The Ultimate Guide to the

Top 100 Excel Functions

MAKE YOUR DATA WORK FOR YOU

POOJA PAWAR
1. Mathematical and Trigonometric Functions
1. SUM

o Syntax: SUM(number1, [number2], …)

o Adds all the numbers in a range of cells.

o Example: SUM(A1:A5) adds the values in cells A1 to A5.

2. AVERAGE

o Syntax: AVERAGE(number1, [number2], …)

o Returns the arithmetic mean of the numbers provided.

o Example: AVERAGE(B1:B5) calculates the average of the values in cells B1 to B5.

3. SUMIF

o Syntax: SUMIF(range, criteria, [sum_range])

o Adds cells specified by a given condition or criteria.

o Example: SUMIF(A1:A5, ">10") adds the values in cells A1 to A5 that are greater
than 10.

4. SUMIFS

o Syntax: SUMIFS(sum_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, [criteria_range2, criteria2], …)

o Adds cells that meet multiple criteria.

o Example: SUMIFS(B1:B5, A1:A5, ">10", C1:C5, "<20") adds values in B1 where A1 is

greater than 10 and C1 is less than 20.

5. COUNT

o Syntax: COUNT(value1, [value2], …)

o Counts the number of cells that contain numbers.

o Example: COUNT(A1:A10) counts the number of cells in the range A1 to A10 that
contain numbers.

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6. COUNTA

o Syntax: COUNTA(value1, [value2], …)

o Counts the number of cells that are not empty.

o Example: COUNTA(A1:A10) counts the number of cells in the range A1 to A10 that
are not empty.

7. COUNTIF

o Syntax: COUNTIF(range, criteria)

o Counts the number of cells that meet a single criterion.

o Example: COUNTIF(A1:A10, ">5") counts the number of cells in the range A1 to

A10 that are greater than 5.

8. COUNTIFS

o Syntax: COUNTIFS(criteria_range1, criteria1, [criteria_range2, criteria2], …)

o Counts the number of cells that meet multiple criteria.

o Example: COUNTIFS(A1:A10, ">5", B1:B10, "<10") counts the number of cells where
A1 is greater than 5 and B1 is less than 10.

9. PRODUCT

o Syntax: PRODUCT(number1, [number2], …)

o Multiplies all the numbers given as arguments.

o Example: PRODUCT(A1:A5) multiplies the values in cells A1 to A5.

10. SQRT

o Syntax: SQRT(number)

o Returns the square root of a number.

o Example: SQRT(16) returns 4.

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11. MOD

o Syntax: MOD(number, divisor)

o Returns the remainder after a number is divided by a divisor.

o Example: MOD(10, 3) returns 1.

12. ROUND

o Syntax: ROUND(number, num_digits)

o Rounds a number to a specified number of digits.

o Example: ROUND(3.14159, 2) returns 3.14.

13. ROUNDUP

o Syntax: ROUNDUP(number, num_digits)

o Rounds a number up, away from zero, to a specified number of digits.

o Example: ROUNDUP(3.14159, 2) returns 3.15.

14. ROUNDDOWN

o Syntax: ROUNDDOWN(number, num_digits)

o Rounds a number down, toward zero, to a specified number of digits.

o Example: ROUNDDOWN(3.14159, 2) returns 3.14.

15. INT

o Syntax: INT(number)

o Rounds a number down to the nearest integer.

o Example: INT(5.9) returns 5.

16. ABS

o Syntax: ABS(number)

o Returns the absolute value of a number.

o Example: ABS(-5) returns 5.

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17. POWER

o Syntax: POWER(number, power)

o Returns the result of a number raised to a power.

o Example: POWER(2, 3) returns 8.

18. RAND

o Syntax: RAND()

o Returns a random number between 0 and 1.

o Example: RAND() might return 0.543.

19. RANDBETWEEN

o Syntax: RANDBETWEEN(bottom, top)

o Returns a random integer between the numbers you specify.

o Example: RANDBETWEEN(1, 10) returns a random number between 1 and 10.

20. PI

o Syntax: PI()

o Returns the value of π (Pi).

o Example: PI() returns 3.14159265358979.

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2. Lookup and Reference Functions
21. VLOOKUP

o Syntax: VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])

o Searches for a value in the first column of a table and returns a value in the
same row from a specified column.

o Example: VLOOKUP("John", A2:C10, 2, FALSE) finds "John" in column A and returns

the value from column B.

