SUBJECT NAME

TITLE - NAME OF THE PROJECT

Student Name : Name of the Student

Roll No. : Roll No.

Class : XII
 CERTIFICATE
GEETHANJALI VIDYALAYA

This Certificate is to certify that HARSHITA RAJ of class XII of

GEETHANJALI VIDYALAYA, KARNATAKA has successfully completed the CHEMISTRY
Project on EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS PRESENT IN SAUF (ANISEED), AJWAIN
(CARCUM) AND ILLAICHI prescribed by the CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY
EDUCATION (CBSE) OF ALL INDIA SENIOR SCHOOL CERTIFICATE (AISSCE) 2023-24

EXTERNAL EXAMINER INTERNAL EXAMINER

INSTITUTION RUBBER STAMP

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my deepest appreciation to all

those who provided me with the possibility to complete
this project. I would like to thank my Chemistry teacher
______________________________ , whose valuable guidance has
helped me complete this project. His / Her suggestions
and instructions have served as a major contributor
towards the completion of the project.

I take this opportunity to thank our head of the

institution, _______________________________________, who was
always supportive and helpful in fulfilling all our
academic requirements.

Last but not the least; I would like to thank all my

classmates who have helped me to complete this
project.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
 Aim
 Introduction
 Requirements
 Procedure
 Observations
 Results/Conclusion
 Bibliography / References
 AIM

Extraction of essential oils present in saunf (aniseed),

Ajwain (carum), Illaichi (cardamom).
 INTRODUCTION

Essential oils are concentrated liquids that don't mix with

water and contain fragrant compounds from plants. They
are sometimes called volatile oils, ethereal oils, or
aetherolea. These oils are made up of highly volatile
substances that can be taken from different types of
plants.

Most essential oils found in nature are made of

hydrocarbons like camphene, pinene, limonene, and
phellandrene. The unique scents of these oils come from
the oxygenated compounds they contain, which also help
the oils resist oxidation. On the other hand, the
hydrocarbon parts are less stable and mainly cause the
oils to break down over time.
 REQUIREMENTS
 Steam generator (Copper Vessel)
 Round bottom flask (500 ml)
• Conical flask
• Condenser
• Glass tubes
• Iron stand
• Sand bath
• Separatory funnel
• Tripod stands
• Burners
• Ajwain (Carum)
• Petroleum ether (60–80°C)
• Saunf (Aniseed)
 ANISEED OIL (SAUNF)

Botanical Name: Pimpinella anisum

Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distillation
Color: Clear Aromatic
Description: Distinctive scent of licorice. Rich and
sweet.

Constituents
 A-pinene, camphene, B-pinene, linalool, cis-
anethole, trans-anethole, safrole, anisaldehyde,
acetoanisole.

Uses
1. Aniseed essential oil is often used in aromatherapy to
help with colds and the flu.

2. You can turn aniseed oil into a liquid fragrance, and it's
useful for both hunting and fishing. People put it on
fishing lures to draw in fish.

3. The main part of anise oil, called anethole, can

eventually create a substance known as 2,5-
dimethoxybenzaldehyde, which is sometimes used in the
secret making of psychedelic drugs like 2C-B, 2C-I, and
DOB.

4. Aniseed oil is also said to help with gas and is found in

some cough drops when mixed with liquorice.
 CAROM OIL (AJWAIN)

Botanical name: Trachyspermum ammi

Common Method of Extraction: Distillation
Aroma: Warm, pungent, peppery
Extraction: Ajwain oil is extracted from the crushed seeds
of ajwain by the method of steam distillation.
Chemical composition
The main constituents of the ajwain oil are thymol,
gamma-terpinene, pcymene, and beta-pinene. Alpha-
pinene, alpha-thujene, beta-myrcene, carvacrol,
limonene, and terpinene-4-ol.There are variations in
thecomposition of ajwain oils depending upon the
region where it is cultivated. For instance, ajwain oil
collected from Southern India is rich in thymol
Uses:
1.Skin Ailments: Ajwain can help with
pimples.
2. Digestive Aid:One can treat indigestion,
ulcers, and various other bacterial infections
of the gut with ajwain
seeds and
essential oil.
3. Aromatherapy: Useful in aromatherapy, ajwain
oil offers calming sensations that relieves
neuralgia and migraines.

