Cyclone

In the northern hemisphere it is usually located in the right rear flank (back edge
with respect to direction of movement) of a supercell, or often on the eastern, or
leading, flank of a high-precipitation variety of supercell. The area overlaid by a
mesocyclone’s circulation may be several miles (km) wide, but substantially larger
than any tornado that may develop within it, and it is within mesocyclones that
intense tornadoes form.

There are 4 types of cyclones and they are:

Tropical cyclone.
Polar cyclone.
Mesocyclone.
Extratropical cyclone.

Tropical cyclone

A tropical cyclone is an intense circular storm that originates over warm tropical
oceans. It is also called a hurricane or a typhoon. It is characterized by low
atmospheric pressure and heavy rain, and its winds exceed 119 km (74 miles) per
hour.

How do tropical cyclones form?

A cluster of thunderstorms can develop over warm tropical oceans. If that cluster
persists in an area of low pressure, it can start rotating. If the conditions are
just right, the cluster of thunderstorms can grow in size and sustain itself and
then develop into a tropical cyclone.

Polar cyclone:

Arctic cyclones can cause sea ice to melt more rapidly. Their strong winds can
break and churn the ice and pull warmer waters upwards that would otherwise be ice-
capped.

How do polar cyclones formed?

The warm air from the tropics and cold air from the poles begins to flow
counterclockwise around the low pressure, forming a cyclone.

Mesocyclone:

A mesocyclone is a meso-gamma mesoscale (or storm scale) region of rotation

(vortex), typically around 2 to 6 mi (3.2 to 9.7 km) in diameter, most often
noticed on radar within thunderstorms. In the northern hemisphere it is usually
located in the right rear flank (back edge with respect to direction of movement)
of a supercell, or often on the eastern, or leading, flank of a high-precipitation
variety of supercell. The area overlaid by a mesocyclone’s circulation may be
several miles (km) wide, but substantially larger than any tornado that may develop
within it, and it is within mesocyclones that intense tornadoes form.

How do mesocyclone form?

Mesocyclones are believed to form when strong changes of wind speed and/or
direction with height ('wind shear') sets parts of the lower atmosphere spinning in
invisible tube-like rolls.
Extratropical cyclone:

Extratropical cyclones, sometimes called mid-latitude cyclones or wave cyclones,

are low-pressure areas which, along with the anticyclones of high-pressure areas,
drive the weather over much of the Earth. Extratropical cyclones are capable of
producing anything from cloudiness and mild showers to severe gales, thunderstorms,
blizzards, and tornadoes. These types of cyclones are defined as large scale
(synoptic) low pressure weather systems that occur in the middle latitudes of the
Earth. In contrast with tropical cyclones, extratropical cyclones produce rapid
changes in temperature and dew point along broad lines, called weather fronts,
about the center of the cyclone.

How do extratropical cyclones formed?

According to the polar-front theory, extratropical cyclones develop when a wave

forms on a frontal surface separating a warm air mass from a cold air mass.
THE FIRST CYCLONE OCCURED IN INDIA

Severe Cyclonic Storm Laila was the first cyclonic storm to affect southeastern
India in May since the 1990 Andhra Pradesh cyclone. The first tropical cyclone of
the annual season, Laila developed on May 17 in the Bay of Bengal from a persistent
area of convection. Strengthening as it tracked northwestward, it became a severe
cyclonic storm on May 19. The next day, Laila made landfall in Andhra Pradesh, and
it later dissipated over land. It caused flooding and damage along its path.

The 1999 Odisha cyclone (IMD designation BOB 06,[1] JTWC designation 05B[3]) was
the most intense recorded tropical cyclone in the North Indian Ocean and among the
most destructive in the region.[note 1] The 1999 Odisha cyclone organized into a
tropical depression in the Andaman Sea on 25 October, though its origins could be
traced back to an area of convection in the Sulu Sea four days prior. The
disturbance gradually strengthened as it took a west-northwesterly path, reaching
cyclonic storm strength the next day.
The storm maintained this intensity as it made landfall on Odisha on 29 October.
The cyclone steadily weakened due to persistent land interaction and dry air,
remaining quasi-stationary for two days before slowly drifting offshore as a much
weaker system; the storm dissipated on 4 November over the Bay of Bengal.

