Asymptotes

For each function below, determine the equation of the horizontal and vertical asymptotes. If there are
no asymptotes say “NONE”.

1. 𝑓(𝑥) =

Horizontal Asymptotes:
Vertical Asymptotes:

2. 𝑓(𝑥) =
Horizontal Asymptotes:
Vertical Asymptotes:

3. 𝑓(𝑥) =
Horizontal Asymptotes:
Vertical Asymptotes:
4. 𝑓(𝑥) =
Horizontal Asymptotes:
Vertical Asymptotes:

5. 𝑓(𝑥) =
Horizontal Asymptotes:
Vertical Asymptotes:

6. 𝑓(𝑥) =
Horizontal Asymptotes:
Vertical Asymptotes:
7. 𝑓(𝑥) =
Horizontal Asymptotes:
Vertical Asymptotes:

8. 𝑓(𝑥) =
Horizontal Asymptotes:
Vertical Asymptotes:

√
9. 𝑓(𝑥) =
Horizontal Asymptotes:
Vertical Asymptotes:
 √
10. 𝑓(𝑥) =
Horizontal Asymptotes:
Vertical Asymptotes:

√
11. 𝑓(𝑥) =
Horizontal Asymptotes:
Vertical Asymptotes:

√
12. 𝑓(𝑥) =
Horizontal Asymptotes:
Vertical Asymptotes:
 ( )( )
13. 𝑓(𝑥) =
Horizontal Asymptotes:
Vertical Asymptotes:

( )( )
14. 𝑓(𝑥) =
Horizontal Asymptotes:
Vertical Asymptotes:

15. 𝑓(𝑥) =
Horizontal Asymptotes:
Vertical Asymptotes:
16. 𝑓(𝑥) =
Horizontal Asymptotes:
Vertical Asymptotes:

( )
17. 𝑓(𝑥) =
( )
Horizontal Asymptotes:
Vertical Asymptotes:

18. 𝑓(𝑥) =
Horizontal Asymptotes:
Vertical Asymptotes:
19. 𝑓(𝑥) =
Horizontal Asymptotes:
Vertical Asymptotes:

20. 𝑓(𝑥) =

Horizontal Asymptotes:
Vertical Asymptotes:

21. The horizontal and vertical asymptotes of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = are 𝑦 = and
𝑥 = respectively. The value of 𝑎 + 2𝑏 is _______.
 22. (MC) Which of the following functions has a vertical asymptote of 𝑥 = 3 and horizontal
asymptote 𝑦 = 3?
√
I. 𝑦=
II. 𝑦=
III. 𝑦=
a. I only
b. II only
c. I and II only
d. I, II and III

Continuity and Types of Discontinuities.

Determine the values of 𝑥 where the given function is discontinuous and identify the type of
discontinuities at those values of 𝑥.

1. 𝑓(𝑥) =
( )( )

( )( )
2. 𝑓(𝑥) =
( )( )
 ( )
3. 𝑓(𝑥) =

√
4. 𝑓(𝑥) =

√
5. 𝑓(𝑥) =
 √
6. 𝑓(𝑥) =

| |
7. 𝑓(𝑥) =

| |
8. 𝑓(𝑥) =
9. 𝑓(𝑥) =
( )

10. 𝑓(𝑥) =

| |
11. 𝑓(𝑥) =
 | |
12. 𝑓(𝑥) =

𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 ≠ 3
13. 𝑓(𝑥) =
5𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 = 3

, 𝑥 ≠ −2; 𝑥 ≠ −1
( )( )
14. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 = −1
𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 = −2
 3𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 ≤ −3
15. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 4, −3 < 𝑥 ≤ 1
3𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 > 1

𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 < −1
16. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 1, − 1 < 𝑥 ≤ 1
( )
, 𝑥>1

, 𝑥>0 2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏, 𝑥 > 1

17. The two functions 𝑓(𝑥) = and 𝑔(𝑥) = are both continuous
4 + 2𝑏, 𝑥 ≤ 0 4𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 ≤ 1
everywhere. The value of 5(𝑎 + 𝑏) is
Derivatives, Left-Hand Derivative, Right-Hand Derivatives

Find the following or justify why it does not exist.

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = |3𝑥 − 1|
a. 𝑓
b. 𝑓
c. 𝑓′
d. 𝑓′(0)
e. 𝑓′(2)

2. 𝑓(𝑥) = |3 − 2𝑥 |
a. 𝑓
b. 𝑓
c. 𝑓′
d. 𝑓′(2)
e. 𝑓′(−2)
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = |4𝑥 − 1|
a. 𝑓
b. 𝑓
c. 𝑓′
d. 𝑓
e. 𝑓
f. 𝑓′
g. 𝑓′(0)
h. 𝑓′(1)
i. 𝑓′(−1)

4. 𝑓(𝑥) = |(2𝑥 + 3)(1 − 𝑥)|

a. 𝑓′
b. 𝑓′
c. 𝑓′
d. 𝑓′ (1)
e. 𝑓′ (1)
f. 𝑓′(1)
g. 𝑓′(0)
h. 𝑓′(−2)
i. 𝑓′
 2𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 ≤ −1
5. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 𝑥 − 3, −1 < 𝑥 ≤ 1
2𝑥 + 𝑥 − 2, 𝑥 > 1

( ) ( )
a. lim
→
( ) ( )
b. lim
→
( ) ( )
c. lim
→
( ) ( )
d. lim
→
( ) ( )
e. lim
→
( ) ( )
f. lim
→
( ) ( )
g. lim
→
( ) ( )
h. lim
→

2𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 ≤ 1
6. 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 − 1, 1 < 𝑥 ≤ 2
−𝑥 + 2, 𝑥 > 2