22. HLOOKUP

o Syntax: HLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, row_index_num, [range_lookup])

o Searches for a value in the first row of a table and returns a value in the same
column from a specified row.

o Example: HLOOKUP("Q1", A1:E5, 3, FALSE) finds "Q1" in the first row and returns
the value from the third row.

23. INDEX

o Syntax: INDEX(array, row_num, [column_num])

o Returns the value of an element in a table or array, selected by the row and
column number.

o Example: INDEX(A1:C3, 2, 2) returns the value in the second row and second
column of the range A1.

24. MATCH

o Syntax: MATCH(lookup_value, lookup_array, [match_type])

o Searches for a specified value in a range and returns its relative position.

o Example: MATCH(25, A1:A10, 0) finds the position of the value 25 in the range A1.

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25. XLOOKUP

o Syntax: XLOOKUP(lookup_value, lookup_array, return_array, [if_not_found],

[match_mode], [search_mode])

o Returns a value from the corresponding position in another range o rararray.

o Example: XLOOKUP(“John”,A2:A10,B2:B10,”Not Found).

26. LOOKUP

o Syntax: LOOKUP(lookup_value, lookup_vector, [result_vector])

o Searches for a value in a vector and returns a value from the same position in
another vector.

o Example: LOOKUP(4, A1:A5, B1:B5) finds 4 in the range A1 and returns the
corresponding value from B1.

27. OFFSET

o Syntax: OFFSET(reference, rows, cols, [height], [width])

o Returns a reference to a range that is a specified number of rows and columns

from a cell or range.

o Example: OFFSET(A1, 2, 2) returns the reference to the cell that is two rows down
and two columns to the right of A1.

28. TRANSPOSE

o Syntax: TRANSPOSE(array)

o Changes the orientation of a range of cells (rows become columns, and vice
versa).

o Example: TRANSPOSE(A1:B2) converts rows to columns and vice versa.

29. HYPERLINK

o Syntax: HYPERLINK(link_location, [friendly_name])

o Creates a shortcut or jump to another location in the workbook, or an external

file.

o Example: HYPERLINK("http://example.com", "Visit Example") creates a clickable link to

"http://example.com".

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30. ADDRESS

o Syntax: ADDRESS(row_num, column_num, [abs_num], [a1], [sheet_text])

o Creates a cell address as text, given specified row and column numbers.

o Example: ADDRESS(1, 1) returns "A1".

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3. Text Functions
31. CONCAT

o Syntax: CONCAT(text1, [text2], …)

o Joins several text strings into one string.

o Example: CONCAT("Hello", " ", "World") returns "Hello World".

32. TEXT

o Syntax: TEXT(value, format_text)

o Formats a number and converts it to text.

o Example: TEXT(1234.56, "$#,##0.00") returns "$1,234.56".

33. LEFT

o Syntax: LEFT(text, [num_chars])

o Extracts the leftmost characters from a text string.

o Example: LEFT("Excel", 2) returns "Ex".

34. RIGHT

o Syntax: RIGHT(text, [num_chars])

o Extracts the rightmost characters from a text string.

o Example: RIGHT("Excel", 2) returns "el".

35. MID

o Syntax: MID(text, start_num, num_chars)

o Extracts characters from the middle of a text string.

o Example: MID("Excel", 2, 3) returns "xce".

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36. LEN

o Syntax: LEN(text)

o Returns the number of characters in a text string.

o Example: LEN("Excel") returns 5.

37. FIND

o Syntax: FIND(find_text, within_text, [start_num])

o Finds the position of a substring within another text string.

o Example: FIND("e", "Excel") returns 1.

38. SEARCH

o Syntax: SEARCH(find_text, within_text, [start_num])

o Similar to FIND, but not case-sensitive.

o Example: SEARCH("e", "Excel") returns 1.

39. TRIM

o Syntax: TRIM(text)

o Removes extra spaces from text, leaving only single spaces between words.

o Example: TRIM(" Excel ") returns "Excel".

40. UPPER

o Syntax: UPPER(text)

o Converts text to uppercase.

o Example: UPPER("Excel") returns "EXCEL".

