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4931_Grace College of Engineering, Thoothukudi

GRACE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

EE3303 ELECTRICAL MACHINES-I
QUESTION BANK
UNIT-II DC GENERATORS

PART - A
1. What do you meant by Electric Generator?
Electricity does not occur naturally in usable form and it also cannot be stored in usefully
large quantities. Therefore, it must be generated continuously to meet the demand at all times. An
efficient and convenient way to generate electric power is by conversion of mechanical power into
electrical form in rotating device called Generator.

2. Define Electric Motor.

The major use of electric energy is made by converting it back to run the wheels of
industry as well as tiny household appliances. The electromechanical energy conversion
process is a reversible one and simple adjustment of mechanical shaft and electrical
conditions reverses the flow of power. In this mode of operation, the electromechanical
device, in general called the electric machine, is known as the motor and the machine is
said to be in the motoring mode.

3. Draw the cross sectional view of DC machine.

3. What are all the main parts of a DC machine?

Stationary member called stator
 Rotating member called rotor
 Field winding wound on field poles to produce uniform magnetic flux
 Armature winding used to interchange current with the external electric system depending upon the
circuit conditions
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 Commutator – a mechanical rectifier
 Brushes – used to collect the current

4. Write down the EMF equation of a DC Generator

Ea = (φZnP) / (60A) Volts

Where φ - the magnetic flux/pole in Wb
n - The armature speed in rpm
Z - Total armature conductors
A – Number of parallel paths
P – Number of poles

5. Write the formula to find the magnitude of the induced e.m.f?

The magnitude of the Induced e.m.f is given
by, E=B * l * v
Where l=Active length of conductor in m
v=Relative velocity component of conductor in m/s in the direction
perpendicular to direction of the flux.

6. Write the functions of yoke?

Various functions are
 It serves the purpose of outermost cover of the d.c. machine. So that insulating materials get protected
from harmful atmospheric elements like moisture, dust and various gases like SO2, acidic fumes etc.,
 It provides mechanical support to the poles.
 It forms a part of the magnetic circuit. In provides a path of low reluctance for magnetic flux. The low
reluctance path is important to avoid wastage of power to provide same flux.

7. Write the functions of field winding?

The main functions of field winding is
 To carry current due to which pole core, on which the field winding is placed, behaves as an
electromagnet, producing necessary flux.
 As it helps in producing the magnetic field i.e. exciting the pole as an electromagnet it is called field
winding or exciting winding

8. Write the functions of Armature winding?

Various functions of armature winding is
It serves the purpose of outermost cover of the d.c. machine. So that insulating materials get protected from
harmful atmospheric elements like moisture, dust and various gases like SO2, acidic fumes etc.,
It provides mechanical support to the poles.
It forms a part of the magnetic circuit. In provides a path of low reluctance for magnetic flux. The low
reluctance path is important to avoid wastage of power to provide same flux.

9. Write the functions of field winding?

The main functions of field winding is
To carry current due to which pole core, on which the field winding is placed, behaves as an electromagnet,
producing necessary flux.
As it helps in producing the magnetic field i.e. exciting the pole as an electromagnet it is called field winding
or exciting winding

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4931_Grace College of Engineering, Thoothukudi

10. Write the functions of Armature winding?
Various functions of armature winding is
i) Generation of e.m.f takes place in the armature winding in case of
generators.
ii) To carry the current supplied in case of d.c motors.
iii) To do useful work in the external circuit.

11. Write the functions of Commutator?

Various functions arte
i) To facilitate the collection of current from the armature conductors.
ii) To convert internally developed alternating e.m.f. to unidirectional e.m.f.
iii) To produce unidirectional torque in case of motors.

12. Mention the types of armature winding.

Armature winding has basically two types namely,
i) Lap winding
ii) Wave winding
13. Write down the comparison of lap and wave type winding?