( ) ( )
a. lim
→
( ) ( )
b. lim
→
( ) ( )
c. lim
→
( ) ( )
d. lim
→
( ) ( )
e. lim
→
( ) ( )
f. lim
→
( ) ( )
g. lim
→
h. lim 𝑓′(𝑥)
→
i. lim 𝑓′(𝑥)
→
j. lim 𝑓′(𝑥)
→
k. lim 𝑓′(𝑥)
→
 Graph of 𝑓

7. The graph of 𝑓(𝑥) is made up of three line segments and two semi-circles as shown above. Find
the following:
( ) ( )
a. lim
→
( ) ( )
b. lim
→
( ) ( )
c. lim
→
( ) ( )
d. lim
→
( ) ( )
e. lim
→
( ) ( )
f. lim
→
( ) ( )
g. lim
→
( ) ( )
h. lim
→
( ) ( )
i. lim
→
( ) ( )
j. lim
→
k. lim 𝑓′(𝑥)
→
l. lim 𝑓′(𝑥)
→
m. lim 𝑓′(𝑥)
→
n. lim 𝑓′(𝑥)
→
o. lim 𝑓′(𝑥)
→
 Graph of 𝑓

8. (MC) Which of the following is true about the relationship among 𝑓 (−3), 𝑓 (3) and 𝑓 (5)?
a. 𝑓 (3) < 𝑓 (5) < 𝑓′(−3)
b. 𝑓 (−3) < 𝑓 (5) < 𝑓′(3)
c. 𝑓 (3) < 𝑓 (−3) < 𝑓′(5)
d. 𝑓 (5) < 𝑓 (−3) < 𝑓′(3)
Horizontal Tangent Lines and Vertical Tangent Lines

Write the equations of the vertical and horizontal tangent lines of each the function below. Say not if
absent.

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 − 1
Horizontal tangent line:
Vertical tangent line:

2. 𝑓(𝑥) = (2𝑥 − 1)
Horizontal tangent line:
Vertical tangent line:

3. 𝑓(𝑥) = cos(2𝑥) ; (0, 2𝜋)

Horizontal tangent line:
Vertical tangent line:
4. 𝑓(𝑥) = sin(3𝑥) ; (0, 2𝜋)
Horizontal tangent line:
Vertical tangent line:

5. (FR) Given the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 .

a. For the function 𝑓, find the equation of the vertical tangent line.
b. For the function 𝑔, find the equation of the vertical asymptote.
c. Discuss the difference between a vertical tangent line and a vertical asymptote?
6. (FR) Given the function 𝑓(𝑥) = .
a. Find the equation of the horizontal asymptote of 𝑓.
b. Does 𝑓 have a horizontal tangent line? Justify your answer.
c. Using your answer from parts (a) and (b). What is the difference between a horizontal
asymptote and a horizontal tangent line?

9. The line 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 1 is parallel to the line tangent to 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 1 at 𝑥 = 2. Find the value of
𝑎 and find the equation of the line tangent to 𝑓 at 𝑥 = 2.
10. A line with a 𝑦-intercept of 2 is tangent to the function 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥. Find the equation of the line.

11. The lines tangent to the function 𝑓(𝑥) = are perpendicular to the line 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 5. Find the
equations of the tangent lines.
Chain Rule

A. For each function, find the equation of the tangent line and the normal line at the indicated value of
𝑥.

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 2𝑥 ; 𝑥 =

2. 𝑔(𝑥) = cot 3𝑥 ; 𝑥 =

3. 𝑓(𝑥) = √−2𝑥; 𝑥 = −8
4. 𝑔(𝑥) = √𝑥 + 1; 𝑥 = √3

5. 𝑓(𝑥) = ; 𝑥 = −1

6. 𝑔(𝑥) = ; 𝑥 = −1
7. 𝑓(𝑥) = √2𝑥 + 7𝑥 − 1; 𝑥 = 1

8. 𝑔(𝑥) = − √8 − 𝑥 ; 𝑥 = 2

9. 𝑓(𝑥) = √2𝑥 + 7𝑥 − 1; 𝑥 = 0
 10. 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 16; 𝑥 = −2

B. Find at the indicated values of 𝑥.

1. 𝑦 = 𝑥 cos 𝑥 ; 𝑥 = 𝜋

2. 𝑦 = 𝑥 sin 𝑥 ; 𝑥 = √𝜋
 3. 𝑦 = cos (−𝜋cos 𝑥) ; 𝑥 = 𝜋

4. 𝑦 = sin ( sec 𝑥 ) ; 𝑥 = 0

C. For each function, find the equation of the tangent line and the normal line at the indicated value of
𝑥.

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = − sec ;𝑥 = 9
√
2. 𝑔(𝑥) = tan ;𝑥 = 4
√

3. 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝜋 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ;𝑥 = 4

4. 𝑔(𝑥) = cos −𝜋 sin ;𝑥 = 2

 5. 𝑓(𝑥) = sin cos(2𝑥) ; 𝑥 = 0

6. 𝑔(𝑥) = cos 𝜋 sec ; 𝑥=𝜋

D. For each function, find the equation of the tangent line and the normal line at the indicated value of
𝑥.

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = cos(2𝑥) tan(3𝑥) ; 𝑥 =

2. 𝑔(𝑥) = cot(𝑥 ) cos(4𝑥 ); 𝑥 =

3. 𝑓(𝑥) = ;𝑥 = 4
( √ )

4. 𝑓(𝑥) = cos ;𝑥 = 1
5. 𝑓(𝑥) = sin ;𝑥 = 1
E. The graph of the function 𝑓 is given above. Find the equation of the tangent and normal lines to the
following functions at the indicated value of 𝑥. (Level 4)

