D 8 cm

SECTION-D
10. AB is a diameter of a circle with centre O and AT is a tangent. If ∠AOQ = 58°,
then find ∠ATQ. 4

150 Mathematics-X