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Work and energy notes and wk

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28 views4 pages

Work and energy notes and wk

HOPE THIS HELPS

Uploaded by

younicekeepgoing96
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Work and Energy

Work Done
Work done on an object is defined as the product of the magnitude of the force acting on the
body and the displacement in the direction of the force. W = F.s
If a force acting on a body causes no displacement, the work done is 0. For example, pushing a
wall.

Energy
Energy is defined as the ability to do work. Its unit is the same as that of work.
SI unit of energy or work = Joule (Nm).
Energy has different forms: Light, heat, chemical, electrical or mechanical.
Mechanical energy is the sum of:
(i) Kinetic energy (K.E)
(ii) Potential energy (P.E)

Kinetic Energy
Objects in motion possess energy and can do work. This energy is called Kinetic Energy.
F = ma.
Also W = F.s
⇒ From the 2nd equation of motion v 2−u2=2as,
⇒ we get s = ⇒ Substituting equation for work done by a moving body,
⇒ we get W =m.a * v2−u2/2a
Or

⇒ Kinetic Energy = K.E= 1/2 mv2 (taking initial velocity u=0)


When two identical bodies are in motion, the body with a higher velocity has more K.E.
Work-energy theorem
The work-energy theorem states that the net work done by a moving body can be calculated by
finding the change in KE.
⇒ W net = KE final − KE initial
⇒ Wnet= 1/2 m[v2−u2]

Factors affecting kinetic energy


 Mass
 Velocity
 Momentum

Potential Energy
Energy can get stored in an object when work is done on it.
For example, stretching a rubber string. The energy that is possessed by a body by virtue of its
configuration or change in position is known as Potential Energy.
The potential energy of an object at a height.
When an object is raised to a certain height, work is done against gravity to change its position.
This energy is stored as Potential Energy.
⇒W = F.s
⇒F = ma
In the case of increasing the height, F = mg
Therefore , W (P.E) = mgh
⇒ ΔPE=mg(h final−h initial)

Law of Conservation of Energy


Law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but can
be transferred from one form to another. The total energy before and after the transformation
remains constant.
Total energy = KE + PE
For example: consider a ball falling freely from a height. At height h, it has only PE = mgh.
By the time it is about to hit the ground, it has a velocity and therefore has KE= 1212 mv2.
Therefore, energy gets transferred from PE to KE, while the total energy remains the same.

Power
The rate of doing work or the rate of transfer of energy is called power. It is denoted by P

⇒ P = Wt
SI unit is Watt (Js−1).
Average power = Total energy consumed/Total time taken
The commercial unit of power is kWh i.e. energy used in 1 hour at 1000 Joules/second.
1kWh=3.6×106J

Worksheet:
1. The kinetic energy of an object with mass m moving at a speed of 5 m per second is
25 J. If its speed doubles, what is its kinetic energy? What is its kinetic energy when
its speed triples?
2.An object weighing 40 kg rises to a height of 5 m above the ground. What is its
potential energy? If you let an object fall, find the kinetic energy when it is in the
middle.
3.How much work is done to stop a car of weight 1500 kg moving with a velocity 60
km/h?
4. Derive the expression of the kinetic energy of an object. Calculate the kinetic
energy of a 5 kg object moving at a speed of 2.5 ms . -1

5. A stone is thrown with a velocity of 40 m/s in upward direction.


a. The potential and kinetic energy of that stone will be equal at what height?
b. If the stone’s mass is 10 kg, what will be its potential energy?
6. A body having mass 5 kg and constant velocity 12 m/s is lifted upwards. Calculate:
a. Force applied in lifting the body
b. Work done in lifting the body
c. What will happen to the work done?
7. What does the unit of electrical energy mean? When the meter displays 400 energy
units, how much energy is consumed in joules?

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