Unit -1: Introduction to AI

1. Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. Which of the following is the main goal of Artificial Intelligence (AI)?

o A) To create machines that can only perform simple tasks

o B) To create machines that can perform tasks requiring human intelligence

o C) To make machines that can only learn from data

o D) To create machines with emotions and feelings

o Answer: B

2. Which of these is a subset of AI focused on creating machines that can learn from experience?

o A) Expert Systems

o B) Machine Learning

o C) Natural Language Processing

o D) Robotics

o Answer: B

3. In AI, what does NLP stand for?

o A) Neural Logic Processing

o B) Natural Language Processing

o C) Networked Learning Programming

o D) None of the above

o Answer: B

4. Which algorithm is commonly used for supervised learning in machine learning?

o A) K-Means

o B) Decision Trees

o C) Genetic Algorithms

o D) Reinforcement Learning

o Answer: B
 5. Which of the following is an example of AI application?

o A) Self-driving cars

o B) Internet search engines

o C) Chatbots

o D) All of the above

o Answer: D

2. Fill in the Blanks

1. The branch of AI that deals with the creation of intelligent agents that can make decisions is
called ___________.

o Answer: Machine Learning

2. An AI system that mimics human decision-making using a large set of rules is known as
___________.

o Answer: Expert System

3. __________ learning is a type of machine learning where the system learns from the feedback
of its actions in an environment.

o Answer: Reinforcement

4. The AI field that allows machines to understand and process human language is known as
___________.

o Answer: Natural Language Processing (NLP)

5. In AI, the ___________ model is used to represent complex data structures, like decision trees
and graphs.

o Answer: Neural Network

3. True/False

1. AI can only be applied to computing systems, not to physical robots.

o Answer: False

2. Artificial Intelligence can be used to solve real-world problems like medical diagnosis and
fraud detection.

o Answer: True
 3. The primary goal of Machine Learning is to enable computers to learn from data without
explicit programming.

o Answer: True

4. A neural network is inspired by the human brain, where each "neuron" connects to others
through weighted connections.

o Answer: True

5. Artificial Intelligence can only be used in specific industries such as healthcare and banking,
and not in everyday life.

o Answer: False

4. 2-Mark Questions

1. What is Artificial Intelligence? Explain in brief.

o Answer: Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in

machines that are programmed to think and learn. It involves the creation of algorithms
and models that allow machines to perform tasks that usually require human
intelligence, such as problem-solving, decision-making, speech recognition, and learning.

2. Explain the difference between supervised and unsupervised learning.

o Answer: In supervised learning, the machine learns from labeled data, where the input
and output are provided. The algorithm is trained to predict the output based on the
input data. In unsupervised learning, the machine learns from data without labels, and
the goal is to find hidden patterns or structures in the data.

3. What is an Expert System?

o Answer: An Expert System is an AI program that simulates the decision-making ability of

a human expert in a specific domain. It uses a knowledge base and inference rules to
provide solutions or recommendations for complex problems.

4. Describe one real-world application of Natural Language Processing (NLP).

o Answer: One real-world application of NLP is in virtual assistants like Siri or Alexa. These
systems use NLP to process and understand human speech and convert it into
commands that the system can act upon.

5. What is the role of a "training dataset" in Machine Learning?

o Answer: A training dataset is used to teach a machine learning model. It contains

labeled data (input-output pairs), which the model uses to learn and identify patterns,
enabling it to make predictions on new, unseen data.
5. 4-Mark Questions

1. Discuss the various types of learning in AI.

o Answer: There are three main types of learning in AI:

1. Supervised Learning: The model is trained on labeled data, with clear input-
output pairs. It learns to map inputs to correct outputs (e.g., regression and
classification).

2. Unsupervised Learning: The model is trained on unlabeled data, where the

system tries to find hidden patterns or groupings (e.g., clustering and
dimensionality reduction).

3. Reinforcement Learning: The model learns by interacting with an environment

and receiving feedback in the form of rewards or penalties. The goal is to
maximize the cumulative reward over time (e.g., robotics and game playing).

2. Explain how Neural Networks are used in AI.

o Answer: Neural networks in AI are inspired by the structure of the human brain and
consist of layers of interconnected neurons (nodes). These networks are trained using
data, and the weights of the connections between neurons are adjusted to minimize
errors in predictions. Neural networks are widely used in deep learning applications such
as image recognition, natural language processing, and speech recognition.

3. What is the Turing Test? How does it relate to AI?

o Answer: The Turing Test, proposed by Alan Turing, is a measure of a machine's ability to
exhibit intelligent behavior indistinguishable from that of a human. In the test, an
evaluator interacts with both a human and a machine without knowing which is which,
and if the evaluator cannot distinguish the machine from the human based on
responses, the machine is considered to have passed the Turing Test. It remains a classic
test of AI's ability to mimic human-like intelligence.

4. What are the challenges faced by AI in real-world applications?

o Answer: Some key challenges faced by AI include:

1. Data Quality and Quantity: AI models require large amounts of high-quality

data to function effectively, and obtaining such data can be difficult.

2. Bias and Fairness: AI systems may inherit biases from training data, leading to
unfair decisions or predictions.

3. Interpretability: Many AI models, especially deep learning models, are

considered "black boxes," meaning their decision-making process is not easily
understandable, which can be problematic in high-stakes fields like healthcare.
 4. Computational Resources: Training advanced AI models often requires
significant computational power, making it expensive and inaccessible for
smaller organizations.

5. Describe the role of AI in Robotics.

o Answer: AI plays a crucial role in robotics by enabling robots to perform tasks

autonomously or semi-autonomously. It helps robots with perception (through
computer vision and sensors), decision-making (using algorithms and planning), and
learning (through reinforcement and other machine learning techniques). Applications
include industrial automation, healthcare robotics (e.g., surgical robots), and
autonomous vehicles.

Assertion-Reasoning Questions:

1. Assertion: Artificial Intelligence (AI) can perform specific tasks more accurately than humans,
such as diagnosing diseases from medical images. Reason: AI can process large amounts of data
in a short period and recognize patterns that may not be visible to humans.

Options:

A) Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

B) Both assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

C) The assertion is true, but the reason is false.

D) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.

Answer: A) Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the
assertion.

2. Assertion: Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence (AI) that focuses on building
algorithms that allow systems to learn from data. Reason: Machine learning models improve
their performance with experience, similar to how humans learn from practice.

Options:

A) Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

B) Both assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

C) The assertion is true, but the reason is false.

D) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.

Answer: A) Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the
assertion.
 3. Assertion: AI systems are less efficient than humans in performing tasks that require common
sense reasoning. Reason: AI lacks the ability to understand the broader context of everyday
situations and make decisions based on intuition.

Options:

A) Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

B) Both assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

C) The assertion is true, but the reason is false.

D) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.

Answer: A) Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the
assertion.

4. Assertion: In supervised learning, the machine is trained with labeled data to predict outcomes.
Reason: In supervised learning, the data is unlabeled, and the model has to find patterns by
itself.

Options:

A) Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

B) Both assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

C) The assertion is true, but the reason is false.

D) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.

Answer: C) The assertion is true, but the reason is false.

5. Assertion: Ethical considerations are crucial when developing AI technologies. Reason: AI

systems can unintentionally perpetuate biases, leading to unfair outcomes in sensitive areas
such as hiring and law enforcement.

Options:

A) Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

B) Both assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

C) The assertion is true, but the reason is false.

D) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.

Answer: A) Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the
assertion.