41. LOWER

o Syntax: LOWER(text)

o Converts text to lowercase.

o Example: LOWER("Excel") returns "excel".

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42. PROPER

o Syntax: PROPER(text)

o Capitalizes the first letter of each word in a text string.

o Example: PROPER("hello world") returns "Hello World".

43. REPLACE

o Syntax: REPLACE(old_text, start_num, num_chars, new_text)

o Replaces part of a text string with a different text string.

o Example: REPLACE("Excel", 1, 2, "Ax") returns "Axcel".

44. SUBSTITUTE

o Syntax: SUBSTITUTE(text, old_text, new_text, [instance_num])

o Substitutes new text for old text in a string.

o Example: SUBSTITUTE("Excel", "e", "a") returns "Excal".

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4. Date and Time Functions
45. TODAY

o Syntax: TODAY()

o Returns the current date.

o Example: TODAY() returns today's date.

46. NOW

o Syntax: NOW()

o Returns the current date and time.

o Example: NOW() returns the current date and time.

47. DATE

o Syntax: DATE(year, month, day)

o Returns the serial number of a specific date.

o Example: DATE(2024, 9, 17) returns the serial number representing that date.

48. DATEVALUE

o Syntax: DATEVALUE(date_text)

o Converts a date in text format to a serial number.

o Example: DATEVALUE("1/1/2024") returns the serial number of the date.

49. DAY

o Syntax: DAY(serial_number)

o Returns the day of a date, as a number from 1 to 31.

o Example: DAY("1/1/2024") returns 1.

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50. MONTH

o Syntax: MONTH(serial_number)

o Returns the month of a date, as a number from 1 (January) to 12 (December).

o Example: MONTH("1/1/2024") returns 1.

51. YEAR

o Syntax: YEAR(serial_number)

o Returns the year of a date.

o Example: YEAR("1/1/2024") returns 2024.

52. HOUR

o Syntax: HOUR(serial_number)

o Returns the hour of a time value, as a number from 0 (12:00 AM) to 23 (11:00
PM).

o Example: HOUR("2:30 PM") returns 14.

53. MINUTE

o Syntax: MINUTE(serial_number)

o Returns the minute of a time value, as a number from 0 to 59.

o Example: MINUTE("2:30 PM") returns 30.

54. SECOND

o Syntax: SECOND(serial_number)

o Returns the second of a time value, as a number from 0 to 59.

o Example: SECOND("2:30:15 PM") returns 15.

55. WEEKDAY

o Syntax: WEEKDAY(serial_number, [return_type])

o Returns the day of the week corresponding to a date.

o Example: WEEKDAY("1/1/2024") returns 2 (Monday).

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56. WORKDAY

o Syntax: WORKDAY(start_date, days, [holidays])

o Returns the date before or after a specified number of workdays.

o Example: WORKDAY("1/1/2024", 10) returns the date 10 workdays after January 1,

2024.

57. NETWORKDAYS

o Syntax: NETWORKDAYS(start_date, end_date, [holidays])

o Returns the number of whole workdays between two dates.

o Example: NETWORKDAYS("1/1/2024", "1/10/2024") returns the number of workdays

between the two dates.

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5. Logical Functions
58. IF

o Syntax: IF(logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false)

o Returns one value if a condition is TRUE and another value if it is FALSE.

o Example: IF(A1 > 10, "Yes", "No") returns "Yes" if A1 is greater than 10, otherwise
"No".

59. IFERROR

o Syntax: IFERROR(value, value_if_error)

o Returns a value you specify if a formula evaluates to an error; otherwise, it

returns the result of the formula.

o Example: IFERROR(A1/B1, "Error") returns "Error" if B1 is 0.

60. AND

o Syntax: AND(logical1, [logical2], …)

o Returns TRUE if all arguments are TRUE.

o Example: AND(A1 > 10, B1 < 5) returns TRUE if both conditions are met.

61. OR

o Syntax: OR(logical1, [logical2], …)

o Returns TRUE if any argument is TRUE.

o Example: OR(A1 > 10, B1 < 5) returns TRUE if either condition is met.

62. NOT

o Syntax: NOT(logical)

o Reverses the logical value of its argument.

o Example: NOT(A1 > 10) returns TRUE if A1 is not greater than 10.

