MATHEMATICAL LITERACY

MEASUREMENT
Teaching Time
 Possible Resources
• CAPS DOCUMENT
• RATP’S
• TEXTBOOKS
• EXAM GUIDELINES
• CHIEF MARKERS REPORT
• PHYSICAL RESOURCES Eg. 3D objects; jugs; bottles;
boxes;etc.
 Measurement across the Grades
Grade 10 (Pg 62 -75) Grade 11(Pg 62 -71) Grade 12 (Pg 62 -75)
Metric; Time; Cooking conversions Metric to Imperial, Metric to Imperial,
Measuring Length, Distance and Square and cubed units. Square and cubed units.
Mass using appropriate Measuring Length /Distance using Measuring Length /Distance using
instruments. appropriate instruments. appropriate instruments.
Estimation of length Estimation of length Estimation of length
Cost of products Cost of products using formulae Cost of products using formulae
Perimeter and Area (Mass, Area and Volume) (Mass, Area and volume) (budgets)
Reading temperature Consumption Rate Consumption Rate
Perimeter, Area, Volume Perimeter, Area, Volume
(Rectangular prisms and cylinders) (Rectangular prisms and cylinders)
Travelling costs Travelling costs
Speed, distance and time Speed, distance and time
BMI BMI, medicine dosage and growth
Temperature conversions charts
Temperature conversions
 Measurement across the ATP’s
Grade 10 Grade 11 Grade 12
Term 2: Term 1: Term 2:
Conversion ; Estimation Conversions; Time; Conversions, Area,
and measuring instruments Perimeter; Area; & Volume Volume, TSA, Time,
BMI, Costs
Term 3:
Perimeter; Area;
Cost of products.
 Diagnostic report findings
• Conversion is still a challenge for most candidates (especially
with squared and cubed units)
• Learners do not refer to the notes given in question papers eg.
NOTE: 1litre = 1 000 ml
• Some candidates still confuse diameter and radius
• Many candidates confused time with duration. They gave 12:00
as an answer instead of 12 hours.
• Writing as simplified or unit ratios are still a challenge.
 Diagnostic report findings cont…..
• Learners still substitute the incorrect values into formulae
• Learners lack basic calculator skills and forget to square
parts of formulae where it is required.
• Most candidates did not know which operation to use
when finding difference. They added the two values
instead of subtracting the two values.
• Learners still do not know when to round up or down.
This shows a lack of understanding at a most basic level.
As rounding up or down is a basic skill.
 Objectives
By the end of the section learners must be able to:
• Use the correct terminology when working with Measurements
• Estimate and measure using the correct units
• Convert between various units of measurement
• Calculate Perimeter / Circumference, Area, TSA, Volume and Capacity
• Substitute correctly into the given formulae
• Apply the knowledge of measurement to calculate cost of products
be able to draw conclusions based on previous calculations.
 Conversions

Volume Measurement Perimeter

Area/TSA
 Conversions

Imperial Mass/Wei Length Temperat

Cooking ure Time
vs Metric ght /Distance
 Basic Conversions
Conversion diagram

Conversion factors for length km m cm mm

10 millimetres (mm) = 1 centimetre (cm)

× 1000 × 100 ×10
1 000 millimetres (mm) = 1 metre (m)

100 centimetres (cm) = 1 metre (m) We can also reverse it to find lengths in larger units:

1 000 metres (m) = 1 kilometre (km) km m cm m

m

÷ 1000 ÷ 100 ÷ 10
 IMPERIAL to METRIC
Conversions with Mass 1 inch (in) = 2,54 cm
1 yard (yd.) = 0,9144 m
1 000 mg (mg) = 1 gram (g)
1 mile (mi) = 1,6093 km
1 000 grams (g) = 1 kilogram(kg)
1 foot (ft.) = 0,3048 m
1 000 kilograms (kg) = 1 ton (t)
1 ounce(mass) = 28,35g
1fluid ounce = 29,57ml
1 gallon= 3,8 litres
 Conversions with squares and cubes
Area: squared units
• 100 Square millimetres (𝒎𝒎𝟐 )= 1 square centimetres (𝒄𝒎𝟐 )
• 10 000 square centimetres (𝒄𝒎𝟐 ) = 1 square metre (𝒎𝟐 )
• 1 hectare (ha)= 10000 square metre (𝒎𝟐 )
Volume: cubed units
3 3
• 1 cubic metres (m ) = 1 000 000 cm
• 1 litre (l) = 1 000 mililtres (ml)
3 3
• 1 cubic centimetres (cm )= 1 000 cubic milimetres (mm )
• I kilolitre (kl) = 1 000 litres (l)
3
• 1 cm = 1ml
3
• 1 m = 1 000 l
 Cooking conversions
• 1 cup = 250 mℓ
• 1 tablespoon (tbsp.) = 15 mℓ
• 1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 mℓ
• 1 dozen = 12 units
 Conversions with time
Equivalent units:
60 mins = 1 hour (hr)
24 hrs = 1 day
7 days = 1 week
52 weeks = 1 year
12 months = 1 year
365,25 days = 1 year
366 days = 1 leap year (a leap year occurs after 4 years, the 4 quarters make up
an extra day)
Conversion
tricks
 General Method for Conversions