Cyclone: Do's & Dont's

.Before the Cyclone season:

#Check the house; secure loose tiles and carry out repairs of doors and windows

#Remove dead branches or dying trees close to the house; anchor removable objects
such as lumber piles, loose tin sheets, loose bricks, garbage cans, sign-boards
etc. which can fly in strong winds

#Keep some wooden boards ready so that glass windows can be boarded if needed

#Keep a hurricane lantern filled with kerosene, battery operated torches and enough
dry cells
Demolish condemned buildings

#Keep some extra batteries for transistors

#Keep some dry non-perishable food always ready for use in emergency
.Necessary actions

#The actions that need to be taken in the event of a cyclone threat can broadly be
divided into :

#Immediately before the cyclone season

#When cyclone alerts and warnings are communicated

.When the Cyclone starts

#Listen to the radio (All India Radio stations give weather warnings).

#Keep monitoring the warnings. This will help you prepare for a cyclone emergency.

#Pass the information to others.

#Ignore rumours and do not spread them; this will help to avoid panic situations.

#Believe in the official information

#When a cyclone alert is on for your area continue normal working but stay alert to
the radio warnings.

#Stay alert for the next 24 hours as a cyclone alert means that the danger is
within 24 hours.

.When your area is under cyclone warning get away from low-lying beaches or other
low-lying areas close to the coast

#Leave early before your way to high ground or shelter gets flooded

#Do not delay and run the risk of being marooned

#If your house is securely built on high ground take shelter in the safe part of
the house. However, if asked to evacuate do not hesitate to leave the place.
Board up glass windows or put storm shutters in place.

#Provide strong suitable support for outside doors.

#If you do not have wooden boards handy, paste paper strips on glasses to prevent
splinters. However, this may not avoid breaking windows.
Get extra food, which can be eaten without cooking. Store extra drinking water in
suitably covered vessels.

#If you have to evacuate the house move your valuable articles to upper floors to
minimize flood damage.

#Ensure that your hurricane lantern, torches or other emergency lights are in
working condition and keep them handy.

#Small and loose things, which can fly in strong winds, should be stored safely in
a room.

#Be sure that a window and door can be opened only on the side opposite to the one
facing the wind.
#Make provision for children and adults requiring special diet.

#If the centre of the cyclone is passing directly over your house there will be a
lull in the wind and rain lasting for half an hour or so. During this time do not
go out; because immediately after that, very strong winds will blow from the
opposite direction.

#Switch off the electrical mains in your house.

#Remain calm.

.During a cyclone

#DO NOT venture out even when the winds appear to calm down. The 'eye' of the
cyclone might be passing. Winds might intensify and gush again and cause damage. Be
safe inside till it is officially announced that the cyclone has passed.

.When Evacuation is instructed

#Pack essentials for yourself and your family to last a few days. These should
include medicines, special food for babies and children or elders.
Head for the proper shelter or evacuation points indicated for your area.

#Do not worry about your property

#At the shelter follow instructions of the person in charge.

#Remain in the shelter until you are informed to leave

.Post-cyclone measures

#You should remain in the shelter until informed that you can return to your home.

#You must get inoculated against diseases immediately.

#Strictly avoid any loose and dangling wires from lamp posts.

#If you have to drive, do drive carefully.

#Clear debris from your premises immediately.

S. No.

Year

Name of Cyclone

Region

1970

Bhola Cyclone

Bay of Bengal
1990

Super Cyclonic storm BOB 01

Bay of Bengal

1999

Odisha Cyclone

Bay of Bengal

2002

Cyclone BOB 03

Bay of Bengal

2005

Cyclone Pyarr

Bay of Bengal

2008

Cyclone Storm Nisha

Indian Ocean

2009

Cyclone Phyan

Arabian Sea

2012

Cyclone Nilam

Bay of Bengal

2013

Cyclone Phailin

Bay of Bengal

2014
Cyclone Hudhud

Bay of Bengal

2016

Cyclone Vardah

Bay of Bengal

2018

Cyclone Titli

Bay of Bengal

2019

Cyclone Fani

Bay of Bengal

2019

Cyclone Bulbul

Bay of Bengal

2020

Cyclone Amphan

Bay of Bengal

2021

Cyclone Tauktae

Arabian Sea

2021

Cyclone Yaas

Bay of Bengal

2021

Cyclone Gulab
Arabian Sea

2021

Cyclone Jawad

Bay of Bengal

2022

Cyclone Asani

Bay of Bengal

2022

Cyclone Sitrang

Bay of Bengal

2022

Cyclone Mandoug

Bay of Bengal