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Fuel Chemistry Class 1

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9 views25 pages

Fuel Chemistry Class 1

Uploaded by

nurzahan1002
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1 Fuel Chemistry

Dr. Sameeran Kumar Das


Assistant Professor
Department of Chemistry
Madhab Choudhury College
Barpeta, Assam
RENEWABLE
AND
NON-RENEWABLE
RESOURCES OF ENERGY
What do you think
renewable resources are?

Renewable?

Resource?
RENEWABLE RESOURCES
Renewable resources are natural
resources that can be replenished in a
short period of time.

● Solar
● Water
● Wind
● Geothermal
● Biomass
● Ocean
SOLAR

Energy from the


sun.

Why is energy from


the sun renewable?
Advantages
Solar energy is a renewable resource that doesn't run out. It's also clean, as it doesn't produce
carbon emissions or other greenhouse gases, and it doesn't require as much water as powerplants
that use steam turbines. Solar energy is also abundant, and even a small amount of sunlight can
generate a lot of energy. Solar panels are also low maintenance and can be used in remote locations
where it's not possible to lay power lines.
Limitations
Solar energy does have some limitations, including:
▪ Cost: Solar panels can be expensive to purchase, install, and maintain, and storing solar energy
at night requires expensive batteries.
▪ Weather: Solar panels are dependent on sunlight, so they're less efficient on cloudy or rainy
days, and they can't generate energy at night.
▪ Space: Installing enough solar panels to meet energy needs can require a lot of space.
▪ Availability: Solar energy is only available during the day, and the sun's position changes over
time, so an extraction system may need to adjust to follow the sun.
WATER / HYDROELECTRIC

Energy from the


flow of water.

Why is energy of
flowing water
renewable?
Advantages
▪ Renewable: Hydroelectric energy doesn't require burning fossil fuels, which helps reduce
greenhouse gas emissions and fight climate change.
▪ Low emissions: Hydroelectric power has low to no emissions, unlike diesel and oil plants.
▪ Reliable: Hydroelectric energy is more stable and predictable than solar and wind energy, and
it's not affected by the price of fossil fuels.

Disadvantages
▪ Environmental impact: Building dams for hydroelectric power can alter aquatic habitats, flood
dry areas, and change water quality. It can also require land expropriation, which may lead to
the relocation of local communities.
▪ Vulnerable to droughts: Hydroelectric power generation depends on a steady supply of water, so
droughts and reduced water flow can significantly impact energy output.
▪ Limited availability: There are a limited number of suitable sites for hydroelectric power
generation, and the world is running out of them.
▪ High cost: Hydroelectric power plants can be expensive to build
WIND
Energy obtained
from the wind.

Why is energy
from the wind
renewable?
Advantages
▪ Renewable: Wind is a clean, unlimited, and free resource that's considered environmentally
sustainable.
▪ Cost-effective: Wind energy is one of the most cost-effective sources of electricity, costing only cents
per kilowatt-hour. It also reduces the price volatility of traditional energy sources because its
electricity is supplied at a fixed price over time.
▪ Low maintenance: Wind turbines require relatively low maintenance, with checks every few years.
Limitations
▪ Intermittent: Wind power is intermittent, meaning that turbines can't generate electricity 24/7
because they're reliant on weather. This can lead to higher volatility in the electricity market.
▪ Initial cost: Wind turbines can have a higher initial cost than other renewable energy resources.
▪ Short lifespan: Wind turbines are built to withstand hurricane force winds, but they generally only
work effectively for around 20 years due to the extreme loads they deal with.
▪ Environmental impact: Wind turbines can be noisy and unappealing aesthetically, and can sometimes
adversely impact the physical environment around them.
GEOTHERMAL
Energy from
Earth’s heat.

Why is energy
from the heat of
the Earth
renewable?
Advantages
▪ Renewable and sustainable: Geothermal energy is a renewable energy source that can support economic
sustainability and national energy security in developing countries.
▪ Environmentally friendly: Geothermal energy can have a minimal environmental impact when properly
managed.
▪ Cost-effective: Geothermal energy can be more cost-effective than using fossil fuels for heating buildings.
▪ Reliable: Geothermal energy is a reliable option.
▪ Long-lasting infrastructure: Geothermal heating and cooling systems can last up to 50 years, which is longer
than many other green energy solutions.

Disadvantages
▪ Location-specific: Geothermal energy is mainly used in places that are volcanically active, which limits its use.
▪ High upfront costs: Geothermal energy plants can be expensive to build.
▪ Waste: Geothermal energy can generate waste, including small amounts of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide
that must be captured to prevent pollution.
▪ Earthquakes: In extreme cases, geothermal energy can cause earthquakes.
BIOMASS

Energy from burning


organic or living
matter.

Why is energy from


biomass renewable?
Advantages
Biomass energy is renewable and sustainable when managed responsibly. It can help reduce greenhouse
gases, reduce dependence on imported oil, and reduce waste by converting organic materials into energy.
Biomass energy plants can also use technology to capture and filter out pollutants, which can improve air
quality.
Limitations
Biomass energy has some limitations, including:
▪ High initial costs: Converting biomass into usable energy can be expensive.
▪ Inefficient compared to fossil fuels: Biomass has a low heating value and requires a lot of space to
combust.
▪ Environmental impacts: If not practiced well, biomass energy can lead to deforestation. Proper planning
of crop harvesting and forestry can help preserve natural resources while meeting energy needs.
▪ Storage and transportation: Biomass energy can be difficult to store and transport.
▪ Low energy concentration: Biomass energy has a low energy concentration and its energy utilization is
rather low.
OCEAN
Energy obtained
from the ocean.

Why is energy
from the ocean
renewable?
Changes in salinity, thermal gradients, tidal
currents or ocean waves can be used to
generate electricity - and provide reliable,
sustainable and cost-competitive energy
Advantages
▪ Environmental impact: Ocean energy may help mitigate climate change and there's no evidence that
it negatively impacts the marine environment.
▪ Economic benefits: Developing ocean energy projects can create jobs in manufacturing, installation,
and maintenance, which can stimulate local economies.
▪ Energy efficiency: Some types of ocean energy, like tidal power, have high energy density, which
means less power is wasted when converting kinetic energy into electricity.
▪ Reliability: Wave energy can be more reliable than wind power because waves are always breaking at
the coastline.

Disadvantages
▪ High initial cost: Some types of ocean energy, like tidal power, have high upfront costs due to new
technology.
▪ Limited installation sites: Tidal power can only be installed in certain locations.
▪ Intermittent: Tidal power is only abundant at certain times of day.
▪ Effect on marine life: Some types of ocean energy, like wave power, can affect marine life.
If renewable resources
are resources that can be
re-made at a scale
comparable to its
consumption, what are
non-renewable
resources?
NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES

A non-renewable resource is a natural


resource that cannot be re-made or re-grown
at a scale comparable to its consumption.
NUCLEAR ENERGY
Nuclear fission uses
uranium to create energy.
Nuclear energy is a non-
renewable resource
because once the uranium
is used, it is gone!
COAL, PETROLEUM, AND GAS
Coal, petroleum, and
natural gas are considered
non-renewable because they
can not be replenished in a
short period of time. These
are called fossil fuels.
HOW IS COAL MADE ???
HOW ARE OIL AND GAS MADE ???
HOW ARE OIL AND GAS MADE ???
WHAT WAS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COAL AND
OIL/GAS?
SUMMARY

What are the differences between


nonrenewable and renewable
resources?
25

Thank You

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