1. 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓(2𝑥 + 1) ⋅ 𝑓 ;𝑥 =2

2. 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓 ;𝑥 =2

( )
3. 𝑔(𝑥) = ;𝑥 = 1
√
F. The graphs of the function 𝑓 and 𝑔 are given above. Find the equation of the tangent and normal lines
to the following functions at the indicated value of 𝑥. (Level 5)

( )⋅
1. ℎ(𝑥) = ( )
;𝑥 =2
 ( )
2. ℎ(𝑥) = ( )
;𝑥 = 2
 𝑥 ℎ ℎ′
−1 3 -3
1 2 3
2 4 5

G. The graphs of the function 𝑓 and 𝑔 and the table of ℎ and ℎ at selected values are given above. Find
the equation of the tangent and normal lines to the following functions at the indicated value of 𝑥.
(Level 6)
( )
1. 𝑗(𝑥) = ℎ ( )
;𝑥 = 2
 ( )
2. 𝑗(𝑥) = ; 𝑥=1
( ) ( )
 Note If f x ax't is a rationalfunction then
bant
i y g is a horizontalasymptote if men
ii y o x axis is a horizontalasymptote if men
Asymptotes iii f has no horizontalasymptote if m n
For each function below, determine the equation of the horizontal and vertical asymptotes. If there are
no asymptotes say “NONE”.

1. 𝑓(𝑥) =

Horizontal Asymptotes: y L
Vertical Asymptotes:

HH x to
x2 I

ji
3 112 2 2 3 1i 8 x2 I Ixth x it
x2 2 2 3 1 XH 2 11
HI 22
2 1 0
y I

2. 𝑓(𝑥) =
Horizontal Asymptotes:
Vertical Asymptotes: x 113
HA x to it
6 2 x z
9
111 4 31 i 8 3 2 3 1
6 2
e
p g
x 3
g g g pen 3 2
I
3. 𝑓(𝑥) =
Horizontal Asymptotes:
Vertical Asymptotes: I 3 X t
H1
3 5
É 3 2 2 1

632 time a'x Den

3 2 0 or x
3
time 4 ay o or x t
g g
4. 𝑓(𝑥) =
Horizontal Asymptotes:
Vertical Asymptotes: x
3 x t
HA x to VA fix IN
9 17 6 2775 2 8
Den 32 gist 3 2 0 or x
3
tiny 6 2 Info b'x 34
2 1 0 or a t
y o

5. 𝑓(𝑥) =
Horizontal Asymptotes: y o
Vertical Asymptotes:
x 7,5197

Ex 1
Y time 622 4 2 8 6 2 7 2

time 552 limo a'x Den

7 I 49 41671 2
y o
x 7,5197

6. 𝑓(𝑥) =
Horizontal Asymptotes:
y o
Vertical Asymptotes: 413
HA x to

9 12 4 3 453 1

time 9th time 3 x Den 3 4

y o 12

fat to x gt
ID o x I
7. 𝑓(𝑥) =
Horizontal Asymptotes: NONE
Vertical Asymptotes:

HA x In VA fix IN
62 x 1 i
y tiny 3 1 8 62 x I 3 1112 1
3 3 1

time time2x ta
Num 32 t
2
i
f has no horizontalasymptote

8. 𝑓(𝑥) =
Horizontal Asymptotes: NONE
Vertical Asymptotes:
s
HA
lox x 2 x 2 5 2162
ye lime 3 1
lox 11
m
Num 52 2 5
to's fine
f has no horizontalasymptote
or
fix
to x t
9. 𝑓(𝑥) =
√
In o x
5
Horizontal Asymptotes:
Vertical Asymptotes:

HA x to VA fix to

Flint 2 I 2

Iii hiii at
o or
y
flxl a
ftp
y o
 √
10. 𝑓(𝑥) =
Horizontal Asymptotes:
Vertical Asymptotes:
É
HA x a VA fix a

fire it 8 it
III IET gs
y 0
or
y o fat a
M III
√
11. 𝑓(𝑥) =
Horizontal Asymptotes:
Vertical Asymptotes:
É A fix to
HA x to

lines 512 i g
5 2 0 x
x'Ein Ingi.gg
0 or
y
a
ftp.flxl
√
12. 𝑓(𝑥) =
Horizontal Asymptotes:
y It
Vertical Asymptotes: x 512

HA x In VA fix IN
x2 1
y lined.dz If i 8 2 5

the É d 2 5 0
Y line Y III É or
fat
a X
Et
fly a x Ez
 ( )( )
13. 𝑓(𝑥) =
Horizontal Asymptotes:
Vertical Asymptotes: x

HA x IN VA fix IN
3 1 2 1
Y life 5 2 i 8 3 11 2 1
5 2
Y
Lying Iffy
5 2 0
g x

to x soft
ftp.g.flx a x 25
( )( )
14. 𝑓(𝑥) =
Horizontal Asymptotes: NONE
Vertical Asymptotes: x 12
HA X M ya fix it.o

infamy
5 1 2 1
4 2

5 1 2 11 t
f has no horizontalasymptote att 2 1
since 15 1 22 1
1 4
as x to
14 520 2 1 0
x
t
I
15. 𝑓(𝑥) =
Horizontal Asymptotes:
Vertical Asymptotes: x o

HA x IN YA fix to

lim f i cost oscillatesbetween

x I and I x
O x o and when x 0 cos0 1
9 0 is a horizontalasymptote i x o is a vertical asymptote
or
o x o
Insco o x o
 16. 𝑓(𝑥) =
Horizontal Asymptotes:
Vertical Asymptotes: NIE
HA x In VA fix IN

lim si i sinxoscillatesbetween sinx

x In 1 and I
y
0 is a horizontalasymptote
II sin p
9
since
dig sin to or or

4 0 is not averticalasymptote

( )
17. 𝑓(𝑥) =
( )
Horizontal Asymptotes:
Vertical Asymptotes: I
HA x In VA fix IN
7 0
lim Sin x2
x
y x at o x
sin x2 x
x2 x to xx to
fig x x 11 q x xxl
sin iiix2 x oscillates sine l t t fix a
a
between 1 and t fins xx x I
fling
dim x a

