Lectures on Challenging Mathematics

Integrated Mathematics 1
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Algebra
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Summer 2019
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Edited by
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Zuming Feng Yunhua Xu Chengde Feng Ivan Borsenco

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Copyright c 2008 – 2019 IDEA MATH.

Contents
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1 Algebraic Operations 5

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1.1 Number line (part 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2 Number line (part 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.3 Addition and subtraction of numbers and variables (part 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
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1.4 Number line (part 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.5 Addition and subtraction of numbers and variables (part 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.6 Multiplication of numbers and variables (part 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.7 Multiplication of numbers and variables (part 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
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1.8 Division of numbers and variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

1.9 Percentage (part 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
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2 Equations and Variables 17

2.1 Algebraic expressions (part 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
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2.2 Solving linear equations (part 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

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2.3 Solving linear equations (part 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

2.4 Rules for operations with integer exponents (part 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
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2.5 Rules for operations with integer exponents (part 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

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2.6 Algebraic expressions (part 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

2.7 Linear equations and word problems (part 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
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2.8 Linear equations and word problems (part 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

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2.9 Units (part 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

3 Graphing Linear Equations 29

3.1 Coordinates and scatter plots (part 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.2 Coordinates and scatter plots (part 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.3 Solving for the right variable (part 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.4 Direct variations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.5 Basic coordinate geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.6 Solving for the right variable (part 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3.7 Rules for operations with integer exponents (part 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.8 Linear equations and word problems (part 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.9 Graphing linear equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

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4 Equations of Lines in Di↵erent Forms 43

4.1 The slope of a line (part 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.2 Slope-intercept form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4.3 Average speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
4.4 Standard form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
4.5 Point-slope form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4.6 Square roots of a number (part 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4.7 The slope of a line (part 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
4.8 The slope of a line (part 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
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4.9 Square roots of a number (part 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

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5 Variations of Linear Relations 53
5.1 Absolute value equations (part 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

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5.2 Absolute value equations (part 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
5.3 Percentage (part 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
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5.4 Linear inequalities (part 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
5.5 Linear inequalities (part 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
5.6 Units (part 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
5.7 Linear equations and word problems (part 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
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5.8 Rules for operations with integer exponents (part 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

5.9 Linear inequalities (part 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
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6 Algebra Supplement 63
6.1 Basic algebra practices (part 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
6.2 Linear equations and word problems (part 5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
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6.3 Basic algebra practices (part 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

6.4 Linear inequalities (part 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
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6.5 Operations with integer exponents (part 5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

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7 A Beginner’s Tour in Statistics 69

7.1 Mean, median, and mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
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7.2 Practice problems on statistical terms (part 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

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7.3 Rescaling data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

7.4 Practice problems on statistical terms (part 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
7.5 Practice problems on statistical terms (part 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
 Units (part 1) 27

2.9 Units (part 1)

1. A runner plans to run 10000 meters, on a regular 400-meter track, in a world-class time of
27 minutes and 30 seconds. Running at a constant rate, what will the runners time be at the
4-lap mark (that is, completing 4 laps)?

2. The standard oil barrel of 42 US gallons is used in the United States as a measure of crude oil
and other petroleum products. On September 24th 2012, crude oil price is set at $92.09 per
barrel. On the same day, the US national average price for regular gasoline is $3.805. One
financial tracking institution reported that the profit-margins is about 29.6 cents per gallon
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for refining crude oil into gasoline. Estimate the cost, in cents per gallon, for refining crude
oil into regular gasoline.

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3. Anna and Becky both participate in a bicycle race of d miles. Anna pedals at 20 mph, Becky

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pedals at 18 mph, and Anna crosses the finish line nine minutes before Becky.
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(a) Explain the respective meaning of the expressions and .
20 18
d d
(b) Explain the meaning of the expression .
18 20
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d d
(c) Explain why the equation = 9 is false.
18 20
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(d) Find a correct equation in d and solve for d.

4. Jan has a 2000 ⇥ 2000 ⇥ 2000 gift box that needs to be placed carefully into a 20 ⇥ 20 ⇥ 20 shipping
carton, surrounded by packing peanuts. How many half-cubic-foot bags of peanuts does Jan
need to buy?
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5. A slow 24-hour clock loses 25 minutes a day. At noon on the first of October, it is set to show
the correct time. When will be the next time this clock shows the correct time? If someone
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was living relying on the clock’s time, how many days he believes have passed from the first
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October till that moment?

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 The slope of a line (part 3) 51

4.8 The slope of a line (part 3)

1. Find the equations of at least three lines that intersect each other at the point (6, 2).

2. Find values for a and b that make ax + by = 14 parallel to 12 3y = 4x. Is there more than
one answer? If so, how are the di↵erent values for a and b related?

3. Find an equation for the line that passes through the point ( 3, 6), parallel to the line through
the points (0, 7) and (4, 15). Write your answer in point-slope form.
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4. Plot points A = ( 6, 1), B = ( 4, 3), and C = (2, 0). Write equations in a point-slope form
for the lines AB and BC. Note that the product of the slopes of these is equal to 1. What

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can be said about the lines AB and BC looking at the graph?

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5. The coordinates of the vertices of quadrilateral XY ZW are shown in the diagram below.
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y 6

W (0, 4)
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Z( 5 12 , 3)
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X(3, 0)
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6
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-2
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Y ( 1, 3)
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(a) Find a pair of parallel and a pair perpendicular sides in the quadrilateral XY ZW .
(b) Write in a point-slope form equations of the lines containing the two parallel sides. How
do you know these lines are parallel?
(c) Write in a point-slope form equations of the lines containing the two perpendicular sides.
How do you know these lines are perpendicular?
 60 Integrated Mathematics 1 Algebra

5.8 Rules for operations with integer exponents (part 4)

1. For integers m and n, we have been using the following rules of exponents:
Å ãm
am am a
(i) am · an = am+n (ii) n = am n (iii) am · bm = (ab)m (iv) m =
a b b
Think of a pair of positive integers m and n, and a pair of a positive integer m and a negative
integer n. Verify all of these rules using each pair.

2. Simplify the expressions:

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(a) 211 · 39 · 6 7 (b) (3 7 +3 7 +3 7 )(2 7 +2 7)

4 Ä ä4 Ä ä 2
55 · 252

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(c) (d) 23 · 43
1257

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4 4
23 · 23 9113 · 13 13
(e) (f)
(43 )2 · (24 )3 7 7 · 1337
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3. Determine a and b if 493 · 3436 · 2401a = 1 and 4b · 8 3 · 165 · 32 6 = 2.

4. A geometric progression or geometric sequence is a list in which each term is obtained by

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applying a constant multiplier to the preceding term. What is the 100th term in each of the
following geometric progressions?
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(a) 1, 2, 4, 8, . . . (b) 6, 18, 54, . . .

5. (Continuation) Compute the product of the first ten terms in each sequence.
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