• BIG unit down to a SMALLER unit MULTIPLY by the conversion factor

• SMALL unit up to a BIGGER unit DIVIDE by the conversion factor

 DUMA TRICK
Multiply across

up
Divide
 Example:
1. State the conversion factor
e.g 1m =100 cm
2. Write the known measurement below a measure with the same units
1𝑚 100 𝑐𝑚
e.g =
5𝑚
3. Represent the unknown with a 𝑥 or any other symbol
1𝑚 100 𝑐𝑚
e.g =
5𝑚 𝑥
4. Invert the 2 related measures with similar units then multiply by the single
unrelated measure.
5𝑚 100 𝑐𝑚
e.g ×
1𝑚
= 500 cm
King Henry Died a Misreable Death Called Measels

l
Kilo Hecto Deca m deci centi milli
g
 Works for squares and cubes also
• Step 1: Find out where the comma is
• Step 2: Where am I and where am I going?
• Step 3: Count the spaces to move
• Step 4: Simply the move the comma that amount of
spaces in
the required direction.
• Step 5: Empty spaces are filled by commas
 Eg. Convert 100cm to km
KHDMDCM
100 cm thus from cm to km is 5 moves to the left

Simply move the comma 5 places to the left

Thus 100 cm = 0,001 km
 Method works for squares and cubes also
• When squared, we double the amount of jumps the comma
makes
• Eg. Convert 100cm2 to km2

• Thus 100 cm = 0,00000001 km

• When cubed, we triple the amount of jumps the comma

makes
• Eg. Convert 1km3 to cm3
• Thus 1,0 km3 = 1000000000 m3
 Activity 1
Convert the following Answers

1.1 35 mm to cm

1.2 1,48 m to mm

1.3 790 cm to m

1.4 510 000 cm to km

1.5 0,22 km to mm
 Conversions
ACTIVITY 2 between metric and imperial unit
Use the conversion charts below to complete the table
systems
Imperial Metric
1 mile (mi) 1,6 km Convert the following Answers
1 yard (yd) 0,91m
1 feet (ft) 30cm 2.1 6 yd to m
1 inch (in) 2,54cm
2.2 0,3 in to mm

Imperial Metric 2.3 120 lb to kg

1 pound (lb) 453g
1 ounce (oz) 28,35g 2.4 5 l to gal
1 gallon (gal) 3,8 l
1 pint (pt) 473 ml 2.5 856 ml to pt
ACTIVITY 3
Noma owns a coffee shop and bakes chocolate cupcakes using the recipe below: Use the recipe and
the information below to answer the questions that follow:
3.1. Nomsa is unable to measure quantities in ounces; convert the weight of dark sweet cherries into grams. (2)

3.2 Cakes are baked at a temperature of 356 o F. Express 356 °F in °C.

You may use the formula: °C = (°F – 32°) ÷ 1, 8 (2)

3.3 Fat sour cream is packed in a container of 125 g. Determine the number of containers required to make
45 cups. (2)

3.4 Write down the ratio of butter to granular sugar in the form of 1:… (2)

3.5 An empty cup weighs 112 g. Nomsa uses the cup to weigh the correct amount of granular sugar required
in the recipe. Write down the mass reading on the kitchen scale when the correct amount of granular sugar
is placed in the cup. (2)

3.6 Nomsa places the cakes in the oven at 14:37. She took it out of the oven after 30 minutes.
Write down, in words, the time she took the cakes out of the oven. (2)

3.7 Given that 1kg = 2,2 lb (pounds), convert the amount of all-purpose flour into pounds. (2)
EXAMPLES OF MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
PERIMETER, AREA, CAPACITY & VOLUME
PERIMETER:
• The perimeter of any shape with straight sides: Add the lengths of the sides
(ensure same units)
• Special cases involve regular shapes where formula can be used.
• A Rectangle; A Square; A Circle
AREA:

• The amount of two-dimensional space occupied by a 2-D shape.

