Basic Grammar in use

MODULE : CONDITIONAL SENTENCES AND WISHS

A. TYPES OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

If + S + V-hiện tại , - S + will/can + ( not) + V
- S + V – hiện tại (O)
- Mệnh lệnh thức (V / don’t V)

LOẠI 1
Đảo ngữ
Should + S + (not) V, S + will/can + ( not) + V

If + S + V-QKĐG (QKTD) , S +would/could +(not) + V

= If it were not for + N , S +would/could +(not) + V

LOẠI 2
Đảo ngữ
Were + S (not) …, S +would/could +(not) + V
Were + S + to V, S +would/could +(not) + V
= Were it not for + N , S +would/could +(not) + V
CÁC LOẠI
CÂU ĐIỀU
KIỆN
If + S + had (not)+V(p2) , S + would/could (not) + have + V(p2)
= If it had not been for + N , S +would/could(not) + have + V(p2)

LOẠI 3
Đảo ngữ
Had + S + (not) V(p2) , S + would/could (not) + have + V(p2)
= Had it not been for + N , S +would/could(not) + have + V(p2)

* If + S +had (not) + V(p2) , S + would/could + V

LOẠI HỖN HỢP

If + S + V ( QKĐG ) , S + would/could + have + V(p2)

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B. OTHER EXPRESSIONS OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

1. OTHERWISE: NẾU KHÔNG THÌ (2,3)
Ex: My teacher helps (helped) me. Otherwise, I wouldn’t pass (wouldn’t have passed) the exam.

2. Without : Nếu không có (2,3)

Ex: Without your help, I wouldn’t get (wouldn’t have got) success.

3 . BUT FOR = WITHOUT (2,3)

Ex:

4. UNLESS = IF…… NOT = TRỪ KHI, NẾU KHÔNG

Ex: Don’t call me unless you need help.( L1 )

5 . Provided that/ supposing that = if (I, II)= Nếu như, Với điều kiện là, cho rằng
là.

6 . As long as/ So long as: miễn là, chừng nào mà

Ex: As long as you come home on time, I will let you go out.

7. Or / or else= nếu không thì...

Ex: Hurry up! Or/Or else you’ll be late for school.

8. In case + clause: phòng khi Ex: Buy some food in case someone comes.
In case of + Noun: trong trường hợp Ex: In case of emergency, call 115.

Các trường hợp sau viết câu luôn viết bằng câu điều kiện loại 1
1/Câu mệnh lệnh + “or” + mệnh đề => “or” = “ not”
V1 + O …………….or + S + will + V1 => If you + don’t + V1 ,S + will + V1
Ex: Keep silent or I will go away => If you don’t keep silent, I will go away
2/Câu mệnh lệnh + “and” + mệnh đề => If you + V1 ,S + will not + V1
Ex: Crash my car and I will never forgive you=> If you crash my car , I will never forgive you

S + WISH = IF ONLY
TYPE FORM MARKET
1/Future wish S + wish + S + would / could + V Tomorrow, next, in the future
(điều ước ở tương lai) Ex: I wish I would go with you
tomorrow.
2/Present wish S + wish + S + V (QK) Now, right now, at present, at the
( điều ước không có moment, at once, today
thật ở hiện tại ) Ex: I wish I were on the beach now
3/Past wish S + wish + S + had + V(p2) Yesterday/last/in the past
(điều ước không có thật Ex: He wishes Lan had invited him to
ở quá khứ ) her party

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PRACTICE

Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
1. If you fail the GCSE examination, you ____not be allowed to take the entrance examination to the university.
A. will B. would C. did D. are
2. If you_____5 minutes late, you won’t be able to get into the examination room.
A. will be B. were C. are D. would be
3. _____ he passes the final exam, he will apply for the Ho Chi Minh Technology University.
A. Unless B. If C. As long as D. Both B and C
4. If she spoke English well, she _____ that job.
A. will offer B. will be offered C. would offer D. would be offered
5. He would get mark 10 if he _____again the paper. He made one mistake in it.
A. read B. is reading C. reads D. will read
6. If I _____ get a car sick, I would go there with you.
A. won’t B. don’t C. didn’t D. wouldn’t
7. I _____ you a letter if I had known your address.
A. would have sent B. would send C. will send D. sent
8. If you _____ the front door carefully, the thieves wouldn’t have broken into your house.
A. have locked B. locked C. would lock D. had locked
9. If I_____by her, I would have come to see her while I was in Dalat.
A. had invited B. had been invited C. were invited D. have invited
10. If I _____ in your place, I’d call and apologise.
A. am B. were C. was D. both B and C are correct
11. If you_____ carelessly, you wouldn’t have had so many accidents.
A. had driven B. drove C. hadn’t driven D. driven
12. She wishes she __________ a lot of money now.
A. will have B. had C. had had D. has
13. I’m afraid I can’t come to your birthday party tomorrow. I wish I ___________.
A. can come B. came C. could come D. had come
14. I __________ you before if there _________ quite a lot of people in your house.
A. would have visited / hadn't B. would have visited / hadn't been
C. had visited / wouldn't have been D. would visit / had
15. If he_____ to London yesterday, he _____ his old friend now.
A. went/would meet B. go/would meet C. had gone / would meet D. had gone / would have met
16. If water _______, it _______ into steam.
A. boils / changes B. boils / will change C. boiled / would change D. will boil / will change
17. Should you need help, I’ll be in the room next door. – It means that ………………..
A. I’ll be helping others in the room. B. I’m available to help you.
C. You shouldn’t ask me for help. D. Do you need help from me?
18. Had anyone warned us about the situation, we would have stayed home. It means ………………..
A. We stayed home. B. We didn’t stay home.
C. Some one warned us. D. Several people warned us.
19. Bring the umbrella with you ____________
A. unless it rains B. provided that it may rain C. as long as it will rain D. in case it rains
20. ___________ away ___________ call for a policeman.
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A. Go / unless I’ll B. Go / or I’ll C. Not go / or I’ll D. Go / otherwise I’ll

Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the
following questions.

