Scribd
Upload
55 views

Experiment 7 _ Plane Table by Rediation

Uploaded by

akshitas0806
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
55 views

Experiment 7 _ Plane Table by Rediation

Uploaded by

akshitas0806
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Name of Experiment: Plane table survey by Radiation method.

Aim of Experiment: Locating given object by plane table surveying using Rediation
method.

Equipment required: Plane table Alidade for sighting, plumbing fork and plumb bob,
Spirit level, Compass, Drawing paper

Fig 1. Plane table and its accessories.


Theory
Radiation
In this method, the instrument is setup at a station and rays are drawn to various stations
which
are to be plotted. The distances are cut to a suitable scale after actual linear measurements on
the ground is taken.

Procedure:

Three operations are needed

Fixing
Fixing the table to the tripod.

Setting
(i) Levelling the table (ii) Centring (iii) Orientation.

Levelling
For small-scale work, levelling is done by estimation. For work of accuracy, an ordinary
spirit level may be used. The table is levelled by placing the level on the board in two
positions at right angles and getting the bubble central in both directions. For more precise
work, a Johnson Table or Coast Survey Table may be used.
Centring
The table should be so placed over the station on the ground that the point plotted on the
sheet corresponding to the station occupied should be exactly over the station on the ground.
The operation is known as centring the plane table. As already described, this is done by
using a plumbing fork.
Orientation
Orientation is the process of putting the, plane-table into some fixed direction so that line
representing a certain direction on the plan is parallel to that direction on the ground. This is
essential, condition to be fulfilled when more than one instrument station is to be used. If
orientation is not done, the table will not be parallel to itself at different positions resulting in
an overall distortion of the map. The processes of centring and orientation are dependent on
each other. For orientation, the table will have to be rotated about its vertical axis, thus
disturbing the centring. If precise work requires that the plotted point should be exactly over
the ground point, repeated orientation and shifting of the whole table are necessary.

There are two main methods of orienting the plane table :


(i) Orientation by means of trough compass.
(ii) Orientation by means of back sighting.

Sighting the points


Points are sighted using alidade
ERRORS IN PLANE TABLING:
The degree of precision to be attained in plane tabling depends upon the character of the
survey, the quality of the instrument, the system adopted and upon the degree to which
accuracy is deliberately sacrificed for speed.
The various sources of errors may be classified as:
1. Instrumental Errors: Errors due to bad quality of the instrument.
2. Errors due to manipulation and sighting:
2. These include
a) Non-horizontality of board: The effect of non-horizontality of board is more severe
when the difference in elevation between the points sighted is more.
b) Defective sighting: The accuracy of plane table mapping depends largely upon the
precision with which points are sighted. The plain alidade with open sight is much
inferior to the telescopic alidade in the definition of the line of sight.
c) Defective orientation: Orientation done with compass is unreliable, as there is
every
possibility of local attraction. Erroneous orientation contribute towards distortion of
the survey. This orientation should be checked at as many stations as possible by
sighting distant prominent objects already plotted.
d) Movement of board between sights: Due to carelessness of the observer, the table
may
be disturbed between any two sights resulting in the disturbance of orientation. To
reduce the possibility of such movement the clamp should be firmly applied. It is
always advisable to check the orientation at the end of the observation from a station.

You might also like