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6. Financial Functions
63. PMT

o Syntax: PMT(rate, nper, pv, [fv], [type])

o Returns the payment for a loan based on constant payments and a constant
interest rate.

o Example: PMT(5%/12, 60, 10000) returns the monthly payment for a loan of
$10,000 over 60 months at 5% annual interest.

64. PV

o Syntax: PV(rate, nper, pmt, [fv], [type])

o Returns the present value of an investment.

o Example: PV(5%/12, 60, -200) returns the present value of receiving $200 monthly
for 60 months at 5% annual interest.

65. FV

o Syntax: FV(rate, nper, pmt, [pv], [type])

o Returns the future value of an investment.

o Example: FV(5%/12, 60, -200) returns the future value of receiving $200 monthly
for 60 months at 5% annual interest.

66. RATE

o Syntax: RATE(nper, pmt, pv, [fv], [type], [guess])

o Returns the interest rate per period of an annuity.

o Example: RATE(60, -200, 10000) calculates the monthly interest rate of a loan of
$10,000 with a $200 payment over 60 months.

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67. NPV

o Syntax: NPV(rate, value1, [value2], …)

o Returns the net present value of an investment based on a series of periodic

cash flows and a discount rate.

o Example: NPV(5%, -10000, 2000, 3000, 4000) calculates the NPV of cash flows.

68. IRR

o Syntax: IRR(values, [guess])

o Returns the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows.

o Example: IRR(A1:A5) returns the IRR for the cash flows in cells A1 to A5.

69. XIRR

o Syntax: XIRR(values, dates, [guess])

o Returns the internal rate of return for a schedule of cash flows that is not
necessarily periodic.

o Example: XIRR(A1:A5, B1:B5) calculates the IRR for cash flows in A1 with
corresponding dates in B1.

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7. Statistical Functions
70. AVERAGEIF

o Syntax: AVERAGEIF(range, criteria, [average_range])

o Returns the average of the cells that meet a single criterion.

o Example: AVERAGEIF(A1:A10, ">10") returns the average of cells in A1 that are

greater than 10.

71. MEDIAN

o Syntax: MEDIAN(number1, [number2], …)

o Returns the median of the given numbers.

o Example: MEDIAN(1, 3, 5, 7) returns 4.

72. MODE.SNGL

o Syntax: MODE.SNGL(number1, [number2], …)

o Returns the most frequently occurring number in a data set.

o Example: MODE.SNGL(1, 2, 2, 3) returns 2.

73. STDEV.P

o Syntax: STDEV.P(number1, [number2], …)

o Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population.

o Example: STDEV.P(1, 2, 3, 4) returns the standard deviation of the numbers 1, 2,

3, and 4.

74. STDEV.S

o Syntax: STDEV.S(number1, [number2], …)

o Calculates standard deviation based on a sample.

o Example: STDEV.S(1, 2, 3, 4) returns the standard deviation for the sample data.

75. VAR.P

o Syntax: VAR.P(number1, [number2], …)

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 o Calculates variance based on the entire population.

o Example: VAR.P(1, 2, 3, 4) returns the variance of the numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4.

76. VAR.S

o Syntax: VAR.S(number1, [number2], …)

o Calculates variance based on a sample.

o Example: VAR.S(1, 2, 3, 4) returns the variance for the sample data.

77. PERCENTILE.EXC

o Syntax: PERCENTILE.EXC(array, k)

o Returns the k-th percentile of values in a range, excluding the endpoints.

o Example: PERCENTILE.EXC(A1:A10, 0.9) returns the 90th percentile of values in A1.

78. PERCENTILE.INC

o Syntax: PERCENTILE.INC(array, k)

o Returns the k-th percentile of values in a range, including the endpoints.

o Example: PERCENTILE.INC(A1:A10, 0.9) returns the 90th percentile of values in A1.

79. QUARTILE.EXC

o Syntax: QUARTILE.EXC(array, quart)

o Returns the quartile of a data set, based on percentile values, excluding the
median.

o Example: QUARTILE.EXC(A1:A10, 2) returns the second quartile (median) of A1.

80. QUARTILE.INC

o Syntax: QUARTILE.INC(array, quart)

o Returns the quartile of a data set, based on percentile values, including the
median.

o Example: QUARTILE.INC(A1:A10, 2) returns the second quartile (median) of A1.

