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IPv4 and IPv6 Header

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16 views

IPv4 and IPv6 Header

Uploaded by

qaiihaa5
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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All IP Versions

IP have 15 version 4bits value 2^4=16, 0 to 15.

IPv1: Experimental, never standardized.

IPv2: Experimental, never standardized.

IPv3: Experimental, never standardized.

IPv4: Widely used, 32-bit address space.

IPv5: Experimental for streaming, never widely used.

IPv6: Current standard, 128-bit address space.

IPv7: Experimental, research version.

IPv8: Experimental, focused on mobile/wireless.

IPv9: Peer-to-peer research, not standardized.

IPv10: Speculative, never standardized.

IPv11: Speculative, no formal RFC.

IPv12: Speculative, no formal RFC.

IPv13: Speculative, no formal RFC.

IPv14: Speculative, no formal RFC.

IPv15: Speculative, no formal RFC.


IPv4 Header

IPv4 Header 20bytes and maximum IPv4 Header 60bytes its variable.

IPv4 have 12 fields.

Version 4bits IHL 4bits TOS 8bits Total Length 16bit 4 bytes
Identifier 16bits Flag 3bits Fragment offset 13bits 4 bytes
TTL 8bits Protocol 8bits Checksum 16bits 4 bytes
Source address 32bits 4 bytes
Destination address 32 bits 4 bytes
Optional 40 bytes
Version

Version number of internet protocol.

IHL
Header Data
Internet Header length, length of entire IP header.

Formula 1010 = 10 multiply by 4.


Datagram
TOS

Type of service field could specify a datagram priority and request router for low delay, high
throughput etc.

Total Length

Length of entire IP packet including IP header and IP payload.

Identification

If IP packet id fragment during the transmission, all the fragment contains same identification
number to identify original IP packet they belong too.

Flags

As required by the network resources, if IP packet is too large to handle, these flags tell if they can
be 1 fragment or not. In this 3-bit flag, always set to “0”.

Fragment offset

This offset tells the exact position of the fragment in the original IP packet.

Time to Live

To avoid looping in the network, every packet is sent with some TTL value set, which tells the
network how many routers this packet can cross. At each router value is reduce by 1.

Protocol

Tell the network layer at the destination host, to which protocol this packet belongs to for e.g. TCP,
UDP and ICMP etc.

Checksum

Header checksum for error free transmission.


IPv6 Header

IPv6 header is Fixed 40 bytes and Ipv6 have 8 field.

Version 4bits Traffic class 8bits Flow label 20bits


Payload length 16bits Next header 8bits Hop limit 8bits
Source address 128bits
Destination address 128bits
Ipv4 and Ipv6 Header field going process left to right, top to bottom...
Destination Source Hop limit Next Payload Flow Traffic version
address address header length label class

Version

It represents the version of internet protocol.

Traffic class

In the Ipv6 header, the Traffic class field is used to prioritize and manage traggic by specifying the
type of service or quality of service (QoS) for the packets.

Flow label

The flow label in the IPv6 header is used to identify packets that belong to the same flow, allowing
routers to handle them with special treatment for performance optimization.

Payload length

This field is used to tell the routers how much information a particular packet contains in its payload.

Next Header

This field usually specify the transport layer protocol used by packet payload the two most common
kinds of next headers are TCP (6) and UDP (17) but many other headers are also possible.

Hop limit

The main function of this field is to avoid looping IPv6 data packets can pass through a maximum of
254 routers before being discorded.

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