1. Without transportation, our modern society would not exist.

A. Our modern society will not exist without having traffic.
B. Our modern society does not exist if there is no transportation.
C. If transportation no longer exists, our modern society will not either.
D. If there were no transportation, our modern society would not exist.
2. Work hard or you will fail the exam.
A. You will fail the exam if you work hard. B. If you work hard, you won’t pass the exam.
C. You won't fail the exam if you don't work hard. D. If you don’t work hard, you will fail the exam.
3. I can’t understand him because he speaks so quickly.
A. If he spoke so quickly, I’d understand him. B. If he speaks so quickly, I can understand him.
C. If he didn’t speak so quickly, I’d understand him. D. If he didn’t speak so quickly, I understood him.
4. He didn’t hurry so he missed the plane.
A. If he had hurried, he could have caught the plane. B. He didn’t miss the plane because his hurried.
C. If he had hurried, he might catch the plane. D. If he hurried, he wouldn’t miss the plane.
5. I regret going to bed so late last night.
A. I wish I hadn’t gone to bed so late last night. B. I wish I had gone to bed so late last night.
C. I wish I went to bed so late last night. D. I wish I didn’t go to bed so late last night.
6. We did not visit the museum because we had no time.
A. If we have time, we will visit the museum. B. If we had time, we would visit the museum.
C. If we had had time, we would have visited the museum. D. If we had had time, we will visit the museum.
7. It’s a pity that you didn’t tell us about this.
A. I wish you told us about this. B. I wish you would tell us about this.
C. I wish you had told us about this. D. I wish you have told us about this.
8. Julia couldn’t pass the driving test because she was so nervous.
A. Julia could pass the driving test if she hadn’t been so nervous.
B. Julia could pass the driving test unless she was very nervous.
C. Julia was so nervous ; otherwise, she could have passed the driving test.
D. Julia will pass the driving test if she wasn’t so nervous.
9. She is too busy to come to the party.
A. If she was busy, she couldn’t come to the party.
B. Were she not so busy, she could come to the party.
C. Weren’t she so busy, she needs to come to the party.
D. If she was not so busy, she must come to the party.
10. She was careless. A fire broke out in the kitchen.
A. If she were not careless, a fire didn’t break out in the kitchen.
B. If she had been careful, a fire broke out in the kitchen.
C. If she had been careless, a fire would have broken out in the kitchen.
D. If it hadn’t been for her carelessness, a fire would not have broken out in the kitchen.
11. Men can’t fly because they don’t have wings .
=> câu điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại => đk loại II
Nghĩa là men có thể bay nếu họ có cánh
Nên o C trái nghĩa
A. If men have wings , they can fly . B. If men could fly , they would have wings .
C. Men couldn’t fly unless they had wings. D. Men could fly if they had wings .

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12. She didn't do the test because it was too difficult.
A . Had the test not been too difficult, she could have done it.
B . If the test hadn't been too difficult, she could have done it.
C . If it had not been for the fact that the test was too difficult, she could have done it.
D . All are correct
13. Peter doesn't read a lot. He can't find the time.
A . If Peter hadn't got the time, he would read a lot.
B . Were it not for Peter has the time, he will read a lot.
C . If Peter had had the time, he would have read a lot.
D . Were Peter to have the time, he would read a lot.
14. I couldn’t have made it if you didn’t help me.
A. I couldn’t have made it without you helped me. B. As long as you helped me, I would make it.
C. But for your help, I couldn’t have made it. D. Unless you helped me, I could have made it.
15. I did not understand what the lecturer was saying because I had not read his book.
A. What the lecturer wrote and said was too difficult for me to understand.
B. The lecturer's book which I had not read was difficult to understand.
C. I found it very difficult to understand what the lecturer said in his book.
D. I would have understood what the lecturer was saying if I had read his book.
16. I opened the door slowly, otherwise, I could have hit someone.
A. If I didn’t open the door slowly, I could hit someone.
B. If I opened the door slowly, I could have hit someone.
C. If I had opened the door slowly, I could have hit someone.
D. Unless I had opened the door slowly, I could have hit someone.
17. You drink too much coffee, that's why you can't sleep.
A. If you drank less coffee, you would be able to sleep. B. You drink much coffee and you can sleep.
C. You would sleep well if you didn't drink any coffee. D. You can sleep better without coffee.
18. If you don't have his number, you can't phone him.
A. You can phone him unless you have his number.
B. You can't phone him unless you don't have his number.
C. You can phone him unless you don't have his number.
D. You can't phone him unless you have his number.
19. Life without friends or family would be lonely for me.
A. Were it not for friends or family, life would be lonely for me.
B. My life is lonely because I don’t have many friends.
C. If my life doesn’t have friends or family, it will be lonely.
D. I cannot live without friends or family.
20. He was driving very fast because he didn’t know the road was icy.
A. If he knew the road was icy, he wouldn’t drive so fast.
B. If he had known the road was icy, he wouldn’t have driven so fast.
C. He wasn’t driving very fast if he would know the road was icy.
D. If he hadn’t been driving very fast, he would have known the road was icy.

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