OOP W1: Using Object

Object-Oriented Programming
Using C++

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OOP W1: Using Object

Course Contents
Introduction to object-oriented programming...
...with a strong software engineering foundation...
...aimed at producing and maintaining large, high-quality software systems.

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Buzzwords
encapsulation
inheritance
polymorphism
overriding
interface
cohesion
coupling
collection classes
template
responsibility-driven design
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Textbooks
C++ Prime, Ver 5
Thinking In C++, Ver. 2,Vol. 1 & 2
References:
The C++ Programming Language
C++: The Core Language
Essential C++
Effective C++
Inside the C++ Object Model
C++ Templates
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Bruce Eckel
Bruce Eckel is the author of “Thinking in C++” , who won the Software Development
Jolt Award for best book of 1995. He's been professionally programming for 20 years
and has been teaching people throughout the world how to program with objects
since 1986. He was a voting member of the C++ Standards Committee.
http://mindview.net

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Assessment
0. Attendance: 1%
1. In-class quiz: 8%, mostly before lecture, on PTA, since W3
2. Assignments: 16%, one problem set for each week, on PTA, due next lecture (W1 and
W2 due W4 lecture)
3. 6 Labs: 12%, due Sat (W1 due W4 sat.)
4. 2 Projects: 8%
5. Mid-Term Exam: 5% on PTA, 90-min at lab period, around week 9
6. Final Exam: 50%
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Tools for C++

TDM GCC64 (Windows) or
clang+llvm (macOS)
Visual Studio Code
学在浙大有安装视频
可以继续使用Dev C++

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Introduction to C++
The trip begins...

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学哪个语言
https://www.tiobe.com/tiobe-index/

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其他语言?
几乎都是C-like语言
现代的编程语言在语法上的差异很小
语言的能力/适用领域主要是由
库, and
传统所决定的

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结论建议
对计算机本身(体系结构、操作系统、编译)感兴 趣—>C
想编程解决手头的问题(统计、AI、桌面小程序) —>Python
有明确的需求(求职)—>人家要什么学什么 (PHP、JavaScript、C++)
C++是写库的语言
还没想好 —>Java

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Introduction to C++
The trip begins...

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The C Language
Strengths
Efficient programs
Direct access to machine, suitable for OS and ES
Flexible
Weakness
Insufficient type checking
Poor support for programming-in-the-large
Procedure-oriented programming
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Bjarne Stroustrup
http://www.research.att.com/~bs/homepage.html
C++ was first designed and implemented by Bjarne Stroustrup, AT&T, early 1980’s
Oct. 2002, Stroustrup visited Zhejiang Univ.
The Design and Evolution of C++, Bjarne Stroustrup, Addison-Wesley, ISBN 0-201-
54330-3

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Brief history of C++ (1)

1978: BS at Cambridge, UK.
Simulation program in Simula
Supports classes, inheritance, and type check Poor performance

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Brief history of C++ (2)

1979: BS at AT&T Labs, Cpre, C w/ classes
1980: most C++ features but virtual functions
1983: C++ w/ virtual functions, named C++ by Rick Mascitti 1985: Cfront
1985:“The C++ Programming Language”
1990:ANSI C++ Committee ISO/ANSI Standard C++ in 1998: ISO/IEC 14882
(http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/ wg21/ )

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Goal for C++

Support for object oriented programming (from SmallTalk)
to combine flexibility and efficiency of C

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C and C++
C++ builds on C
Knowledge of C helps you in C++
C++ support more styles of programming
C++ provides more features 26

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C++ improvements
Data abstraction
Access control
Initialization & cleanup
References
Function overloading
Streams for I/O
Name control
Operator overloading
More safe and powerful memory management
Templates
Exception handling
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C++ C++ can be viewed as a “better” C

C++ => C=C+1
but...
C++ is not C
Focus on C++ as a language in its own right
C++ is a hybrid language, supports
Procedure-oriented programming
Object-oriented programming
Generic programming

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The First C++ Program

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
cout << "Hello, World! I am " << 18 < Today!" << endl;
return 0;
}

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Read input
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
int number;
cout << "Enter a decimal number: ";
cin >> number;
cout << "The number you entered is " << number <<" endl;
return 0;
}

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Format output
Manipulators are special functions that can be included in the I/O statement to alter
the format parameters of a stream.
endl is one of the manipulators.

#include <iomanip>

setw(int width)

setprecision(int place)

cout << setw(10) << setprecision(2) << 12.856 << endl;

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string
string is a class in C++
You must add this at the beginning of your code:
#include <string>

Define variable of string like other types:

string str;

Initialize it w/ string literal:

string str = "Hello";
string str("Hello");
string str{"Hello"};

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Object
A string variable is an object.
Everything is an object.
by Alan Kay
A variable of any type in C++ is an object.

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Assignment for string

char charr1[20];
char charr2[20] = "jaguar";
string str1;
string str2 = "panther";
carr1 = char2; // illegal
str1 = str2; // legal

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Input and Output

Read and write string with cin / cout :
cin >> str;
cout << str;

Read a whole line:

getline(cin, line_var)

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One character in a string

A string can be used as an array:
string s = "Hello";
s[0]='J';

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Concatenation for string

string str3;
str3 = str1 + str2;
str1 += str2;
str1 += "lalala";

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length
s.length();

The dot . is an operator that retrieve a member of a struct in C

It is still that operator in C++ that retrieve a member of an object in C

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Create a string
string(const char *cp, int len);
string(const string& s2, int pos);
string(const string& s2, int pos, int len);

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Sub-string
substr(int pos, int len);

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Alter string
insert(size_t pos, const string& s);
erase (size_t pos = 0, size_t len = npos);
append (const string& str);
replace (size_t pos, size_t len, const string& str);

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Search string
size_t find (const string& str, size_t pos = 0) const;

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Pointers to Objects
string s = "hello";
string* ps = &s;

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Operators with Pointers

& : get address
ps = &s;

* : get the object

(*ps).length()

-> : call the function

ps->length()

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Two Ways to Access

string s;
s is the object itself
string *ps;
ps is a pointer to an object

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Object vs Pointer
string s;
At this line, object s is created and initialized
string *ps;
At this line, the object ps points to is not known yet

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Assignment
string s1, s2;
s1 = s2;
string *ps1, *ps2;
ps1 = ps2;

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What we’ve learned today?

A brief history of C++
Input and output in C++ with cin and cout (Ch1.2)
The string class, the dot . operator (Ch3.2)
Pointer to an object, the arrow -> operator

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