Prepared By

Asst.Prof. Mohamed Hamoud

Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering at Helwan, Helwan University
Today Lecture

✓ Part Programming Basics

✓ Part Programming Examples

• Fixed Zero and Floating Zero

• Automated Tool Compensation

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Fixed Zero and Floating Zero

Machine
Zero

Program Zero

Part Zero
Fixed Zero and Floating Zero
Machine Zero: The machine origin is a fixed point set by the
machine tool builder. Usually it cannot be changed. Any tool movement
is measured from this point. The controller always remembers tool
distance from the machine origin.

Program Zero: It is also called home position of the tool.

This can be any point within the workspace of the tool which is
sufficiently away from the part. In most cases, it is a point where tool
change is carried out.

Part Zero: The part origin can be set at any point inside the
machine's electronic grid system. Establishing the part origin is also
known as zero shift, work shift, floating zero or datum. Usually part
origin needs to be defined for each new setup. Zero shifting allows
the relocation of the part.
Fixed Zero and Floating Zero

Fixed Zero: is the origin point of

machine zero itself. This zero is located at
the same location every time using the
machine
Fixed Zero and Floating Zero

Floating Zero: In machines with

floating zero the fixed zero point of the
machine can ignored while programming.

the programmer can select any point as the

part zero without any constraint on the sign
of the programmed dimensions, i.e., in milling
the dimensions in the part program may be
positive as well as negative.
Fixed Zero and Floating Zero

Floating Zero:
Fixed Zero and Floating Zero

Fixed / Floating Zeros:

Fixed Zero and Floating Zero
Example
For the shown part calculate the coordinates
of points 1, 2, and 3 in:
1- Fixed Zero
2- Floating zero at
parts’ center point

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20
Fixed Zero and Floating Zero
Example
For the shown part calculate the coordinates
of points 1, 2, and 3 in:
1- Fixed Zero
Fixed Zero and Floating Zero
Example
For the shown part calculate the coordinates
of points 1, 2, and 3 in:
2- Floating zero at
parts’ center point
Fixed Zero and Floating Zero
Registering floating zero command

In old CNC milling machine the code G92 is

used to define part zero

G92 X…Y…Z…

It can be used to change

the programming zero
at any point in the
program
Fixed Zero and Floating Zero
Registering floating zero command

In new CNC milling machines the codes G53-G59

are used to define part zero
G53-G59 : each one is having a pre-programmed
different part zero can be called while machining
Cutter Radius Compensation
Cutter Radius Compensation
At No Compensation Designed
Contour

Produced
pocket

Produced
profile
The g-code programming usually controls the
position of tool’s center

To enable cutting calculation with respect to

tool side, the radius compensation should

be taken in the consideration

D: Cutter Diameter rc
rc: cutter radius D
Types of Tool Radius Compensation

The programming regarding tool radius

compensation are as follows:

1. Automated Tool Compensation

2. Manual Tool Compensation

1. Automated Tool Compensation
Tool compensation G-Codes
1. Automated tool compensation

At Left compensation
G41
Tool compensation G-Codes
1. Automated tool compensation

Compensation direction

(a) G41 (b) G42

Left to path Right to path

Tool compensation G-Codes
1. Automated tool compensation

Types of Compensation

1. Ramp compensation

2. Parallel compensation
➢ Cutting Tool Compensation
✓ Automatic Cutter Radius Compensation
• Tool length offset
• Manual Cutter Radius Compensation

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G43 :Tool length offset
Tool length offset
• If more than one tool is being used, the first tool is set to zero on all
axis (XYZ). As the X and Y axis are set at the center of the cutter
they will be the same for all subsequent cutters.
• The Z axis zero point will however be different for each tool, being
dependent on the tool length.
Tool length offset
To make life easier the first tool is given an offset (or length) of zero
and subsequent tools are given a positive or negative offset based on
the difference in length from tool No. 1.
Tool length offset
Lets bring the first tool into contact with the work

This means that tool No. 1 has been set to a tool length
of 0
Tool length offset
Now tool 2 is brought into position. Its height is now
compared with Tool No. 1 and the tool length offset
entered in the tool data file. In this case it is -5.5, in other
words the tool No. 2 is 5.5 mm lower than tool No. 1 when
it is in contact with the work.
Tool length offset
Finally the third tool is brought into contact with the work

Once again the difference in height between it and the

first tool is measured. This time the tool is higher than
Tool No. 1 so its offset value is positive.
Tool length offset
Example
T01(used in floating zero adjustment) T02 (another tool)

Length 160 Length 130

mm mm

H= -30 mm

When use T02

(1) Is (-30 mm) from
machine’s database table
N000 G43 H1
Tool length offset
Example Master tool
Tool length offset
Tool length offset
In practice, the tool offsets are set by simple touching each tool in
turn onto the top surface of the workpiece. The top surface of the
workpiece is usually the Z zero. A value is displayed, which is the
distance that the tool is from the zero point. All the setter has to do
is to enter the displayed value into the tool offset data panel and the
offset is set
Tool compensation G-Codes
1. Automated tool compensation
There are 3 different types of tool offset tables

Offset memory Type A

Offset memory Type B

Offset memory Type C

Tool compensation G-Codes
Offset memory Type C

It uses parameter (H) for length and parameter (D)

radius compensations

T05 M06
length T05 new tool

G43 H05

G41 D05
Radius
Example II
Solve the following with auto. tool compensation using
tool of 20 mm diameter at depth 10 mm, S2000, and
F10
Point X Y
1 0 0 3 4
2 0 100
3 50 170 5
4 140 170 2
5 190 120
6 190 40 6
7 150 0
1 7
Example II
Solve the following with auto. tool compensation using
tool of 20 mm diameter at depth 10 mm, S2000, and
F10
Absolute cord. N10 G90 G98
XY plane N20 G17
comp. off N30 G40
Metric units N40 G21 3 4
w.p. floating(0) N50 G54
Go to above 1 N60 G0 X-20 Y-20 Z20
Tool changing N70 T1 M6 G43 H1
1000rmp&feed N80 S1000 F10 M3 5
Dwn to depth 10 at (0) N90 G01 Z-10
2
Ramp Linear to (1) G41 D01 X0 Y0

Linear to (2) N100 Y100

Linear to (3) N110 X50 Y170 6
Linear to (4) N120 X140
CW to(5) N130 G2 X190 Y120 R50 1
Linear to (6) N140 G1 Y40 7
CCW to (7) N150 G3 X150 Y0 R40
Linear to (1) N160 G1 X0
Cancel compensation N170 G40 X-20 Y-20
Out of w.p. to Z=10 N180 Z20
Spindle stop N190 M5 0
End program N200 M2
➢ Cutting Tool Compensation
✓ Automatic Cutter Radius Compensation
✓ Tool length offset
• Manual Cutter Radius Compensation

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