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Deep and Surface Structure of Language

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Malikabonu Baxtiyorova
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9 views

Deep and Surface Structure of Language

Uploaded by

Malikabonu Baxtiyorova
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Deep and Surface Structure of

Language
This presentation delves into the fascinating concepts of deep and
surface structure in linguistics. It explores how these structures shape
our understanding of language and its complexities.

MB by Malikabonu Baxtiyorova
What are Deep and Surface Structures?

Deep Structure Surface Structure

The underlying meaning of a sentence, independent of its The actual grammatical form of a sentence, as it is spoken
grammatical form. It represents the abstract thought or or written. It's the way the sentence is organized and
idea being conveyed. presented.
Noam Chomsky and Generative Theory

Transformational Grammar

A system that accounts for the relationship between deep and surface
1
structures.

Generative Grammar
2 A system that generates an infinite number of grammatically
correct sentences.

Universal Grammar
3 The innate linguistic capacity shared by all humans,
enabling language acquisition.
The Concept of Deep Structure

Semantic Representation
1
The core meaning and relationships between elements.

Logical Form
2
The underlying logical structure, independent of surface word order.

Conceptual Structure
3
The abstract representation of ideas and concepts.
The Concept of Surface Structure

Word Order Grammatical Functions


1 2
The arrangement of The roles of words and
words in a sentence. phrases (subject, verb,
object).

Morphological Features
3
The forms of words (pluralization, tense, agreement).
Deep Structure and Meaning

1 2 3

Semantic Roles Logical Relations Conceptual Content

The roles of entities in a sentence Relationships between ideas and The overall meaning and
(agent, patient, instrument). propositions (causality, understanding of a sentence.
conditionality).
Surface Structure and Form

Syntax

The rules governing sentence structure and word order.

Morphology

The study of word formation and structure.

Phonology

The sound system of a language and how sounds are organized.


Examples of Deep and Surface
Structures
Deep Structure Surface Structure

The dog chased the cat. The cat was chased by the dog.

Mary gave the book to John. John was given the book by
Mary.
Application to Language Learning and Analysis

1 2 3
Second Language Acquisition Language Disorders Computational Linguistics

Understanding grammatical rules and Identifying and diagnosing difficulties Developing algorithms for natural
sentence structures. with sentence processing. language processing.
Conclusion and Key Takeaways
Deep and surface structures provide a framework for understanding the
intricacies of language. They highlight the distinction between meaning
and form, and offer insights into the processes involved in language
comprehension and production. This knowledge is valuable for language
learning, analysis, and even artificial intelligence.

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