The area of a shape is the size of its surface.
PERIMETER, AREA, CAPACITY & VOLUME
VOLUME:
• The amount of 3-D space occupied by an object. It is measured in
cubic units.
CAPACITY:
• The amount of space available to hold something. OR A measure
of the volume a hollow object can hold – usually measured in
litres.
SUMMARY
Measuring Perimeter (The distance around a given 2D shape)
 UNDERSTANDING PERIMETER

• One dimensional (1D)

• Distance around the OUTSIDE of a shape
• Measured in units (mm, cm, m, km)
Examples with circles.
Calculate the circumference of each of the following:
a)

b)
Solutions:

a) Perimeter = Semi-circle + diameter

= ½ (2 × π × r) + 2 × r
= (0,5) (2) (3,14) (8) + 2(8)
= 25,12 + 16
= 41,12 cm
b) Perimeter = ¾ circle + 2 × radius
= ¾ (2 × π × r) + 2 × r
= (0,75) (2) (3,14) (44) + 2(44)
= 207,24 + 88
= 295,24 mm

c) Perimeter = (3 × sides of square) + radius + ¼ circle

= (3 × 10) + 10 + ¼ (2 × π × r)
= 30 + 10 + (0,25) (2) (3,14) (10)
= 40 + 15,7
= 55,7 cm
 Composite Shapes
Determine the missing sides of the shape:

The vertical values

should add up to
opposing side.
Thus, if the
opposing side is
25cm, the missing
side is thus 10cm
 Activity 4
Calculate the perimeter of the figures below.

4.2
4.1

Slanted side = 86,02cm

4.3
4.3
Activity 5
Consider the fence surrounding the fishpond is placed about 1,5m away from the pond.
As indicated below:
5.1 Determine the perimeter of the fence. (2)
5.2 Determine the cost if the fencing is sold in 5m rolls for
R162,50 per roll. (3)
5.3 Determine how many poles are required to hold the fence if

the poles are to be spaced with a maximum space of 1,8 m

and if there is to be a pole on every corner.
(3)

5.4 Calculate how much will all the poles cost if they sold in
groups of 6 for R500 or as singles for R98,00 (3)
[9]
 Perimeter vs Area

P = 2 x π x r OR P = π x d P=s+s+s P = 2L + 2B
𝟐
A=πx𝒓 A=LXB
A=½xbxh
 Area of Basic Shapes
SUMMARY

In this section we will focus on summarising what you need to know about:

Area : the 2D space taken up by a shape

Units used: Square units eg m2,cm2,m2,etc.

Area of triangles can be tricky.

The area of a triangle is given by:

1
Area = × 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 × 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
2
1
= × 𝑏×ℎ
2
Remember: the base can be any side on which we have a perpendicular height
Calculate the area of each of the following figures:

16 cm
Answer:
A = ½ b X perpendicular H
= ½ (16)(9)
= 72cm2

For B note that the perpendicular height is that height that runs at 90 degrees to the side you use as the
base. In this case we use 19cm as the base so…

B = ½ b X perpendicular Height
= ½ (19)(7)
= 66,5cm2
Area of circles

We calculate the area of a circle using the following formula:

Area = 𝜋 (𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒)2

= 𝜋 𝑟2

However, we are also to know parts of a circle:

3
For the three – quarter circle = 𝜋 𝑟2
4

1
For the semi – circle = 𝜋 𝑟2
2

1
For the quarter – circle = 𝜋 𝑟2
4
 Examples

1. Calculate the area of each of the following to the nearest cm 2 :

1.1 1.2 1.3

10cm 25cm r
r = 8cm

𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2 𝐴 = 0,5𝜋𝑟 2

= 3,142 x (10 cm)2 = 3,142 x (12,5 cm)2 = 0,5 x 3,142 x (8 cm)2

= 314,2 cm2 = 490,94 cm2 = 100,544 cm2

= 314 cm2 = 491 cm2 = 101 cm2
1.4 1.5 1.6

22mm

36cm

1 3 A = Area of square + Area of

1
circle
A = πr 2 A = πr 2 4
2 4 1
A = s2 + πr 2
A = 0,5 × 3,142 × (18cm)2 A = 0,75 × 3,142 × (44mm)2 4
A = (10cm)2 + 0,25 × 3,142 × (10cm)2
A= 509,0cm2 A=4 562,2𝑚m2
A = 100cm2 + 78,55cm2 .

A = 178,6cm2
Determining the Area of Composite Shapes
A composite shape is a shape made up of other basic shapes. Thus, the idea here is to break the “big” shape
up into smaller parts.

