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unit 4 ppt

Uploaded by

Yashika Elango
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© © All Rights Reserved
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3D Scanning & Modelling

UNIT-4
Introduction, Laser, White
working Light, Blue
principle and 01 Light -
operations Applications
of 3D
scanners
04 02

03 Software for
Types- scanning and
Applications modelling
-
Types- Preparation
Applications techniques
05 for Scanning
objects

08 06

Calibration
of 3D 07 Scanning and
Scanner- Measuring
Step by step strategies
procedure
Step by step 3D scanning
procedure:
-– 09

12 10

3D
inspection- 11 Geometric
Case studies modelling
Introduction, working principle and
operations of 3D scanners
3D Scanner

•A 3D scanner is a device that analyzes


a real-world object or environment to
collect data on its shape, appearance
(e.g., color), and dimensions.
•This data is then used to create digital
3D models, which can be applied in
various fields such as engineering,
healthcare, manufacturing,
entertainment, and more.
Working Principles of 3D Scanners:

3D scanners work based on several fundamental


principles depending on the type of technology
they use. Some common scanning technologies
include
• laser triangulation,
• structured light,
• photogrammetry,
• time-of-flight.
Laser Triangulation

• In this method, a laser beam is


projected onto the surface of an object.
• The laser hits the object, and the
reflected light is captured by a sensor.
• By calculating the angle of the reflected
laser, the scanner can determine the
exact distance between the sensor and
the surface.
• This data is used to map out the surface
geometry of the object in 3D.
Photogrammetry

• Photogrammetry uses a series of


photographs taken from different angles
to create a 3D model.
• The software analyzes the overlapping
images and calculates the positions of
points to form the model.
Structured Light Scanning
(White – Blue -Light scanning)
• This method projects patterns of light
(grids or stripes) onto the object, and a
camera captures how these patterns
deform when they hit the surface.
• The distortion allows the scanner to
calculate the object’s shape.
Time-of-Flight Scanning:
• Time-of-flight scanners emit a laser beam and measure the time it takes
for the light to return after hitting the object.
• This method calculates distances based on the speed of light and is
commonly used for large-scale scanning like buildings or large objects.
Operations of 3D Scanners

4
• Data Collection
3

• Point Cloud Generation


2

• Mesh Creation 1

• Post-Processing
Data Collection

The scanner first captures multiple


measurements from different
angles of the object using the
selected scanning technique
(laser, light, or images).
Point Cloud Generation

The gathered data is then


transformed into a "point
cloud," which represents the
object in 3D space. Each
point has specific
coordinates (X, Y, Z) to
denote its position.
Mesh Creation

• After obtaining the point cloud,


the next step is to create a mesh.
• A mesh is a collection of vertices,
edges, and faces that defines the
shape of the object.
• This mesh can be used for 3D
printing, simulation, or further
manipulation in CAD software.
Post-Processing

• After the scan, the


resulting data might
require cleaning and
refining to remove noise,
correct errors, or fill in
missing parts of the scan.
• This step ensures a
smooth and accurate 3D
model
3D scanner types-
• Laser 3D Scanners

• Structured Light 3D Scanners


(White or Blue Light)t Cloud
Generation

• Photogrammetry

• Contact 3D Scanners

• Handheld 3D Scanners
Applications
Applications of 3D Scanners

Manufacturing:
• Reverse Engineering: Scanning
parts to recreate designs for
replication or improvement.
• Quality Control: Checking the
dimensions of manufactured
products for compliance with
design specifications.
Healthcare

• Prosthetics and Orthotics:


Scanning body parts for
custom-made prosthetic limbs
and orthopedic supports.
• Dental Applications:
• Creating precise dental molds
for crowns, bridges, and
implants
Architecture and Construction

• Site Surveying:
• Scanning buildings or
landscapes for accurate
architectural models and
renovation planning.
Restoration:
• Capturing the dimensions of
historical structures for
restoration projects
Software for 3D scanning

Agisoft Metashape:
A professional
photogrammetry software
that converts images into
high-quality 3D models.
Great for archaeological
and cultural heritage
projects.
Software for 3D scanning

RealityCapture:
•This software offers fast processing
of images and laser scans to create
3D models.
•It's widely used in gaming and
visual effects.
Software for 3D scanning

Meshroom: An open-source
photogrammetry software that is free
to use. It’s user-friendly and
integrates well with other tools in the
3D workflow.
Software for 3D scanning

3DF Zephyr:
• A powerful tool for converting
photos into 3D models.
• It includes features for handling
laser scans as well.
3D Modeling Software
Preparation Techniques for 3D Scanning
Objects

Object Placement and Setup:


• Stable Surface: Place the object on a
stable, non-reflective surface to prevent
movement during the scanning process.
• Background: Ensure the background is
simple and not cluttered to avoid
confusing the software's algorithms.
Preparation Techniques for 3D Scanning
Objects

Lighting:
• Use even, diffuse lighting to avoid harsh
shadows or reflections, as these can
distort the capture process.
• Avoid direct sunlight or shiny light
sources, which can cause glare or
overexposed regions on the object.
Preparation Techniques for 3D Scanning
Objects
Texture Preparation
•Matte Finish: Shiny or reflective objects can
interfere with the scan. Apply a thin coat of
matting spray or powder (such as talcum powder)
on glossy surfaces.
•Detailed Textures: If an object has poor surface
texture or is monochromatic, adding markers or
stickers can help the software track features
better.
Preparation Techniques for 3D Scanning
Objects

Camera and Photography:


• Capture the object from all angles (360 degrees),
ensuring overlapping areas between images for
better alignment.Use a high-resolution camera for
detailed captures.
• Keep the focus sharp and adjust ISO settings to
avoid noise.
• Maintain a constant distance from the object for
uniform scaling in the resulting model.
Preparation Techniques for 3D Scanning
Objects

Multiple Passes:
For complex objects, scan in multiple layers (top,
side, bottom, etc.) and ensure that you have enough
overlap between these layers.
Preparation Techniques for 3D Scanning
Objects

Object Stability:
The object must remain still during the
capture process, especially if you are using
multiple photos to generate the 3D model.

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