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IX-PROBABILITY(NOTES)

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17 views3 pages

IX-PROBABILITY(NOTES)

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spotlightstar3243
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CHAPTER-15: PROBABILITY

CLASS : IX (CBSE) SUBJECT : MATHEMATICS

Random experiment:-
An experiment can be performed any number of times under similar identical conditions , but the
result is not same is called a random experiment.
1) Tossing a coin is a random experiment
2) Rolling a die is a random experiment

Event: An experiment or a task or a trail of certain incident to happen is called as event.

OR

In a random experiment all possible out comes are called events.

Eg: Getting head and tail are event in tossing of a coin

Showing an even number on the top when a die is rolled .That is 2,4,6

Drawing face card from a well shuffled pack of cards….. etc

Equally likely events:

Events are said to be equally likely if the happening of every event is same chances.

Ex: Tossing a coin, getting head and tail are same chances.

Favourable outcomes: The chance of happening of an expected outcomes of an experiment are


called favorable outcomes..

Probability: The numerical value of chance of happening of an event is called probability.

Let E be an event of happening and probability of that event is calculated as follows

P(E) = Number of outcomes favorable to E

Total number of outcomes

Complementary event: If p(E) denotes probability of happening of an event then p( E ) denotes

The probability of not happening of that event and here E is called complementary event of E and is
given by ( )
p E = 1− p ( E )

( )
p(E) + p E =1

MATHEMATICS/NOTES/MARCH 2021 E-2 Pg-1


Types of chances:

Chance

No chance poor chance even chance good chance sure chance

Impossible less likely equally likely Most likely certain events


events events events events (sure events)
Note: If there is no chance of happening of an event in an experiment then it is called impossible
event and 100% happening of an event is called certain event.

The probability of an impossible event is zero and a certain event is always 1

Hence probability of any event always lies between 0 to 1, i.e 0  p( E )  1

Probability

Experimental probability Theoretical probability


(Empirical probability) (Classical probability)

➢ In experimental probabilities, the experiment/task will be conducted and outcomes will be


recorded and probabilities will be calculated based on the recorded outcomes.

➢ Sometimes conducting of experiments may not possible, in such cases probabilities will be
calculated based on the assumptions and possible outcomes, are called theoretical
probabilities .
Elementary event: Each element of the sample space of a random experiment is called an
elementary event and sum of probabilities of al elementary events of an experiment is always 1
i.e let E1,E2,E3…………..En are all possible elementary events of an experiment, then
P(E1)+P(E2)+P(E3)+………………………..+P(En) = 1

MATHEMATICS/NOTES/MARCH 2021 E-2 Pg-2


Different experiments and their outcomes

Experiment Possible outcomes Total


1 coin tossed H,T 2
2 coins tossed HH,HT,TH,TT 4
3 coins tossed HHH,HHT,HTH,HTT 8
THH,THT,TTH,TTT

1 Die is rolled 1,2,3,4,5,6 6


2 dice are rolled (1,1)(1,2)(1,3)(1,4)(1,5)(1,6) 36
(2,1)(2,2)………………(2,6)
……………………………..
(6,1)(6,2)………………(6,6)

Classification of Cards

MATHEMATICS/NOTES/MARCH 2021 E-2 Pg-3

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