Examples:
1.
Example 2

15mm

25mm 20mm

Area =
 Working with shaded areas
When asked to calculate the shaded area within a shape it
is often best to ask yourself:

1. Which basic shapes are we dealing with?

2. Where is the shaded area located, can I not take the
small shape out of the bigger shape?
ie. Bigger area – Smaller area
 When asked to calculate the shaded area within a shape it is often best t
Working with shaded areas
1. Which basic shapes am I dealing with?
2. Where is the shaded area located, can I not take the small shape out o
Examples
ie. Big – Small
eg. 1. The wooden frame below is 25cm long and 15cmwide, but the glas
1. The wooden frame below has the following dimensions listed below.
inside
Calculate the area of wooden frame.
is 23cm long and 13cm wide. Calculate the area of the wooden se
Inner dimensions: 23cm x 13cm
Outer dimensions: 25cm x 15cm

Solution: Area = Area of outer shape – area of inner shape

Thus:=Big (25 cm = –wooden
x 15 cm)
Shape ( 23 cm x 13cm)
frame (rectangle)
= 76 cm 2
Small shape= glass inner (rectangle)
Big area – small Area = Wood – Glass
= (25cm X15cm) – (23cm X
= 76cm2
2. The sketch below gives the outline of a circular track for kids. Calculate the painted (Shaded)
surface of the track. The diameter of the track is 12m and the track is 2m wide. Calculate the
amount of paint needed to paint the track is the spread rate is 50ml per square meter.

2m
12m

Radius of bigger circle = R

Radius of smaller circle = r
R = 12/2 = 6 m for big circle
Small circle is 2 m inside big circle,
Thus, diameter is 8 m and r = 4 m
There are two sections to the question:
Find the painted area
Find the amount of paint needed

Find the amount of paint needed

1. Painted area = area of big circle – area of small circle
= πR2 - πr2
= 3,142 (62) - 3,142(42)
= 62,84 m2

2. Paint needed
1 m2 : 50 ml
62,84 m2: ?
62,84 x 50 ml
3 142ml = 3,142 litres
Thabiso wants to renovate the walkway in his garden. He wants to replace the grass on the
walkway with concrete blocks and pebbles. The dimensions of the walkway are 4,05m by 1,45m and the
dimensions of the cement pavers are each 50cm x 50cm. By referring to the design diagram below,
calculate the area of the walkway that will needs to be covered with pebbles.
You may use the formula A = L x B
WHAT TO DO NOW???
Step 1: Calculate the area of the walkway
Step 2: Calculate the area of the 12 concrete blocks
Step 3: Subtract the area of concrete blocks from the
area of the walkway
∴ area of walkway = 4,05 x 1,45 

Steps
= 5,87 𝑚2 
∴ area of 12 concrete blocks = 3 𝑚2
∴ area covered with pebbles = 5,87 – 3  = 2,87 𝑚2 
4. Calculate the total area of 12 concrete blocks (in 𝑚2 ) .
Use the formula: A = L x B
- Calculate the area of one concrete block.
- Convert the answer to 𝑚2
- Multiply the converted answer with 12.

∴ A=LxB
ALTERNATIVELY:
= 50 x 50 = 2500 𝑐𝑚2  50
Covert L/B = = 0,5𝑚 
2500 100
∴ 1002 = 0,25 𝑚2  ∴A=LxB
= 0,5 x 0,5 = 0,25 𝑚2 
∴ 0,25 x 12 = 3 𝑚2  ∴ 0,25 x 12 = 3 𝑚2 
Activity 6 : Composite shapes in Real Life Contexts

Your Mathematical Literacy classroom gets new tables, shaped as shown below.

6.1 Using the appropriate formulae, calculate the area of each table in m 2. (5)

6.2 If each table cost R615,00 and ten tables were bought calculate how much the
tables cost per m2.

Hint: calculate the total cost of the tables and their total area first. (3)
[8]
Activity 7

For your birthday, a friend gives you a rare, lucky coin that has a square cut out of the middle as shown
in the photo and diagram below:

7.1 You measure the diameter of the circle to be 3 cm, and the length of one side of the
square to be 0,9 cm. Calculate the area of the coin in cm 2.
Round your answer to one decimal place. (7)

7.2 If the coin is worth R 3,58 per cm2, calculate its value. (2)
[9]
Activity 8
Lilly decides to plant a vegetable garden as shown below;

8.1 Calculate the total area of the garden

(5)
8.2 She needs to cover the area with compost. Each bag will cover an area of 15m 2.
Use your answer from 3.1 to determine how many bags of compost she will need . (3)
[8]
 Activity 9
Liz sews dresses for children. The material costs R89,50 per metre and she needs 2 metres of
material to make a dress for a 4-year-old; 2,5 metres to make a dress for a
7- year-old and 3 metres to make a dress for 10-year-old. The embroidery cotton costs R12,55 for
a roll of 3 metres. She uses 2 rolls of cotton per dress.