CARDAMOM OIL (ILLAICHI)

 Botanical Name : Elettaria cardamonum
Common Method Of Extraction : Steam
Distillation
Aroma : Very complex and smooth
spice aroma
Extraction: Cardamom oil is extracted using
steam distillation method. For this, seeds of
the fruit are used just before they ripe. The
yield through this process is normally 1 to 5
per cent.
Chemical composition
Cardamom oil contains sabinene, myrcene, apinene,
b-pinene, aphellandrene, limonene, pcymene,
terpinolene,1,8-cineole, y-terpinene, linalool, linalyl
acetate, a-terpineol acetate, citronellol, nerol, terpinen-
4-oil, aterpineol, geraniol, methyl eugenol and trans-
nerolidol
Uses
Cardamom oil has a vast range of usage for
treatment of sciatica, coughs, abdominal
pains, spasm and nervous disorders.
Traditionally, it is used for pulmonary
disease, fever, digestive and urinary problems
in India and China for over 3000 years. It is
also used to flavour pharmaceutical products.
Apart from pharmaceutical usage, cardamom
oil is also used as a fragrant in soaps,
perfumes and cosmetic products
 PROCEDURE
1. The setup includes a steam generator that is connected
to a round bottom flask with a glass tube for the steam to
enter. The flask has another glass tube that leads to a
water condenser, which is then connected to a receiver
using an adaptor.

2. Fill the steam generator with about 750ml of water

and start heating it to create steam.

3. In the round bottom flask, add around 75g of crushed

saunf (aniseed).

4. Let a strong flow of steam from the steam generator go

through the round bottom flask.

5. Some of the steam will condense inside the round

bottom flask. As more steam flows in, the steam carries
the volatile parts of the saunf through the condenser.
These parts will collect in the receiver when they
condense.

6.You can heat the contents in the round bottom flask

with a bunsen burner to stop too much steam from
condensing.

7. Keep the steam distillation going for about 30 minutes.

08

Pour the distillate into a separating funnel and use 20 mL

 of petroleum ether to extract it three times.

09

Mix the petroleum ether extracts in a 250 mL conical

flask and dry it using anhydrous sodium sulfate.

10

Carefully distill the dried filtrate in a water bath to

remove the solvent, leaving the essential oil in the
distillation flask.

11

Weigh the essential oil you extracted. Make sure to note

its color, smell, and weight.
 OBSERVATIONS

SAUNF OIL (ANISEED):

Weight of saunf taken: 100g
Initial weight of bottle: 10g
Weight of bottle+ essential oil= 11.4g
Weight of essential oil extracted: 11.4- 10= 1.4g
% of essential oil= 1.4%
Colour of the oil: colourless
Odour of the oil: saunf like smell.

CAROM OIL (AJWAIN):

Weight of saunf taken: 100g
Initial weight of bottle: 10g
Weight of bottle+ essential oil= 11.1
Weight of essential oil extracted: 11.1- 10= 1.1g
 % of essential oil= 1.1%
Colour of the oil: colourless
Odour of the oil: ajwain like smell.

CARDAMOM OIL (ILLAICHI):

Weight of saunf taken: 100g

Initial weight of bottle: 10g
Weight of bottle+ essential oil= 12.3
Weight of essential oil extracted: 12.3- 10= 2.3g
% of essential oil= 2.3%
Colour of the oil: colourless
Odour of the oil: cardamom like smell.
 CONCLUSION

In this experiment, I learned how to extract essential oils

from saunf (aniseed), ajwain (carom seeds), and
cardamom using steam distillation.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

https://in.pinterest.com/
Class 12 NCERT Chemistry textbook
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential_oil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Fennel#Chemistry
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
cardamom#Chemistry
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
ajwain#Chemistry