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Vietnamese Poetry

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
358 views44 pages

Vietnamese Poetry

Uploaded by

longcube94
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 44

SPECIAL THANKS

Thank you Ms. Noullet for not only introducing me to the


amazing world of poetry translation, but also helping me on
this journey by providing me with feedback.
Thank you Ms. Hoa for meeting with me to explain about
Vietnam’s rich literary history.
Thank you Ms. Xuan for being my PP supervisor, and being a
valuable source of information.
Thank you to Mr. Robinson for providing feedback.

1
TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION...................................................................... 5
FOLKLORE (CA DAO) POETRY .......................................... 7
TÁT NƯỚC ĐẦU ĐÌNH .............................................................. 8
WORKING IN THE FIELDS .......................................................... 9
THÂN EM #1 AND THÂN EM #2 ................................................. 10
MY BODY VARIATION #1 AND MY BODY VARIATION #2 .......... 11
MIDDLE AGES AND LATE 18TH CENTURY POETRY ... 13
NAM QUỐC SƠN HÀ (SÔNG NÚI NƯỚC NAM) ........................... 14
AN ODE TO INDEPENDENCE ...................................................... 15
CÁO THỊ TẬT CHÚNG (CÓ BỆNH BẢO MỌI NGƯỜI) .................... 16

IF YOU ARE SICK TELL EVERYONE ............................................ 17


THU VỊNH .................................................................................. 18
AUTUMN INSPIRATION ............................................................. 19
POETRY UNDER FRENCH RULE (1930-1945) ................... 21
TỪ ẤY ....................................................................................... 22
SINCE THEN ............................................................................... 23

KHÔNG ĐỀ ................................................................................ 24
UNTITLED .................................................................................. 25

ĐÂY MÙA THU TỚI................................................................... 26


HERE AUTUMN COMES .............................................................. 27

2
AMERICAN WAR POETRY (1954-1975) .............................. 29
THUYỀN VÀ BIỂN ...................................................................... 30
THE BOAT AND THE SEA ........................................................... 32
LƯỢM........................................................................................ 34
LƯỢM........................................................................................ 37
POETRY AFTER INDEPENDENCE (AFTER 1975) ........... 41
PHÁO TẾT ................................................................................. 42
TẾT (NEW YEAR) FIRECRACKERS ............................................ 43

3
6
AUTHORS NOTE:
The version you are looking at is the first version of the
collection. Besides, from some minor changes in the
introductions, the collection and the poems remain completely
intact since its creation in 2017. The collection has since been
expanded to a new project, largely similar, but with the goal
of having over 50 poems translated with more thorough
explanations and is planned to be released within the next
year.

INTRODUCTION:
This booklet is a collection of Vietnamese poems throughout
the ages, from the days before there was writing, to now. The
vastness of Vietnamese culture, especially its literary culture,
makes it impossible to represent in twelve poems, but I have
tried my best to show you small glimpses of it, and represent
Vietnamese culture to the best of my abilities. Through the
project of mine, I hope I will have inspired you to take action
in some way, whether it is to read more Vietnamese literature
or to translate literature yourself.

7
FOLKLORE (CA DAO POETRY):
The first two poems will be from the “folklore” era of
Vietnamese poetry. These type of poems were spoken and
passed on from one person to another, as all folklore is done.
Folklore typically reflected the agrarian society in which
people lived in. The poetry from this time reflected the life of
Vietnamese people, and conveyed stories with themes from
the courting women (in this case he playfully asks for her
hand in marriage), to working in the fields. The subset of
folklore I have chosen to translate is called Ca Dao, and the
poems I have chosen are, “Tát Nước Đầu Đình" and “Thân
Em” Variation 1 and 2. “Tát Nước Đầu Đình" reflects the part
of society where the man courts women as aforementioned,
whilst “Thân Em" is a reflection of the women’s fate in feudal
Vietnam.