9.1 Determine, how many metres of material will she need to make the following four
dresses: She makes 1 dress for a 7-year-old, 2 dresses for four-year olds, and 1 dress
for a 10-year-old? (2)

9.2 Calculate the total of the material for the four dresses? (2)

9.3 Determine, the length of embroidery cotton that Liz is going to use when sewing one
dress, in metres and centimetres? (3)

9.4 Calculate the total amount that she will pay for the embroidery cotton? (2)

9.5 Determine, the total cost of a dress for a 10-year-old? (3)

[12]
Activity 10
A 2-metre path is built around a circular lawn with a diameter of 20 m.

10.1 Calculate the area of the path. (4)

10.2 The paving is roughly 40 paving bricks per m 2 and the contractor needs 5% more
bricks than needed. Calculate the number of bricks the contractor needs to order. (4)
[8]
 Total Surface Area
Surface area: The total area of the faces of a three-dimensional object.

Example: the surface area of a cube is the area of all 6 faces added together.

Base: The shape that a prism is based upon.

Prism height: The height or depth of length of a prism.

METHOD 1: Find the area of each side and simply add them to find the total
surface area
Surface Area of Rectangular Prism
4 cm
Find the area of each face:
2 cm Top and Bottom: 6 x 4 = 24 cm2
Front and back: 2 X 6 = 12 cm2
6 cm Either side: 2 X 4 = 8 cm2
Total Area= 24 +24 + 12 + 12 + 8 + 8 = 88 cm2
METHOD 2: USING THE FOLLOWING FORMULA.

TOTAL SURFACE AREA (TSA) = 2 x Area of base + Perimeter of base x Height

of prism

However, if 1 side is open, we will have to exclude that side, eg. box without lid,
a vase or a glass.

TSA = Area of base + Perimeter of base x height of prism

Why?
If we look at the net of the cylinder below, we notice that it is made up of 2 circles and the area that wraps
around the length of the cylinder. This area forms a rectangle (lateral area). The width of this area is the same
as the circumference (perimeter) of the base shape and the height forms the length of the rectangle .

Circle as
base

Height of
prism Circumference
forms the width
of the rectangle

Thus, TSA for Cylinder = area of 2 circles + circumference x height of cylinder

= 2(πr2) + (2πr) x h
NB! Remember to half the diameter in order to get the radius!
Example: What is the surface area of a prism where the base area is 25 m2,
the base perimeter is 24 m, and the length is 12 m:

Surface Area = 2 × Base Area + Base Perimeter × Length

= 2 × 25 m2 + 24 m × 12 m
= 50 m2 + 288 m2
= 338 m2

NB!!! You will not be required to know the formulae for TSA,
but should know how to substitute into the formulae given!
Example 1:

1. Joel’s father is a carpenter, and he was given a quotation with imperial units by a client.
Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow;

1.1 Write down the unit of measurement is used in this example? (2)

1.2 Calculate the surface area of the following solid shape. (slanted side = 5 in) (5)

You may use: TSA = area of 2 triangles + perimeter of triangle x length of pyramid
= 2 (½ base x height of triangle) + (S+S+S) x h
[7]
 Solutions
1.1 inches
1.2 1
TSA = 2 × base × height of triangle + S + S + S × h
2

1
=2 × 3 × 4 + 4 + 3 + 5 × 9
2

= 12 in2 + 108 in2

= 120 in2
 Example 2:
2. The diagram below is an illustration of a barn. A
barn is normally a structure used on farms to
store farming equipment.
(Not drawn to scale)
The area of each triangle is given as:
A= 24,5ft2

2.1 What is the surface area of the roof of the barn? (3)

2.2 Convert this measurement to square metres using the following:

1ft2 = 0.09m2 (3)

2.3 The walls of the barn will be painted a different colour to the roof. Calculate the
amount of paint that will be needed if the spread rate of the paint is 0,25 litres
per 2m2 (10)
[16]
Solutions
2.1 A=2 l×b 
A = 2 7ft × 15ft 
A = 210ft 2
2.2 1ft 2 = 0,9m2
? m2 = 210ft 2 
? m2 = 0,9m2 × 210ft 2
? = 189m2 
2.3 TSA = 2 x area of front wall + 2 x area of side walls
= 2(square + triangle) + 2(15 X 9) 
= 2( (9X10) + (1/2(7 X7)) + 270
= 499 ft 2

But 1ft2 = 0,9m2

Thus 499 X 0,9m = 449,10 m2
Therefore 0,25litres : 2m2
? : 449,10m2

449,10 × 0,25
Now,  = 56,14 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑡
2
Example 3
3. Uncle Joe bought a house and decided to do renovations in the lounge area. He plans to change the
wall panels on one of the walls in this room. Uncle Joe is decorating the wall with the ceiling panels.
Below is the plan of the lounge.

