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13 views

History World

Uploaded by

cgxnqjmfvx
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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2) Factors

General Factors:
• Growth of colonies on unique lines.
• Growth of heterogeneous population and hybrid culture, which was the
result of migratory movement from Britain and other parts of Europe.
• There was gradual economic growth of agriculture, trade and commerce.
• There was growth of shipping industries all this led to prosperity in
colonies.
• There was political development in these colonies under some sort of
representative government.
• The social structure of American colonies was not rigid.
• American were comparatively more open and progressive. The level of
religious freedom was comparatively high than rest of the world.
• Colonies show such development in intellectual field, growth of education,
journalism ans urbanisation.
• there was growth of cities like Boston, New York etc.
• there was growth of universities like Yale university, Princeton University,
Dartmouth University etc.
• This development change the outlook of Americans and Americans became
more awake in an conscious.
• The emergence of thinkers writers and philosophers played an important
role in intellectual development.
• American thinkers were influenced by British thinkers like Thomas Paine,
John rock.
• Thomas Paine was a famous revolutionary writer who played a significant
role and put forward the idea which give stimulus demand of
independence.

Mercantile Policies :

• British government followed mercantile policy.


• According to this policy colonies existed for the benefit of mother
countries.
• The colonies act as cheap provider of Raw Material and use used as
market for finished goods.
• There were series of act were enacted to impose tax on the colonies.

(1) Navigation act:


• A series of navigation act was passed by British parliament to
control the trade of American colonies.
• This app insisted that all the goods both import and export
would be carried in British ships only.
• American colonies were offended by this act.
Lecture 3/6
(2) Molasses act:
• Levied heavy duties on sugar and molasses imported into American
from different parts of world.

(3) Sugar act (1764):


• Tax on sugar force ban of Rum other than Britain.
• This act imposed tax on sugar import.

(4) Stamp act (1765):


• It was a move to tax commercial transaction and associated with tax on
document and legal papers.
• This at required that the people of colonies should purchase and the
printed documents from British authorities.
• Purpose of imposing this act was to rise the revenue from the seven
years war.
• The end of seven years war in 1763 and transfer of Canada from France
to England, removed the French fear from the minds of Americans.
• There was no need to depend on mother country against any possible
attack from French.
• Therefor ‘American colonies decided to face the colonial attitude of
Britain’.
• The purpose was to raise the revenue to clear the word debt. The revenue
was raised to pay the military expense of the colonies.
• Therefore, we see that strong protest against the act was done and due
to which representative of 13 colonies met as Massachusetts and gave the
slogan “no taxation without representation”.
• The slogan was an attack on taxation policy of the British.
• American also threatened to boycott the British product.
• The British government made hasty retreat and repealed it, but insisted on
rights to tax the colonies.

(5) Townshend act (1767):


• This act was in the name of Charles Townshend (British officer).
• This act impose fresh taxes on glass, lead, paper, tea, paint etc. in 1767.
• The American protested against this act on boycotted the British goods.

(6) Tea act (1773):


• The British passed Tea act in 1773.
• Through this taxes were imposed on Tea.
• It was a symbol of show British parliament has right to tax their colonies.
• American showed their protest and this resulted into Boston tea party

Lecture 3/7
• It was very clear that after the fall of Czechoslovakia another target is
Poland.
• Britain and France guaranteed the security of Poland.
• Hitler had non-aggression pact with Soviet union in which it was agreed
that when Germany will attack Poland Soviet union will not came in
between later half of the Poland will be give it to Soviet Union.
• In the invasion on Poland, Germany used a war technique Blitzkrieg
technique (It is newest military strategy which means lightening war, It
involves using fast moving aeroplanes and tanks, followed by massive
infantry forces to take the enemy by surprise).
• Invasion of Poland became the immediate factor for Second World War.

Battle of stalingrad
• In June 1941, Hitler betrayed his agreement with Stalin and attacked
Russia.
• Hitler targeted Stalingrad.
• Hitler wanted to annex Moscow before winter but German forces
started dying because of frigid temperature.
• Finally starving Germans surrendered.

Other events

• In April 1940, Germany captured Denmark and Norway.


• In May 1940, Holland and Belgium were captured and finally Germany
attacked France and captured it.
• After the fall of France, Britain was left alone, so Hitler wanted to attack
Britain by Air.

Entry of U.S.

• In December 1941, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in Hawaii.


• This dragged U.S. into war
• U.S. attacked Japan through atom bomb on 6 August 1945, first atom bomb
on Hiroshima, but Japan still refuse to surrender and finally 9 August 1945,
second atom bomb was dropped on Nagasaki and finally Japan surrender
and Second world war comes to end.

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