7
UNKNOWN

TÁT NƯỚC ĐẦU ĐÌNH


Hôm qua tát nước đầu đình,
Bỏ quên cái áo trên cành hoa sen.
Em được thì cho anh xin,
Hay là em để làm tin trong nhà?
Áo anh sứt chỉ đường tà,
Vợ anh chửa có, mẹ già chửa khâu.
Áo anh sứt chỉ đã lâu,
Mai mượn cô ấy về khâu cho cùng.
Khâu rồi, anh sẽ trả công,
Ít nữa lấy chồng anh lại giúp cho:
Giúp em năm thúng xôi vò,
Ba con lợn béo, một vò rượu tăm.
Giúp cho đôi chiếu em nằm,
Đôi chăn em đắp, đôi trằm em đeo.
Giúp cho quan tám tiền cheo,
Quan năm tiền cưới, lại đèo buồng cau.

8
UNKNOWN

WORKING IN THE FIELDS


Working in the fields,
I left a shirt behind,
If you have it, I ask for its return,
Or do you hold it hostage?
My shirt is ragged and full of holes,
A mother too old to sew,
A wife I have not.
Long has this shirt been forgotten.
To sew this shirt, I should borrow you.
After it’s done, I will pay for your troubles.
Marry me and I’ll help again:
Help you with five buckets of grain.
Three fat pigs, one jar of country wine.
Help you with a pair of mats to rest,
A pair of blankets to cover, a pair of earrings to wear.
Help you with eight golden coins,
Five pieces for the wedding, and a bundle of fruit.

9
UNKNOWN

THÂN EM #1
Thân em như tấm lụa đào
Phất phơ giữa chợ biết vào tay ai.

THÂN EM #2
Thân em như hạt mưa rơi
Hạt vào đài các, hạt ra ruộng cày

10
UNKNOWN

MY BODY VARIATION #1
A red silken scarf,
I float aimlessly with the wind,
Whose possession will I become?

MY BODY VARIATION #2
My body is a falling raindrop,
I land in the mansions, I land in the fields.

11
12
POETRY FROM MIDDLE AGES AND LATE 18TH
CENTURY:
The first two poems come from the beginning of the middle
ages in Vietnam. In 938, the defeat of the Chinese on the Bach
Dang river opened up freedom from a millennium of
oppression. This marked the beginning of the Nôm writing
(the poems that were chosen were originally written in the
Han language), and much of the inspiration for poetry was the
patriotism that stemmed from the newly found independence.
You see this in the first poem,“Nam Quốc Sơn Hà," by Lý
Thường Kiệt, which is an ode to Vietnamese independence.
Then you also have (“Cáo Thị Tật Chúng") which
contemplates life by using nature imagery. This phenomenon
for poems depicting nature stemmed from the agricultural
economy of the middle ages. People utilized nature with their
own working hands. Nature was seen as the nutrient that
raised people physically, and mentally and permeated all
aspects of life.

The third poem, “Thu Vịnh" comes from the movement from
the 18th century, after the French invaded. These poems
expressed the hidden patriotism of the people at a time when
literature was often more representative of the ‘whole’ rather
than the ‘individual’. “Thu Vịnh" is a prime example of that,
telling the story of a man reflecting on his life through nature.
The writer reflects upon his failure to protest the French by
refusing a position in their government, and through that
demonstrates his patriotism.

13
LÝ THƯỜNG KIỆT

ORIGINAL HAN LANGUAGE VERSION (南國山河)


南國山河南帝居,
截然定分在天書。
如何逆虜來侵犯,
汝等行看取敗虛。

NAM QUỐC SƠN HÀ (SÔNG NÚI NƯỚC NAM)


Núi sông nước Nam vua Nam ở,
Vằng vặc sách trời chia xứ sở.
Giặc dữ cớ sao phạm đến đây
Chúng mày nhất định phải tan vỡ.
TRANSLATED BY LÊ THƯỚC, NAM TRÂN

14
LÝ THƯỜNG KIỆT

AN ODE TO INDEPENDENCE
The King of Nam resides in the rivers and mountains of Nam,
The lines in the book of god are as clear as day,
How dare you come intrude?
Peril shall engulf you all.
TRANSLATED BY ĐỖ MINH QUÂN

15
MÃN GIÁC THIỀN SƯ

ORIGINAL HAN LANGUAGE VERSION (告疾示眾)