3.1 Calculate the perimeter of the part of the wall that needs to be decorated.
You may use the following formula: Perimeter= 2(𝑙 + 𝑤) (2)
3.2 Calculate the area of the wall that is going to be decorated with wall panels.
You may use the following formula: Area = 𝑙 × 𝑤 (2)

3.3 Determine the number of wall panels will be needed for the wall? Give your
answer to the nearest whole number.

The following formula may be used:

𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐰𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐭𝐨 𝐛𝐞 𝐝𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 (3)

𝐖𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐩𝐚𝐧𝐞𝐥𝐬 𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐝𝐞𝐝 =
𝟏, 𝟓𝐦𝟐

3.4 The area of the part of the ceiling that is going to decorated is 45m 2.
Determine how many packs of ceiling panels uncle Joe must buy if there are (3)
FOUR pieces in a pack. [10]
Solutions
3.1 P = 2 8 + 4,5 
P = 25m
3.2 A = 8 × 4,5
A = 36m2 
3.3 36
No of panels = 
1,5
= 24 panels

3.4 45
Number of packs = 
4
number of packs = 11,25
≈ 12 packs
Example 4
4. The following pond is made of rectangular shape at the centre
and two semi-circular shapes on either side as shown. The
centre circle (has a radius of 3m) in the middle indicates
where the statue will be erected. The area around the pond is
paved by bricks.

Use the information above to answer questions that follow.

4.1 A protective fence must be erected around the pond.

Determine the perimeter to be covered by the fence.
This formula may be used: Perimeter of rectangle = 2(l + b)
(2)
4.2 The current cost of paint at Builders hardware is shown below.

Quantity Cost
5 litre R475,00
10 litres R580,00
20 litres R998,00
[source: builders.co.za]

4.2.1 One litre of paint covers one coat of paint on 3 m2 of the wall. Determine the number of litres
of paint to cover all the inside walls of the pond if the area to be painted is 38,78 m 2 . (2)

4.2.2 Determine the tin size (tin of paint) that is the cheapest per litre. (4)

4.2.3 Provide advice on the size of the tin that will be most economical. (6)
Solutions
4.1 Perimeter = 2 (l + b)
= 2 (32 + 24 )
= 2 (56)
= 112 m
4.2.1 1 litre = 3m2
litres = 38,78 m2
=12,94 litres
= 13 litres
4.2.2 5 litres = R475.00 : 1L = 475 ÷ 5 = R95
10 litres = R580 : 1L=580÷10 = R58
20 litres = R998 : 1L= 998 ÷20 = R49,99
Therefore 20 litres tin is cheaper
4.2.3 13 litres required
1 x 10 litres and 1 x 5 litres
10 litre x 1 = R580
1 x 5 litres = R475 
Total = R1055
20 litres = R998.00
Therefore, it is economical to purchase the 20L tin
 Area and Volume of 3 Dimensional Shapes
SUMMARY
SUMMARY
Volume: The space taken up by a 3D object
Volume: The space taken up by a 3D object. Volume = Area of base shape x height
Capacity:
Capacity: TheThe amount
amount andcan
and object object
hold can hold
Eg. The capacity of a stadium is how many spectators it can hold, but the volume is the space it
Eg. The capacity of a stadium is how many spectators it can hold, but the volume
occupies.
the
Prism : A 3-dimensional shape that has the same shape (and size) on both ends and
the same
space it thickness
occupies.along the entire shape.

Prism : A 3-dimensional shape that has the same shape (and size) on both ends
the same thickness along the entire shape.
As a final comment with respect to the units of area and volume values in square and
cubic units, even though 1 m = 100 cm, this does not mean that 1 m2 = 100 cm2 or
that 1 m3 = 100 cm3 (or that 1 cm2 = 10 mm2, and so on).

To understand why, consider the following:

1 m3 means
1 m × 1 m × 1 m = 100 cm × 100 cm × 100 cm
1 m3= 1 000 000 cm3

Similarly, 1 cm2 means 1 cm × 1 cm = 10 mm × 10 mm = 100 mm2

Calculations involving volume (Remember the formulae will be given, you must just
substitute!)
Example 5
5. Thomas buys a small fish tank from "Fish World" for R199,99. The dimensions of
the fish tank are 91 cm by 32 cm by 35 cm.

5.1 Calculate the volume of the tank in cm3. (3)

5.2 Convert the volume of the tank into m3. (3)

5.3 Determine how many litres of water will the tank hold when full? (3)
Solutions
5.1 Volume = l x b x h 
= 91 cm x 32 cm x 35 cm
= 101 920 cm3
101 920
5.2 Volume in m3 = 
1 000 000

= 0,102 𝑚3
5.3 1 000 cm3= 1 litre
101 920
Capacity of the tank = 1 000 

= 101,92 litres
Example 6
6. Lebo purchased a cylindrical urn in which she can boil water. The height of the urn is 60 cm and
the radius is 20 cm, as shown below.