I C Iii x l is a vertical
asymptote
1 whois not to or a
18. 𝑓(𝑥) =
i x 0 is not a verticalasymptoteIii
Horizontal Asymptotes:
Vertical Asymptotes: 7
0
HA x In VA fix IN

sin2x 0
i

Sir
x
y lim o x2
to 0
sincesinaxoscillatesbetween
I and l y
x o is a verticalasymptote
19. 𝑓(𝑥) =
Horizontal Asymptotes:
Vertical Asymptotes:

HA x In VA fix IN
ex
y limto a ti E to ex
2x
I E o
2 o for all X EIR
e
since as x s o so

y o is a horizontalasymptote

20. 𝑓(𝑥) =

Horizontal Asymptotes:
Vertical Asymptotes: No É
HA x IN VA fix IN

e 2x 3
y limto g
eh tito e o
3 x e

Is E to
ex o for all x EIR

21. The horizontal and vertical asymptotes of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = are 𝑦 = and
𝑥 = respectively. The value of 𝑎 + 2𝑏 is _______.

HorizontalAsymptote y 5 35 or a
Fb
Vertical Asymptote X
E 5 2 is a factor of bx2 x 2 but not
of ax2tx I
p 2157 b x x 21 z d
6 2 x 1
0 241 3 2 a 40
4b t 10 50 0
g g
t
46 40 6141251
E 1
b 10
Is 0
5 2 is not a factorof
axe x I
 22. (MC) Which of the following functions has a vertical asymptote of 𝑥 = 3 and horizontal
asymptote 𝑦 = 3?
lim Fat
E
√
I. 𝑦= I
to x z II fins 0
II. 𝑦=
y o a Horizontalasymptote
III. 𝑦= I Y 3 a Horizontalasymptote
a. I only
x I 3 a Verticalasymptotes
b. II only
c. I and II only III y 0 Horizontalasymptote
d. I, II and III x 3 Verticalasymptote

Continuity and Types of Discontinuities.

Determine the values of 𝑥 where the given function is discontinuous and identify the type of
discontinuities at those values of 𝑥.

1. 𝑓(𝑥) =
( )( )

f is discontinuous at x 1 and x 2

f has a removablediscontinuityat x 1

f has an infinite discontinuity at 7 2

( )( )
2. 𝑓(𝑥) =
( )( )

X I
I

f is discontinuous at x t and x 1

f has a removablediscontinuityat x t
f has an infinite discontinuity at x l
 ( )
3. 𝑓(𝑥) =

6 2 11 3 1 Iq
62 7 3
3 17 2 31 32 13
3 17 2 3 Eg
2 3
2 3

f is discontinuous at x I and 3g
f has a removablediscontinuityat X 3
f has an infinite discontinuity at 7 3
√
4. 𝑓(𝑥) =

f is discontinuousat x 1

f has an infinite discontinuity at x 1

√
5. 𝑓(𝑥) =

f is discontinuousat x Il
f hasinfinite discontinuities at x It
 √
6. 𝑓(𝑥) =

10 2 3 1 15 11 2x til

f is discontinuous at x
it and x t
f hasinfinite discontinuities at x I and x t

| | 73 1 I
7. 𝑓(𝑥) =
Y 351 1 X I
f Y isundefined
lim fat l fix 1
x 115 fig
f is discontinuous at x 3
f has a jumpdiscontinuity at x 3

2 11 I
t
t
x
8. 𝑓(𝑥) =
| |
at 3 2 3
2 1
2 17 2 3 213 x t
4 2 4 3
f 1 2 isundefined f 314 is undefined
fax say
lim f x B I É 3 0 x I
I a
verticalasymptote
tiff 11 13 y
f isdiscontinuous at x t and x 3
f has a jumpdiscontinuityat x t
f has an infinite discontinuity at x
9. 𝑓(𝑥) =
( )

I lim sin 2x i 8 fine sixty

x o x
xoxth No

f has discontinuities at in 1
Limo y't o x
to x I

fhas an infinite discontinuity

f has a removable at x 1
discontinuity at 0

10. 𝑓(𝑥) =

3x x 11 0
Limo flat
x si
x 0 x I
lim cost
f is discontinuous at to.IE
o and 7 1 to A o o a t
f
x
a x ot to x it

fhas infinitediscontinuities at x o and x 1

| |
11. 𝑓(𝑥) =
I

1
5 I 3 1
man
x I sin 3 1
Ting
f isdiscontinuous at
f has a jumpdiscontinuity at x
3
 | |
12. 𝑓(𝑥) =
tingling s since x o

3 1 0 X 3 F ling
sinesx p sin 3 1 o
3x 1
f has a discontinuity at
fhas a removablediscontinuity at

13. 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 ≠ 3 at 9th g
5𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 = 3 5637 1 16

3
f 3 16
32 1 19
Iif f x
33

f has a discontinuity at x 3

f has a removablediscontinuity at 3
since f 3 t lim f x
x 3
, 𝑥 ≠ −2; 𝑥 ≠ −1
( )( )
14. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 = −1
𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 = −2

x 2 x 1
ff 2 471 5 f 1 2 1 7
x att
12 x 2 att tiny fat it I
x z
INo x at f is continuous at x I
f has a discontinuity at x 2
fhasaninfinite discontinuity at x 2
 3𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 ≤ −3
15. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 4, −3 < 𝑥 ≤ 1
3𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 > 1