S.No Lap winding Wave winding

1. Number of parallel paths(A) = Number of parallel paths (A) = 2
Poles (P)
2. Number of brush sets required is Number of brush sets required is
equal to number of poles always equal to 2
3. Preferable for high current, low Preferable for high voltage, low current
voltage capacity generators capacity generators
4. Normally used for generators of Preferred for generators of capacity less
capacity more than 500A than 500A

14. Define commutation.

The reversal of current is likely to take place in short interval when a coil is short
circuited by a brush so that transfer of current from one direction to other is carried out
without any sparking. This process is called commutation.
15. Mention the methods of improving commutation.
There are two practical ways by which commutation may be improved. These
methods are
I. Resistance commutation
II. E.M.F commutation
16. Draw the symbolic representation of dc generator.

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4931_Grace College of Engineering, Thoothukudi

17. Under what circumstances does a dc shunt generator fail to build up?
a. Absence of residual flux.
b. Initial flux set up by the field winding may be in opposite direction to residual flux
c. Shunt filed circuit resistance may be higher than its critical field resistance
d. Load circuit resistance may be less than its critical load resistance
18. Define critical field resistance in dc shunt generator?
Critical field resistance is defined as the resistance of the field circuit whichwill cause the
shunt generator just to build up its e.m.f at a specified field.
19. Differentiate between geometric neutral axis (GNA) and magnetic neutral axis (MNA).
(Nov 2010)
GNA is the axis, which is situated geometrically or physically in the mid way between adjacent
main poles. MNA is the axis, which passes through the zero crossing of the resultant magnetic field
waveform in the air gap.
20. Does a d.c motor differ from d.c generator in construction?
Generators are normally placed in closed room, accessible only to skilled operators. Therefore
on ventilation point of view they may be constructed with large opening in the frame. Motors on the
other hand, have to be installed right in the place of use which may have dust, dampness,
inflammable gases, chemical fumes etc . To protect the motors against these elements, the motor
frames are made either partly closed or totally closed or flame proof etc.
21. To what polarity are the interpoles excited in dc generators?
The polarity of the interpoles must be that of the next main pole along the
direction of rotation in the case of generator.
22. Why are carbon brushes preferred for dc machines?
The high contact resistance carbon brushes help the current in the coil undergoing
commutation to attain its full value in the reverse direction at the end of commutation.
The carbon brushes also lubricate and give less wear and tear on Commutator surface.
23.Draw the diagram of separately excited DC generator.

25.

24. What are the conditions to be fulfilled for a dc shunt generator to build up emf?
1. The generator should have residual flux
2. The field winding should be connected in such a manner that the flux set up by
the3.field winding should be in the same direction as that of residual flux
4. The field circuit resistance should be less than critical field resistance
5. Load circuit resistance should be above its critical load resistance.

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4931_Grace College of Engineering, Thoothukudi

PART-B
1. Explain with the near sketch of construction of DC Generator?
2. Explain in detail about principle of DC Generator?
3. Derive the equation for DC Generator?
4. A 4 pole wave wound DC motor armature has 880 conductors and delivers 120A. The brushes
have been displaced through 3 angular degree from the geometric axis. Calculate
a) The demagnetizing ampere-turns/pole
b) The cross magnetizing ampere turns/pole
c) The additional field current for neutralizing the demagnetization of the field winding has
1100 turns/pole.
5. Briefly explain the methods to overcome the adverse effect of the armature reaction?
6. Explain the methods to improve commutation?
7. A separately excited D.C generator, when running at 1000rpm supplied 200A at 125v. What
will be the load current where speed drops to 800rpm, if field current is unchanged?
Given that armature resistance = 0.40ohm and brush drop =2V.
8. A 4 pole DC shunt generator, with a shunt field resistance of 100ohm and an armature
resistance of 1ohm, has 378wave connected conductors in the resistance of 10ohm is connected
across the armature terminals and the generator is driven at 1000rpm. Calculate power absorbed
by the load.
9. Explain the load characteristics of D.C shunt generator?
10. Explain the load characteristics of D.C series and compound generator?
11. Explain the parallel operation D.C shunt, series and compound generator?

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 All EEE Engg Subjects - [ B.E., M.E., ] (Click on Subjects to enter)
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