Calculate the volume of the water urn. (4)

You may use the formula: Volume of cylinder = π x (radius)2 x height using
𝛱= 3,142.
Solution
6. Radius = diameter/2
= 20/2
=10
Volume = π x (radius)2 x height
= 3,142 (10)2 X 60cm
= 18 852 cm3
 Activity 11
Rainwater falling on the roof of a house can be harvested into a tank as shown below. The tank in the
picture has a diameter of 760 mm and a height of 1,84 m.

11.1 Calculate the volume of the tank to the nearest litre.

You may use; V = area of base x height of cylinder (3)

11.2 The capacity of the tank is advertised as 750 litres.

Explain why this answer is different from the one calculated in 1.1. (2)
water falling on the roof of a house can be harvested from the roof
house into a water tank as shown.
The tank in the picture has a diameter of 760 mm and a
height of 1,84 m.

culate the volume of the tank to the nearest litre. (3)

e capacity of the tank is advertised as 750 litres.

plain why your answer in (a) is different. (2)
 Activity 12
A man is remodeling his garden and decides to create a simple swimming pool. He plans to
dig3.a Arectangular
man is remodelling his garden
hole and line and decides
it with spray- to create a simple swimming pool. He
on cement.
plans
Youtomay
dig use
a rectangular hole and
the following line it Volume
formula: with spray-on cement.
= Length X Breadth X Height

Capacity = 5000 litres

Cap.= 5000 l

3.1 Use the measurements in the diagram alongside to calculate the volume of the
12.1 Usepool.
the measurements in the diagram alongside to calculate the volume of the
pool. (2)
3.2 During the winter, he plans to pump all of the water from the pool into a storage tank
(suchwinter,
12.2 During as thehe one in the
plans to picture
pump allalongside). The
of the water large
from thestorage tank
pool into can hold
a storage 5000litres
tank
of as
(such water. If a full
the one tank
in the was emptied
picture into The
alongside). his pool,
large how hightank
storage wouldcanthe water
hold 5000level be?
litres
Answer in m. (1 m3 = 1 000 (cm3))
of water. If a full tank was emptied into his pool, how high would the water level be?
Answer in metres. (1 m3 = 1 000 (cm3)) (4)
 Activity 13
A Mathematics teacher is making teaching aides for a lesson on measurement. She draws shapes,
paints them and sticks them on the classroom walls. The shape below illustrates one of the teaching
aides.
13.1 A learner uses string to measure the perimeter of the shaded figure. What is the length of the
string used? (2)

13.2 Calculate the area of the shape in m 2

You may use the formula: Area= length X breadth (6)

13.3 She has prepared two of these shapes for the class and paints the shape with 2 coats of paint.
If one litre of paint covers 6,2 m 2. The salesman at the hardware store stated that a 500ml can
is not enough to cover the shapes as needed. Verify, with calculations whether he is correct or not. (7)
[15]
Activity 14
The sketch below shows the wall of a bathroom that needs to be tiled.
 The contractor requires 5% more than the actual space for breakage.
 The walls will be tiled from floor to roof.
 The tile chosen is 30cm by 30cm @ R159 per square meter.

14.1 Calculate the area of the walls to be tiled. (You may use: Area = Length x Breadth) (6)

14.2 Determine approximately how many tiles will be needed for the wall opposite the door. (4)

14.3 Calculate approximately how much will be spent on tiles for the walls of the
entire room if we use the area as a guide. (4)
[14]
 Activity 15
The diagram below shows the layout of a community hall. A couple hire the hall for their wedding
reception. Due to Covid-19 and the safety regulations the space they can use is limited as shown below.
Note:
 Only ¾ of the length of the hall can be used for the function, including the main table which takes up 2m.
 An extra outer radius of 0,7m is added to the tables for more spacing to adhere to the safety and
regulations.
 The diameter of the large table is 1,5 m
 Only four guests per table is allowed
Formula: 𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 = 𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡 × 𝐛𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐝𝐭𝐡
15.1 Determine the length of the hall that can be used for the guests (in m). (2)

15.2 Calculate the area of the hall that is available for use.
You may use: Area = Length x Breadth (3)

15.3 Determine how many guest tables (excluding the main table) can safely fit into the venue. (8)

15.4 Calculate the total number of guests that can be accommodated, if 16 circular tables
will be used to seat the guests. (2)
[15]
Activity 16
Tsidi needs a bookshelf to store her files. She decides to buy a second-hand wooden
bookshelf that has two shelves as illustrated below:

NOTE: Area of rectangle = length x breadth

DIMENSIONS:
Inside width = 162 cm
Total outside height = 80 cm
Inside height of bottom shelf = 40 cm

Use the information above to answer the

questions that follow;

16.1. The top shelf has a thickness of 1,5 cm all around.

16.1.1 Determine A the outside length of the shelf. (3)

16.1.2 Determine B, the inside height of the top shelf if the base of the bottom shelf is 4,5cm. (3)
16.2 The outside height of the bookshelf is 31,496 inches. Determine (rounded to 2 decimal places,
the conversion factor for the height in the form: 1 inch : …..cm. (3)

16.3 Tsidi bought the bookshelf at a discounted price because the backboard (which covers the entire
length and height of the shelf) needed painting. She decides to do the following:
• Remove the backboard
• Paint the board with a single coat of paint
• Paint the front of the board with 2 coats of paint
• Nail the backboard to the bookshelf

16.3.1. Calculate the area of one side of the backboard. (2)

16.3.2. Convert the answer in 6.3.1 to m2 (3)

16.4 One litre of paint covers 6,9 m2. Determine (rounded to two decimal places, The number of
litres of paint needed to paint the backboard completely. (5)

16.5 Tsidi stated that one 500 ml of paint would be enough to paint the backboard completely.
Verify, with calculations whether this statement is valid. (3)
[22]
Activity 17
Use the information provided before to answer the questions that follow:

17.1 Determine which amount of syrup (in teaspoons) would be considered a safe dosage for a child
with mass of 38 lbs. (3)

17.2 Determine the amount of 80 mg tablets that a child weighing 29 kg can drink? (3)

17.3 It was stated that since a 96-pound child can drink 4 of the 160 mg dosage tablets, the
minimum mass (weight) is 90 pounds by which to safely dose a child with an adult tablet
with 500 mg of active ingredient. Verify, by means of calculations whether this statement is
correct. (4)
[10]
Activity 18.
Use the diagram above to answer the questions that follow:

18.1 Determine the height of the water in Option 1, if it is filled right to the top. (2)

18.2 Kwenze stated that Option 2 has exactly two time the capacity of Option 1.
Verify, by means of calculations whether this statement is correct.

You may use the following formulae:

Volume = Length x Breadth x Height

Volume = 3,142 x radius x Height (7)

[9]
Activity 19.
Mr Johnathan and his wife decided to arrange a birthday party for their only daughter.They
purchased a two layered round chocolate cake at a bakery. The diameter of the bottom
layer is 250 mm and the diameter of the top layer is 18 cm.

Below are pictures of a 2-layer cake and a rectangular cardboard box:

NOTE:

Diameter of cake (top layer): 18 cm Diameter

of cake (bottom layer) : 250 mmArea of circle = π × (radius)2

Volume of a rectangular box = ℓ x w x h

where ℓ = length; w = width and h = height
NOTE: 1 inch = 25,4 mm
[From www:corepack.co.za/store/cake]
Refer to the diagram above and answer the questions that follow.
2
19.1 Determine A, the area indicated on the top layer of the chocolate cake in square millimetres (mm ).
Give your answer to the nearest whole millimetres. (5)

19.2 A ribbon will be wrapped around the circumference of the bottom layer cake and must overlap by 50 mm.
Calculate the length of the ribbon in mm.

You may use the formula: Circumference = 2 × π × radius where π = 3,142 (4)
3
19.3 The volume of the rectangular cardboard box is 42 000 cm . Determine the height of the box in cm. (4)

19.4 Mr Johnathan’s cousin in England claims that the diameter of the bottom layer cake is more than
10 inches. Verify with the necessary calculation if his claim is valid or not. (4)
19.5 The recipe for the chocolate cake needs flour to sugar in a ratio of 7 : 3.
Determine the number of cups of flour needed if 6 cups of sugar are used. (3)

19.6 Mr Johnathan’s wife plans to bake a similar one-layer chocolate cake for a tea
party. She received the recipe from a friend in the United Kingdom. According to
the recipe, the baking temperature should be at 365 °F (Fahrenheit).

Determine the temperature in degrees Celsius. Give your answer to the nearest
10 degrees Celsius.

You may use the following formula: °C = (°F – 32°) ÷ 1,8 (3)
[23]
 Reference
1. Jenn Content and Activity manual (Measurement), Term 2: 2021
2. DBE Self Study Manual: Booklet 2A of 2021
3. Mathematical Literacy, Grade 12, Paper 2, November 2021
4. Mathematical Literacy, Grade 12, Paper 2, September 2021
5. Mathematical Literacy, Grade 12, Paper 2, June 2022
6. Siyavula : Grade 10 Mathematical Literacy; Pg 286,297 and 310
7. Mindsetlearn, Xsheets 12 -14 (2019)