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11 views13 pages

Full wave

Uploaded by

Digshant Bhasin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Physics

Project Report
On

“HALF WAVE
RECTIFIER”
Session: 2016-17

Under Supervision of Submitted by

Mrs. Richa Anchal Mehra


Lecturer in Physics Class XII (Non-
Medical)
Roll No. _______________

SHRI MAHAVIR JAIN PUBLIC SCHOOL


KURUKSHETRA
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project titled “HALF WAVE


RECTIFIER”, has been undertaken by Anchal Mehra
student of XII (Non-Medical), Roll no. ______________
This project has been carried out as a part of Physics
Projects as prescribed by Central Board of Secondary
Education. This work is done by candidates own efforts.

Mrs. Richa
(Lecturer of Physics)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my deep sense of gratitude to Mrs. Richa


(Lecturer in Physics), for his inspiration, valuable guidance
and constant encouragement in completion of this report.
Without him it would have been an impossible task for me.
I have put my sincere efforts to make this project
interesting. I have fully consulted all the available books on
this subject and I am thankful to esteemed authors.

Anchal Mehra
Class: XII (Non-Medical)
Roll No. ______________
CONTENT

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

 CERTIFICATE

 INTRODUCTION

 AIM &MATERIAL REQUIRED

 JUNCTION AS A HALF WAVE RECTIFIER

 JUNCTION AS A FULL WAVE RECTIFIER

 REVERSE BIASING ON JUNCTION DIODE

 FORWARD BIASING ON JUNCTION

DIODE
INTRODUCTION

Although in our daily life we use A.C. current devices.


But rectifier is an‘Electronic device which converts A.C. power into
D.C. power’.
The study of the junction diode characteristics reveals
that the junction diode offers a low resistance path, when forward
biased, and a high resistance path, when reverse biased. This feature of
the junction diode enables it to be used as a rectifier.
The alternating signals provides opposite kind of biased
voltage at the junction after each half-cycle. If the junction is forward
biased in the first half-cycle, its gets reverse biased in the second half. It
results in the flow of forward current in one direction only and thus the
signal gets rectified.
In other words, we can say, when an alternating e.m.f.
signal is applied across a junction diode, it will conduct only during
those alternate half cycles, which biased it in forward direction.

TYPE OF RECTIFIER
Mainly we have two types of rectifier:
1. Half wave rectifier
2. Full wave rectifier
AIM
TO MAKE A HALF-WAVE RECTIFIRE

MATERIAL REQUIRED

 TRANSFORMER (STEP DOWN) (606)

 LED (LIGHT EMITTING DIODE)

 CONNECTING WIRES

 P N JUNCTION DIODES

 RESISTANCE

 SOLDERING EQUIPMENTS
JUNCTION DIODE AS HALF WAVE
RECTIFIER

When a single diode is used as a rectifier, the rectification of only


one-half of the A.C. wave form takes place. Such a rectification is called
half-wave rectification. The circuit diagram for a half-wave rectifier is
shown in Fig.

Arrangement:

The A.C. supply is applied across the primary coil of a step down
transformer. The secondary coil of the transformer is connected to the
junction diode and a load resistance. The output D.C. voltage is
obtained across the load resistance.
Principle:

It is based upon the principle that junction diode offers low resistance
path when forward biased, and high resistance when reverse biased.

Theory:

Suppose that during the first half of the input cycle, the junction diode
gets forward biased the conventional current will flow in the direction of
the arrow-heads. The upper end of load resistance will be at positive
potential w.r.t. the lower end. During the negative half cycle of the input
a.c. voltage, the diode is reverse biased. No current flows in the circuit,
and therefore, no voltage is developed across load resistance. Since only
the positive half cycle of the input appears across the load, the a.c. input
is converted into pulsating direct current (d.c.).
JUNCTION DIODE AS A FULL WAVE
RECTIFIER

“A rectifier which rectifies both waves of the a.c. input is called a full
wave rectifier”.

Principle:

It is based upon the principle that a junction diode offers low resistance
during forward biased and high resistance, when reverse biased.

Theory:
Suppose that during first half of the input cycle, upper end of
coil is at positive potential. And lower end is at negative potential. The
junction diode (D1) gets forward biased, while the diode. (D2) get
reverse biased. When the second half of the input cycle comes, the
situation will be exactly reverse. Now the junction diode (D2) will
conduct. Since the current during both the half cycle flows from right to
left through the load resistance the output during both the half cycles
will be of same nature.
Thus, in a full wave rectifier, the output is continuous but
pulsating in nature. However it can be made smooth by using a filter
circuit.

Arrangement:
The a.c. supply is applied across the primary coil of a step down
transformer. The two diodes of the secondary coil of the transformer are
connected to the P-sections of the junction diodes (D1) and (D2). A
load resistance is connected across the n-sections of the two diodes and
at center of the secondary coil. The d.c. output will be obtained across
the load resistance.
REVERSE BIASING ON A JUNCTION
DIODE

A P-n junction is said to be reverse biased if the positive terminal of the


external battery is connected to n-side and the negative terminal to p-
side of the p-n junction. In reverse biasing, the reverse bias voltage
supports the potential barrier. (Now the majority carriers are pulled away
from the junction and the depletion region become thick. There is no
conduction across the junction due to majority carriers. However, a few
minority carriers (holes in n-section and electrons in p-section) of p-n
Junction diode cross the junction after being accelerated by high reverse
bias voltage. Since the large increase in reverse voltage shows small
increase in reverse current, hence, the resistance of p-n junction is high
to the flow of current when reverse biased.
TRANSFORMER PN JUNCTION PN JUNCTION LED
(6 0 6) DIODEDIODE
RESISTANCE FULL-WAVE RECTIFIER
TRANSFORMER PN JUNCTION PN JUNCTION LED RESISTANCE
(6 0 6) DIODEDIODEFULL-WAVE RECTIFIER
TRANSFORMER PN JUNCTION PN JUNCTION LED RESISTANCE
(6 0 6) DIODEDIODE FULL-WAVE RECTIFIER
TRANSFORMER PN JUNCTION PN JUNCTION LED RESISTANCE FULL-WAVE RECTIFIER
(6 0 6) DIODEDIODE
TRANSFORMER PN JUNCTION PN JUNCTION LED RESISTANCE FULL-WAVE RECTIFIER

(6 0 6) DIODE DIODE

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