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8. Information Functions
81. ISNUMBER

o Syntax: ISNUMBER(value)

o Checks whether a value is a number.

o Example: ISNUMBER(A1) returns TRUE if A1 contains a number.

82. ISBLANK

o Syntax: ISBLANK(value)

o Checks whether a cell is empty.

o Example: ISBLANK(A1) returns TRUE if A1 is empty.

83. ISERROR

o Syntax: ISERROR(value)

o Checks whether a value is an error.

o Example: ISERROR(A1/B1) returns TRUE if the formula results in an error.

84. ISEVEN

o Syntax: ISEVEN(number)

o Checks whether a number is even.

o Example: ISEVEN(4) returns TRUE.

85. ISODD

o Syntax: ISODD(number)

o Checks whether a number is odd.

o Example: ISODD(3) returns TRUE.

86. ISTEXT

o Syntax: ISTEXT(value)

o Checks whether a value is text.

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 o Example: ISTEXT(A1) returns TRUE if A1 contains text.

87. ISLOGICAL

o Syntax: ISLOGICAL(value)

o Checks whether a value is logical (TRUE or FALSE).

o Example: ISLOGICAL(A1) returns TRUE if A1 is logical.

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9. Array Functions
88. ARRAYFORMULA

o Syntax: ARRAYFORMULA(array_formula)

o Allows functions to return multiple values.

o Example: ARRAYFORMULA(A1:A10 + B1:B10) adds corresponding elements from

two arrays.

89. FILTER

o Syntax: FILTER(array, include, [if_empty])

o Filters a range of data based on a condition.

o Example: FILTER(A1:A10, B1:B10 > 5) returns values in A1 where B1 is greater than

5.

90. UNIQUE

o Syntax: UNIQUE(array)

o Returns unique values from a range or array.

o Example: UNIQUE(A1:A10) returns the unique values from A1 to A10.

91. SORT

o Syntax: SORT(array, [sort_index], [sort_order])

o Sorts the contents of a range or array.

o Example: SORT(A1:A10, 1, TRUE) sorts A1

in ascending order.

92. SEQUENCE

o Syntax: SEQUENCE(rows, [columns], [start], [step])

o Generates a sequence of numbers in an array.

o Example: SEQUENCE(5) generates a vertical array of 5 numbers (1, 2, 3, 4, 5).

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93. SPILL

o Syntax: SPILL(reference)

o Refers to the range of spilled values from a dynamic array formula.

o Example: SUM(SPILL(A1)) sums the dynamic array starting at A1.

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10. Database Functions
94. DAVERAGE

o Syntax: DAVERAGE(database, field, criteria)

o Returns the average of selected database entries.

o Example: DAVERAGE(A1:C10, "Sales", E1:E2) returns the average sales value

meeting criteria in E1.

95. DCOUNT

o Syntax: DCOUNT(database, field, criteria)

o Counts the cells containing numbers in a database column that meets specified
criteria.

o Example: DCOUNT(A1:C10, "Sales", E1:E2) counts the number of sales entries

meeting the criteria in E1.

96. DSUM

o Syntax: DSUM(database, field, criteria)

o Adds the numbers in a database column that meets specified criteria.

o Example: DSUM(A1:C10, "Sales", E1:E2) adds the sales values meeting criteria in E1.

97. DGET

o Syntax: DGET(database, field, criteria)

o Extracts a single value from a database that matches specified criteria.

o Example: DGET(A1:C10, "Sales", E1:E2) returns the single sales value meeting
criteria in E1.

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11. Cube Functions
98. CUBEVALUE

o Syntax: CUBEVALUE(connection, member_expression1, [member_expression2], …)

o Returns an aggregated value from a cube.

o Example: CUBEVALUE("Sales", "[Products].[All Products].[Bikes]") returns the value for

bikes from a cube data source.

99. CUBEMEMBER

o Syntax: CUBEMEMBER(connection, member_expression, [caption])

o Returns a member from a cube.

o Example: CUBEMEMBER("Sales", "[Products].[All Products].[Bikes]") returns the "Bikes"

member.

100. CUBERANKEDMEMBER

o Syntax: CUBERANKEDMEMBER(connection, set_expression, rank, [caption])

o Returns the nth or ranked member in a set.
o Example: CUBERANKEDMEMBER("Sales", "[Top Products]", 1) returns the top-
ranked product.

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