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FIRE-FIGTHING-SYSTEM

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16 views7 pages

FIRE-FIGTHING-SYSTEM

Uploaded by

pearlricajean.valente
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FIRE FIGTHING SYSTEM

A firefighting system is probably the most important of the building services, as its aim is to
protect human lives and property strictly in that order.

It consist of three basic parts.


1. A large storage of water tank, either underground or on the top of the building, called
fire storage tanks.
2. A specialized pumping system.
3. 3. A large network of pipes ending in either hydrants, sprinklers or fire hose reels
(nearly all building require both of these systems).

FIRE STORAGE TANK

A fire storage tank should be designed to provide maximum amount of water + 20%
additional allowance to provide enough water to extinguish a fire in a building. The size of the
tank varies depending on the size of the building. The bigger the building is, the storage tank
will be also bigger.
For bigger systems, multiple storage tanks are recommended up to 3 tanks in total.
It is not allowed to use the domestic water to be used as a fire storage tank.
Fire storage tanks, are normally installed on ground, underground or in the top of the
building where the fire pump room is also installed.

FIRE PUMPS

Fire pumps are the heart of the firefighting system. The fire pump injects enough water to
the firefighting system to make sure there is enough volume of water and pressure to
extinguish the fire up to the farthest portion of the system.
Fire pumps are designed to give up to 150% of the flow requirement of a certain building.
In recent times a firefighting system has three (3) pumps in one system which are defined as
follows:
1. Main Fire pump – This pump is an electric powered pump and is the main pump to
work during fire emergencies.
2. Emergency Fire Pump – This pump is driven by a diesel engine, which serves as a
backup of the main pump. During fire emergency, it is very likely that the electrical

power supply will be cut off. Hence, the installation of the Emergency fire pump is
very reliable.
3. Jockey Pump- This pump are small pump installed in the system. The purpose of the
jockey pump is to maintain the pressure in the firefighting system. During standby
mode, the firefighting system gradually drops due to small leakages, air release and
water expansion and compression. Hence when the water pressure on the system
drops to a specified level, the jockey pump runs to stabilize the pressure and then
automatically cuts off when system design pressure is obtained.
The three fire pumps works with each other to obtain the efficiency required for the
system as described below.
“When the system pressure drops to a certain pre-programmed level the jockey pump
runs. When the jockey cannot sustain the pressure drop and the pressure continuously
drops, the electric fire pump runs, and if the electric fire pump cannot also sustain the
pressure drop, then the emergency fire pump will also run. Once this fire pump will run, it
will not stop unless it will be manually shut down or until it will break.”

FIRE HYDRANTS

A fire hydrant or firecock (archaic) is


a connection point by
which firefighters can tap into a water
supply. It is a component of active fire
protection. Underground fire hydrants
have been used in Europe and Asia
since at least the 18th century. Above-
ground pillar-type hydrants are a 19th-
century invention

FIRE HOSE REELS

Fire hose reels are located at strategic


places in buildings to provide a
reasonably accessible and controlled
supply of water for fire extinguishing. ...
The system is manually operated and
activated by opening a valve enabling
the water to flow into the hose that is
typically 30 meters away.
FIRE SPRINKLERS

A fire sprinkler system is an active fire protection method, consisting of a water supply
system, providing adequate pressure and flowrate to a water distribution piping system, onto
which fire sprinklers are connected. Although historically only used in factories and large
commercial buildings, systems for homes and small buildings are now available at a cost-
effective price.

Fire sprinklers are triggered once they reach a certain temperature, which is detected with
the help of a glass bulb. The bulb is filled with a glycerin-based liquid that expands and breaks
the bulb once a specified temperature is reached.

The glass bulb differs in color which is denoted by its different application. Normally, sprinkler
glass bulbs are of orange, red, yellow, green, blue, white and violet color.
FOUR TYPES OF SPRINKLER HEADS

There are four main types of sprinkler heads:

1. Pendent Sprinkler Heads

 Hangs down from the ceiling


 Sprays water downward in circular pattern to maximize coverage
 Ideal for offices, hotels, and factories etc.

2. Concealed Pendant Heads

 Are located within the ceiling and are hidden by a cover plate
 Works similar to a pendent sprinkler head after the cover plate falls off once it
reaches 20˚F lower than fire sprinkler temperature
 Ideal for places where aesthetic is a concern

3. Upright Sprinkler Heads

 Stands upright
 Sprays water upward in a hemispherical pattern
 Useful in buildings with exposed ceilings like mechanical rooms or hard to reach
places like beams and ducts

4. Side Wall Sprinkler Heads

 Mounted on the side of wall, only have half of a deflector


 Sprays water in half circle/crescent shape
 Great for small rooms, hallways, and places sprinkler pipes run up walls

In addition to coming in different types, other options such as temperature, finish, and
response time are also available.

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