3 x I

f 3 3 97 6 1 22 f 11 2 4 6
2 4
Him 3 2 2 1 319 6 1 22 Ling 2 2 14 6

fine fix 2191 4 22 11,43 11 3 7 4

f iscontinuous at a 3
f is discontinuous at x 1
f has ajumpdiscontinuity at x 1

𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 < −1
16. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 1, − 1 < 𝑥 ≤ 1
( )
, 𝑥>1

x I
X 1 f 1 undefined fly 2 3 1 6
7 1 0
Liz f
att x f
fine i 6

2 2 3 1 2 3 1 0 since n 6
Him Ing x 1
is discontinuous at y y f is continuous at X l
f has a removablediscontinuity at x 1
, 𝑥>0 2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏, 𝑥 > 1
17. The two functions 𝑓(𝑥) = and 𝑔(𝑥) = are both continuous
4 + 2𝑏, 𝑥 ≤ 0 4𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 ≤ 1
everywhere. The value of 5(𝑎 + 𝑏) is

g i
f il ftp.fcxl fingf x Ling gal digged
fly tax
tt b
4 26 Ling sing
5 Zach t b
4 2b a
sat b 5 s
La t b 5
214 26 t b 5
5b 5 8 b It
b
j 5 atb 5 3
a 4 2 7 11
a
Derivatives, Left-Hand Derivative, Right-Hand Derivatives

Find the following or justify why it does not exist.

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = |3𝑥 − 1|
a. 𝑓 3
b. 𝑓 3
c. 𝑓′ doesnotexist since fi 1131 I fi 1131
d. 𝑓′(0)
e. 𝑓′(2)

3 1 x I
f x
3 1 X 23

f xl
X I
I I

f 113 3

2. 𝑓(𝑥) = |3 − 2𝑥 |
a. 𝑓
2
b. 𝑓 2
c. 𝑓′ doesnotexist since
d. 𝑓′(2)
fi 3121 I filed
e. 𝑓′(−2) Iz
f is continuous onC o o

3 2x x 22
f x
2 3 x z 32

X s z
f x
3 x
E
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = |4𝑥 − 1|
a. 𝑓 81427 4
b. 𝑓 8 12 4
c. 𝑓′ doesnot exist since f 12 f 12
d. 𝑓 8C 1121 4
e. 𝑓 8 121 4
f. 𝑓′ doesnotexist since fi 112 f 12
g. 𝑓′(0) 8107 0
h. 𝑓′(1)
i. 𝑓′(−1) I s

1 4 2 1 4 22 o 2 1 2x 1
f x
4 2 1 4 2 120

1 42 I
it
xL
t
II 4 2 1 E or X 2 t is continuous on c
XE t g g
87 I L XL t
t Nt
on

4. 𝑓(𝑥) = |(2𝑥 + 3)(1 − 𝑥)| I 2 2 x 31

a. 𝑓′
413127 1 5
b. 𝑓′
41321 1 5
c. 𝑓′ doesnotexistsince f 32 I 32
d. 𝑓′ (1) 4 17 7 5
e. 𝑓′ (1) 4111 1 5
f. 𝑓′(1) does
notexistsince ft I f 1
g. 𝑓′(0)
h. 𝑓′(−2)
iii1
i. 𝑓′ 41 47 I 0

3tt 3i
2x 3 I x
ex
EI'xz
4 11 322 I a i
f x
4 1 x 22 or X 1 f is continuous at x l and x
3
 2𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 ≤ −1
5. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 𝑥 − 3, −1 < 𝑥 ≤ 1 F is continuous on a a
2𝑥 + 𝑥 − 2, 𝑥 > 1 2 L l
f x1 oxy
a. lim
( ) ( ) ox ti IE
→

iii ii
b. lim
→
( ) ( )
FIC 1 2
( ) ( )
c. lim
→ f 1 DHEsince ft c il I f Ell
( ) ( )
d. lim
→
( ) ( )
e. lim 66172 1 7
→ f i
( ) ( )
lim
f.
→ f I 7
( ) ( )
g. lim
f 2 6 212 1 25
→
( ) ( )
h. lim 6 o t1
→ f o 1

2𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 ≤ 1 f is continuous on C o 27and on 2,0

6. 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 − 1, 1 < 𝑥 ≤ 2 f is notcontinuous at x 2
−𝑥 + 2, 𝑥 > 2

( ) ( ) fix I a
a. lim
→
( ) ( )
Ff i 4 2x X 2
b. lim
→ f I 4
( ) ( )
c. lim
→ f i 4
( ) ( )
d. lim
→ f 2 4
( ) ( )
e. lim 2 DNE
→
( ) ( )
ft
f. lim 2 DNE
→ f
( ) ( )
g. lim
→ f o 4107 0
h. lim 𝑓′(𝑥)
i.
→
lim 𝑓′(𝑥)
lift 4 4
→ Him 47 411 4
lim 𝑓′(𝑥)
fig 4
j. 4
→
k. lim 𝑓′(𝑥)
→ Him 271 2 2 4
 fill F I
fit

f o

Graph of 𝑓

7. The graph of 𝑓(𝑥) is made up of three line segments and two semi-circles as shown above. Find
the following:
1 H
a. lim
→
( ) ( )
F i 0 11251 3,22 1
( ) ( )
b. lim
→ F 2 DME d
( ) ( )
c.
→
lim
FIL Z INE F x1 242 1,0 as x 2
( ) ( ) 2
lim
d.
→ f C 2 DME
e. lim
→
( ) ( )
F 2 DME tinyF x a
( ) ( )
f. lim
fix It
→
( ) ( )
I x 3.12
g. lim
→ f o DME 6 2x 2
( ) ( ) F X
2 ax x2 as x 2t
h. lim
→
( ) ( )
ft 4 DME 8,0
i. lim f 4 DME
→
( ) ( )
j. lim
→ f o DME
k. lim 𝑓′(𝑥) DME CAI
→
l. lim 𝑓′(𝑥)
→ PNE CA
m. lim 𝑓′(𝑥) DME
→ C DI
n. lim 𝑓′(𝑥) I
→
o. lim 𝑓′(𝑥)
→
 f't f I
f o

f to

Graph of 𝑓

8. (MC) Which of the following is true about the relationship among 𝑓 (−3), 𝑓 (3) and 𝑓 (5)?
a. 𝑓 (3) < 𝑓 (5) < 𝑓′(−3) OL 112L I
b. 𝑓 (−3) < 𝑓 (5) < 𝑓′(3)
c. 𝑓 (3) < 𝑓 (−3) < 𝑓′(5) oh I 4 12
d. 𝑓 (5) < 𝑓 (−3) < 𝑓′(3) I
Horizontal Tangent Lines and Vertical Tangent Lines

