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2.Modulation and Demodulation

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JYOTI SHARMA
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3 views

2.Modulation and Demodulation

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JYOTI SHARMA
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© © All Rights Reserved
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\ o [et Pen coe ta cic ono ay Speen late ieee eerreeeeeroreeeee a ab ~_~3t ties op- Modulation 2 . ‘| @ scanned with OKEN Scanner \ a a [ ———Tn_pera_the_cinalog_ingoomation signal sampled — ta descrete tine fnlerual, gach sample is hen converted 40 0 sepial n- bit _binapy code. ——“this_binaey code consisting of strings Of O¢ 1. _ — tp ic ogtc Y__fepresents _as ‘pulse’. ogic 0 represents OS ' Na pulse’. 0 Pr essentially has +hpee steps + | Sampling 2) Quontisation | =4 ign m i amples Lapa SC wis We) thus, at the end of the step continuous analog signal_is_conuepted into _clescrete time 7 q) —J —A., sampling. — 4 @ scanned with OKEN Scanner ‘finite number of values. tan i imi UMbey combinahons. “The _quatized _sample ape assign o_binapy — qr ti \ \ 4 ro | i; ati coded in b % ~ Se Pom system 5 pcm modulator consists op 2 * ii iS iHer x __$) sampler | 3] converter > | 4] tow pass piitop ‘ | 5) abc 2 pac , i 2 a > tl IS ed 1 i rile ' @ scanned with OKEN Scanner ~\\\ Way) ampler at samples the infopmotian signa) ato Nyquist pate. 4 3 2 Apc —rhe_voriable_cimplitude descrete signal is canuerte 6 encaded cligifal foem using Abc. —4]|_parniiel - seria} conueeter _____— ¥ | the digitally converted deta jg in paralied tion uses serial — e —foem._All_ong distance communice: Inde, se _parauiel_cafa needs tobe converted — ~—linto sepia using_Pparallel-_seriol= | =this is dane by —_conuerter - __this_daja is then jrongmitted quer channel - @ scanned with OKEN Scanner q [Page No] 24") | [Bate es L ) LS AL ; ite " coded dada back info_analag-—Ingrramnatian, ~ i j)_Sepia) -parallel ee ibinceitnds pace a tonuertessental_binarsy coe etek eh enieels The pamllel pom Cle to — : lanaiog to peproduced the opiginal_anaiog isignal » ! ! a i ae Noplications af_PCM —_8 | i do: n aS | commercial conpies ke the bei) systems cappien OSe PCM system of : h s smit voice signal quer | fou fo +1 | Uinitofions op Per * o dre n, 2 si A loeqe amount oF fopu - deansmitted £pifopy information has 49 @ scanned with OKEN Scanner y TT Controls ay oscillator FSk Ojp « {weoy_, ae “Pechnel @ scanned with OKEN Scanner wo i ilo} Anko 7. Esk_medulation dechriquc—is ue ee a —pansmissions._hene_inpaemetion signal 9 ee -\___ i.e, sining_of_ones 4_20n0s_(1's 4-08) a 5 'signol_is Analog._medulated_signal_also_ahalog, : a sce __ stn fsR_connesponding_4o binary o¢ he 8ign waves of 2 difpemen! frequencies are 4ponsmi ie. for_pinopy__a= fo frequeney} for. binary > Jas Fi_frequency i a ; ch | A i ed_mark frequency iW fre. Lis ca : 7 | freq. fo is call ed__space —Prequency 7\___sthis_change_fn_freq._is obtain by changing cannier freq. r ~N | fck Modulator _¢ Demodulator: ~—__fsk_modulafon _is__simply_an_oscitlafon whose ; uu Nc s s above Sig. shows an fsk _modutaton using voltage _ 5 co later (VCo). ca generates ojp s ‘Sgnal_whose freq. is dependent an_ip voltage _ S————shen_binopy__4 jp is Opplied co op i Oscillafes with $4 freq NE Lh Nogic a yp ShINS +he yco orp tothe < [po gre : : / 4 | ane ; 7 Jpetpives back digital data; “Follows + it Wonks as_ I I ae ees | @ scanned with OKEN Scanner ; yi ; tind amplitude — detector _ojp i ‘ fip's . The Comparator compares tho two 1p Signal ¢ #S_o\P__is_either positive gotupation ap -ve 1 rc =that_means it generates oithen binaey 4 on binary. Q signals. | # phase shift eying 1Psk) + 4 : i, ' a ! Pal A nt depending upon where the data fs ero op ‘phase _dippepence of “Ir. @ scanned with OKEN Scanner ae | Ll fi = SS Guadea{ure phase. apy_Reying —$ n_apsk modulation _4- phases _are_~ | eanamfssion_. phase difference * Ue bet each a ae the major advantage op ~ + psk $6 the bal f ¢ t half_of +the ppsk ws Mey 1 =Truth table far nd . = ue igs P py ual qpsk api put A Ons up ya phase « 0 + 0. as° : olliiaisliciil abt8S°D uv | | +. m } _ y 6 aise T hs | rs | 1 225° BK | ial sclesetsesssiaease ® | i a) phase diagram > ot t 26 ye pgs? ‘ i + WI 1 as® N { i , | ? ote | 2057 ae X uv 10 ct is = @ scanned with OKEN Scanner \ae\ ———— | constellation — Ofagpam 208 No = 19 i] 22 a | / Ty 4 OI aT —> 10 —T —T - 4 [ i ls voit i QPSK Modulafon I \ Balanced , tt ‘ oh Modulator LC } Binary tf L : : F [aaa | [Reference | =e l | comnien { I ae phase | oscillafor| i | = | eft ej Tf shift spl [ —| | linear _|— lt ep! A i [ rr Summer} of @ scanned with OKEN Scanner | Nove_gig. shows _@PSR_mModulator cfrcutt. . © | \_D-bil_is_inpute ul} Senet anion Ca — pion 1s_data_inta_parallel VVV\\ t can Se ee the +o -+the g- channel, 6 athe t-bit modulates +he carrier _j-e. Inphase wwith the pePerence ascflator. VAVVAVAA © “he g-bil_modulales the cappier i.e. 90° outoge e =the go° culofr phase signals of + £@ modulators “2p fermhinesl_—in_ inert Summers. Lig a L @psk Domodulatop DT TTT] @ scanned with OKEN Scanner LPF te | roduct LPE =channet >) Cetecton_ | i @ @ scanned with OKEN Scanner

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