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Assignment 1F

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Assignment 1F

Uploaded by

wesleymvura
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment 1

1.A seismic wave is incident normally on a reflector with a reflection coefficient R of


0.01. What proportion of the incident energy is transmitted?[4]

2.What is the root-mean-square velocity in reflection surveying, and how is it related to


interval velocity and to stacking velocity?[4]

3. A zero-offset reflection event at 1.000s has a normal moveout (NMO) of 0.005s at


200m offset. What is the stacking velocity? [3]

4. A single-ended refraction profile designed to determine the depth to an underlying


horizontal refractor reveals a top layer velocity of 3.0kms-1 and a refractor velocity of
5.0kms-1. The crossover distance is found to be 500m. What is the refractor depth? [6]

5. What are the magnitudes of the terrain correction at gravity stations

(a) at the top,[2]

(b) at the base, and[2]

(c) half-way up a vertical cliff 100m high?[2]

6. Using the method of electrical images, derive the relationship between apparent
resistivity, electrode spacing, layer thicknesses and resistivities for a VES performed
with a Schlumberger spread over a single horizontal interface between media with
resistivities 𝜌1 and 𝜌2.[8]

7. Why are the electrical methods of exploration particularly suited to hydrogeological


investigations? Describe other geophysical methods which could be used in this
context, stating the reasons why they are applicable.[4]

8.Calculate the depth of penetration of electromagnetic fields with frequencies of 10,


500 and 2000kHz in:

(a) wet sandstone with a conductivity of 10-1 Sm-1,[4]

(b) massive limestone with a conductivity of 2.5X10-4 Sm-1, [4]

(c) granite with a conductivity of 10-6 Sm-1.[4]

9. Which geophysical methods are particularly suitable for archaeological applications?


[3]

10. Figure 1 shows various ground geophysical measurements taken over volcanic terrain in
Chipinge, Zimbabwe. The EM survey was conducted with a system using horizontal,
coplanar coils 100m apart and a frequency of 444Hz. The time domain IP survey used a
double-dipole array with a basic electrode separation of 25m. Interpret these data as fully as
possible. What further information would be necessary before an exploratory borehole were

sunk?
Fig 1: shows various ground geophysical measurements taken over volcanic terrain in
Chipinge, Zimbabwe. [20]

TOTAL 70 Marks

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