Write the equations of the vertical and horizontal tangent lines of each the function below. Say not if
absent.

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 − 1
Horizontal tangent line: not
Vertical tangent line: 4 1

23 nosolution
f x 3X 1 il
x ya
O
no horizontaltangent line

f DNE when X I E Domf

X l is a verticaltangentline

2. 𝑓(𝑥) = (2𝑥 − 1)
Horizontal tangent line: not
Vertical tangent line: not

f no solution
x
3 2x 1 z 0
no horizontaltangent line

f x lim 4 t 4
fig x I 312 1143
o
o
II 312 143
to

no verticaltangent line since ling f txt to on him f ly t o

Note If Lingfix o andhim f x to or vice versa x a is a cusp
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = cos(2𝑥) ; (0, 2𝜋)
Horizontal tangent line:
4 1 y 1
Vertical tangent line: not

f x 2sin 2x 0 1 Oc XC 2K O 2x at
2x IT 21T 31T

fan cos
fx cos2x 1 when2x it 31T
are horizontaltangentlines off

finnaF'Cal E R for all a EIR

i noverticaltangentline
4. 𝑓(𝑥) = sin(3𝑥) ; (0, 2𝜋)
Horizontal tangent line:
Vertical tangent line: not

f x 300537 0 3X E 10 GT
iii
six 2Mt it n 0 I i 5

fx s in zx 1 when 3
Mt it n 1 35

InsafCal E R for all a EIR

i no verticaltangentline

5. (FR) Given the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 .

a. For the function 𝑓, find the equation of the vertical tangent line.
b. For the function 𝑔, find the equation of the vertical asymptote. x O
c. Discuss the difference between a vertical tangent line and a vertical asymptote?

g
f isundefinedat X o O

23 x 213
III
Ying3 Ii 0 is a verticalasymptote of g

0 is a verticaltangent line
op

Thefunction f has a verticaltangentline x a if f is continuous at a a

and f x gives tf N 0
VerticalAsymptote x a
Thefunction f has a verticalasymptote x a if f is discontinuous at x a
and flat gives N 0
 continuous

6. (FR) Given the function 𝑓(𝑥) = .

a. Find the equation of the horizontal asymptote of 𝑓.
y I
b. Does 𝑓 have a horizontal tangent line? Justify your answer.
c. Using your answer from parts (a) and (b). What is the difference between a horizontal
asymptote and a horizontal tangent line?

lim at t is a horizontalasymptote
to 2 1 I Y I
2 1 I XT1 21 E Dom f
f x 1254132 f DNE when x
2 112
no horizontaltangent line

c HorizontalAsymptote
The function f has a horizontalasymptote if tinyflat exists or
line x exists

Horizontaltangentline
The function f has a horizontaltangentline if thereexists a suchthat
f txt 0

9. The line 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 1 is parallel to the line tangent to 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 1 at 𝑥 = 2. Find the value of
𝑎 and find the equation of the line tangent to 𝑓 at 𝑥 = 2.

y 3 1 11 TL to f My 3 f z

f x Lax f 2 za 21 4a 3
a YE
f 2 34121 1 4

Equationof Tangent line

Y 4 3 x 2
10. A line with a 𝑦-intercept of 2 is tangent to the function 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥. Find the equation of the line.

not a
TangentLine to f y mx 2 t O
Ito f G INE
Igf x1 to
f 4 at m to f
reject x 0

Atthepointoftangency
At X 16 f 6
i 1 4 my
m xt 2 Tx K
I
Also
y txt 2
M
É
Fx Equation oftangent line
1
fry X t 2
X t 48T 2X
4Fx X
y 4 f x 16 or y Fx 2

167 X2
x 16 X 0 x 0 or x 16
11. The lines tangent to the function 𝑓(𝑥) = are perpendicular to the line 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 5. Find the
equations of the tangent lines.

3 24 5 1 TL'sto f
m 32 My 3 f x at thepoint of
tangency
F x
EE 25
2 3
x IB

f B Fg ff B 3

Equations of Tangent Lines

y 33 3 x V3

y 33 3 x 53
Chain Rule

A. For each function, find the equation of the tangent line and the normal line at the indicated value of
𝑥.

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 2𝑥 ; 𝑥 = f E sin 4 E

f x 200527

f 25 2Cos
4 2 I 1 my my 1

Equation ofTangentLine Equation ofNormalLine

25
y BE 1 x
y E I x 4

2. 𝑔(𝑥) = cot 3𝑥 ; 𝑥 =
g 441 cot37 I

x 3CSC3X
g

g I 3Csc 341 3 2

6 my my to
Equation ofTangentLine Equation ofNormalLine

y 1 6 x
Ig y I f x

3. 𝑓(𝑥) = √−2𝑥; 𝑥 = −8 f 8 56 4
2 I
f x
2 2x V 24
F 8
If I Mt my 4

Equation ofTangentLine Equation ofNormalLine

y 4 F x 8 Y 4 4 x 8
4. 𝑔(𝑥) = √𝑥 + 1; 𝑥 = √3
gB 51 2

g x
21 Ftl
2
g x
WII E my ma

Equation ofTangentLine Equation ofNormalLine

y 2 3 x 53 y 2 37 X 53

5. 𝑓(𝑥) = ; 𝑥 = −1 f 11 27 53
514 1
f x
2 2 172 2 2 172

206 1
ff1
2 112 my ma 3
Equation ofTangentLine Equation ofNormalLine

y 53 291 1 y 5 2
1 1

3
6. 𝑔(𝑥) = ; 𝑥 = −1
g D 2 1 1 2
3 4 1
g x
2 24 112

31 4th
g x
2 1 172 I my My 4

Equation ofTangentLine Equation ofNormalLine

y 3 41 1 Y 12 4 x til
7. 𝑓(𝑥) = √2𝑥 + 7𝑥 − 1; 𝑥 = 1 f I 52 7
7 2

23
F x t 2 2 77 17 4 7
23
f i I 2 7 1 4 7
2
3121 3 I Mt my 4

Equation ofTangentLine Equation ofNormalLine

Y 2 x 1 y 2 4 x 1

8. 𝑔(𝑥) = − √8 − 𝑥 ; 𝑥 = 2
g2 5816 2

4 2 3
g x t 8 31 4 Equation ofTangentLine

213 y 2
5 x 2
Ix 8 214
23
g 21 4318 8 167

331 252
Y 2 f x 2

83 My My

9. 𝑓(𝑥) = √2𝑥 + 7𝑥 − 1; 𝑥 = 0 f ol 1
213
F x I 2 2 7 1 4 7

23
f X 3 1 7

Equation ofTangentLine Equation ofNormalLine

y I x 0 x 0
y 1
 10. 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 16; 𝑥 = −2 Ff 21 4 4 16 2

314
f x x2 2 167 2 2 Equation ofTangentLine

Xt 1 x2 2 16 314 y 2 x 2

314
f 127 2 1114 4 16
tin Normal line

IC 1 48 y 2 16 x t2
em ma

B. Find at the indicated values of 𝑥.

1. 𝑦 = 𝑥 cos 𝑥 ; 𝑥 = 𝜋

If x2 2 cost sin x cos2x 2x

sin2x
X sin 2x 2xcos2x zsinxcos x
dy
x2 200s2x sin2x C 2x 2x 2cosX C sinx cos x 2
g
2 2cos2x 2xsin2x 2xsin2x 2cosh

dy 2420051217
41sin It 2costa
d 2
242 2C 1 2 2,2
2. 𝑦 = 𝑥 sin 𝑥 ; 𝑥 = √𝜋

2 3005 2
4 x2 2xcosx t sinx2 24 2xsinx2

dy 2 3 275inx2 cosx2 6 2 t 2x cosx2 2x t s inx2 2

dy
4x4sinx2 t 10 2 cosx2 24sinx2

dy
dx2 4 SITTY IOTCOST 4ft sink

IOT 1 IOT
 3. 𝑦 = cos (−𝜋cos 𝑥) ; 𝑥 = 𝜋 i

If sinticosa Tsin X

dy sin IT cos x I COST

dy A Sina
f cost Icosx a sink

I cost sin f Icosx Asinxcost itcost

MY it cost sin f ICE's't Tsin cos fit cost

4. 𝑦 = sin ( sec 𝑥 ) ; 𝑥 = 0

1 cos Isec x I see x'tank 3 2

x'secxstanx3 cos Eseax

dy see x'fan cos Eseax t se x'tanx'cos Eseax six
g 31 470h
day 0 to o
dx y o

C. For each function, find the equation of the tangent line and the normal line at the indicated value of
𝑥.

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = − sec ;𝑥 = 9
√

Equation ofTangentLine
f x see If tan If TIF
f 9 see
4 tan 25 If
2 53 Equation ofNormalLine
F 9 2117 mi y 2 III x 91
mix EI
g
2. 𝑔(𝑥) = tan ;𝑥 = 4
√

zig Equation ofTangentLine

g x1 see
II x

seeit
g a YA y t I
L 15 Equation ofNormalLine
E
Y O x 41
I Mt MN
8
y
g
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝜋 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ;𝑥 = 4

Equation ofTangentLine
f x cos Ifan E I see E Iz
f 4 cos tan II I see f y E

If
1 IT EY If Equation ofNormalLine

Y O x 41
I Mt my f
41 sincetan s sin

4. 𝑔(𝑥) = cos −𝜋 sin ;𝑥 = 2

g x sin fit sin E f itcos E Iz

g 2 sinf t sin É cos

O Mt mm undefined

g2 cost it sin II cost it 1

Equation ofTangentLine Equation ofNormalLine

0 x 2
Yt1 7 2
Yt 1 0
 5. 𝑓(𝑥) = sin cos(2𝑥) ; 𝑥 = 0

F x 25in IzCOS 2 1 Cos IzCOS 2 1 I L 2sin 2x

f o 25in Ezco's8 cos Eco'so I 2sin8

O my my undefined

flop sin I cost 12 1

Equation ofTangentLine Equation ofNormalLine

Y 1 O X 0

6. 𝑔(𝑥) = cos 𝜋 sec ; 𝑥=𝜋

g x 2cos it sec sincesee E I see 4 tan 25

gift 2cos it sac
E f sin it secff sec 25 tan25

2cos 2K sinC IT 27 B
O my my undefined

g it cos it see 4 cos f 2k 1

Equation ofTangentLine Equation ofNormalLine

Y 1 O X IT

D. For each function, find the equation of the tangent line and the normal line at the indicated value of
𝑥.

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = cos(2𝑥) tan(3𝑥) ; 𝑥 =

f x cos 2x 3sec 3 1 tan x 2sin 2 7

3 asin
f I cos 3sec 35 t tan
1 2 I

2 my my I
Equation ofTangentLine Euation ofNormalLine
no y o E lx E
y ax
I y Ext I
2. 𝑔(𝑥) = cot(𝑥 ) cos(4𝑥 ); 𝑥 =
g TE cot cost 1 17 1

g x cotx2 f 84sin 4x4 42 1 2x csc 1 4 cot x2

g ft cot 8 Is int tags

t cost Grease cotE

CIIC AE RE
Mt Eti mi It
Equation ofTangentLine Equation ofNormalLine

Ytl EEK FI y I E
x TE
3. 𝑓(𝑥) =
( √ )
;𝑥 = 4
flat I It I 0

it cos trx cos sin El f sin Fx Eg

fly It cos Arx
Itcos2T cos25 sink sink E i ti Hz it
f y
Itcos a 2
II 12

Mt I My It
Equation ofTangentLine Equation ofNormalLine

y o x 4 Y O E4 x 4

y TI y E
4. 𝑓(𝑥) = cos ;𝑥 = 1 f n cost I
x2 X 1 TX x2 2 1
f x cos
ya I x2 x 172
1 2K T 3
f i cost
1
IC T
IT

Equation ofTangentLine Equation ofNormalLine

Y ti T x 1 y I x 1
5. 𝑓(𝑥) = sin ;𝑥 = 1

x2 1 GTX 217 242 1

f x cos1,2444
x21 172

12T 6T
f i cos
9

EquationofTangentLine Equation ofNormalLine

y E x 1 y E x 1
 f 213

F 4 f
t
f z

fi 113 g

E. The graph of the function 𝑓 is given above. Find the equation of the tangent and normal lines to the
following functions at the indicated value of 𝑥. (Level 4)

g12 f 51 flit
1. 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓(2𝑥 + 1) ⋅ 𝑓 ;𝑥 =2 21121 4

flaxti EquationofTangentLine
g x1 flex til If E tf E 2
4 4 51 2
g 2 f 5 If I t f i 2f 5

2 t I t 2121 1 Equation ofNormalLine

I 4 4 4 71 2
5 My M I
2. 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓 ;𝑥 =2
gz fl 81 0
2
4
212124 2 X2 8 2 4 2 411 2x
g x f 2
2 x2
2 4 16 27 16 4 471 4
g 2 f 1511,4 242 Y 0 18 x 2
64
f 8 284 2 7 16 Equation ofNormalLine
18 Mt my y o Ix 2
( )
3. 𝑔(𝑥) = ;𝑥 = 1
√

my
2 2

2F 4 C 4 f 41 I
y I K 1
gig 4
Equation ofNormalLine
8 1 1
22 x 1
4 Y
1681

y
 5 213

F 4

A y a

91 213 g 112 8 1
14
g
gl 2

91 312

F. The graphs of the function 𝑓 and 𝑔 are given above. Find the equation of the tangent and normal lines
to the following functions at the indicated value of 𝑥. (Level 5)

( )⋅
1. ℎ(𝑥) = ( )
;𝑥 =2

go x f 2x If X2 F X2 2f 2x f 2x f x2 E g't x
hey 2
gtx
g 2 f4 f i 2f 1 F 4 J t f 4 f 1 g 2
412
gc2172
1 e1 I 22211 1 C1 2 I
12

L 4 2 Equation of TangentLine
23 my 132 PT 2 2
4 2 12 x 2

Point ofTangency
Equation of Normal Line
hey f 4 fell 142 2 MN 43 PN 2 2
91 21
Pt 2 27 y 12 73 x 2
 ( )
2. ℎ(𝑥) = ( )
;𝑥 = 2
291 2 11
t 912 11 2x f 2x
h x zig 2 1
2
f x2
G 5
14 419651 F 4
h 12 gs
f 4772
I
T 411 1
3
1 2

PointofTangency Equation ofTangentLine

Mt 3 Pt 2,17
Y
9657
h 21
4 y 1 3 x 2
i Pt 2 1
Equation of Normal Line
Mix 43 PN 2 2

y 1 3 x 2
 81 213
q 4

A y a

g 213 g
12 9
g 2 g ly

g 312

𝑥 ℎ ℎ′
−1 3 -3
1 2 3
2 4 5

G. The graphs of the function 𝑓 and 𝑔 and the table of ℎ and ℎ at selected values are given above. Find
the equation of the tangent and normal lines to the following functions at the indicated value of 𝑥.
(Level 6)
( )
1. 𝑗(𝑥) = ℎ ( )
;𝑥 = 2

Gtx 2F 2x f 2x C g'C x Point ofTangency

j x h
f gc x j 27 44,4 h 1 3
flat P 2,3
9121 I 1
ForEquation ofTangent Line
291 F 41 tf 41g
2 z
j 2 h 1 with Mt 9 Pt2,31
gc2112
2111611 1 I y 3 9 x 2
3
12 For Equationof NormalLine
with my g Pw2,37
C3 31 9
y 3 x 2
Mtl 2
9 and mix ya qt
 f i I fly 2 n127 5
g't 21 1 9627 1 h 21 4
( )
2. 𝑗(𝑥) = ; 𝑥=1
( ) ( )

f1 791 2 7 2h 2x h 2x f x 2g 2x g self x
j x
fix gl 2x 2

2f 1 gl 21h 2 h2 f2f 1 g's 2 t 9121 f i

jig Fli go2132
2 2 1 5 41 2 2 1 1 i
2C 1 72

5
202,46 o

my 0 and my undefined

PointofTangency
Equation ofTangentLine
Mt O P 1 2
I 1
1 42 211 2

9 2 0 x 1

Pt 1 2 y 2 0
Equation of Normal line
my undefined Pali 2
x I or X 1 0