春去百花落,
春到百花開。
事逐眼前過,
老從頭上來。
莫謂春殘花落盡,
庭前昨夜一枝梅。

CÁO TẬT THỊ CHÚNG (CÓ BỆNH BẢO MỌI NGƯỜI)


Xuân đuổi trăm hoa rụng
Xuân tới, trăm hoa cười
Trước mắt việc đi mãi
Trên đầu già đến rồi
Đừng bảo xuân tàn hoa rụng hết
Đêm qua, sân trước một nhành mai
TRANSLATED BY NGÔ TẤT TỐ

16
MÃN GIÁC THIỀN SƯ

IF YOU ARE SICK TELL EVERYONE


Spring passes, flowers fall
Spring arrives, flowers blossom
Everything moves on
Old age silvers my hair
But a passing spring is not the end.
Yesterday a flower opened on the Mai branch
TRANSLATED BY ĐỖ MINH QUÂN

17
NGUYỄN KHUYẾN

THU VỊNH
Trời thu xanh ngắt mấy tầng cao,
Cần trúc lơ phơ gió hắt hiu.
Nước biếc trông như tầng khói phủ
Song thưa để mặc ánh trăng vào.
Mấy chùm trước giậu hoa năm ngoái,
Một tiếng trên không ngỗng nước nào?
Nhân hứng cũng vừa toan cất bút,
Nghĩ ra lại thẹn với ông Đào.

18
NGUYỄN KHUYẾN

AUTUMN INSPIRATION
Clouds sit high above the blue autumn sky,
In the flickering wind a branch dangles.
Through the water a layer of fog appears
The windows let the moonlight in.
Last year’s flowers in front of the fence,
A sound from above -
From where does the goose come?
In the mood I reach for my pen,
But thinking of Dao, I become shy.
TRANSLATED BY ĐỖ MINH QUÂN

19
20
POETRY UNDER FRENCH RULE (1930-1945):
During this time, the 'New Poetry' movement came to
existence in Vietnam. This movement allowed the people to
break preexisting notions and talk about things such as their
ego, love, and nature. The poets of the 'New Poem' revolution
gave a declaration of a completely newfound beauty; if not a
view opposite of what was considered beautiful in traditional
poetry. If the old, traditional, beauty looked towards organic
and symmetrical beauty, the ‘New’ poems looked towards the
unorthodox beauty that 'transcended' the ordinary. There is a
now a book that dedicated to these artists: Thi Nhân Việt
Nam.

In this time, literature (both novels and poetry) talked about


three topics: the revolution, love, and nature. “Từ Ấy" is
written by one of the most famous revolution writers, Tố Hữu,
and talks about a teenager who found the path of revolution.
“Không Đề" is one of four poems written by Nguyễn Bính
under the title “Không Đề” or “Untitled” and talks about the
separation between two lovers due to an external force. “Đây
Mùa Thu Tới" is written by one of the newest poetry poets,
Xuân Diệu, and is about one of Vietnamese literature’s
favorite nature topic: Autumn.

21
TỐ HỮU

TỪ ẤY
Từ ấy trong tôi bừng nắng hạ
Mặt trời chân lý chói qua tim
Hồn tôi là một vườn hoa lá
Rất đậm hương và rộn tiếng chim...

Tôi buộc lòng tôi với mọi người


Để tình trang trải với trăm nơi
Để hồn tôi với bao hồn khổ
Gần gũi nhau thêm mạnh khối đời

Tôi đã là con của vạn nhà


Là em của vạn kiếp phôi pha
Là anh của vạn đầu em nhỏ
Không áo cơm, cù bất cù bơ…
1938

22
TỐ HỮU

SINCE THEN
From that moment, the summer sun rose in me
The truth in my heart, is illuminated
My soul, a garden,
Bold and beautiful with the sound of chirping...

I bound my soul to all my countrymen


To feel as though I am everywhere
For mine and all tortured souls
To grow close and strong as one

I am son to our homeland,


I am brother to our suffering,
I am mentor to our young
Wandering around, no shirt, no clothes…

1938

TRANSLATED BY ĐỖ MINH QUÂN

23
NGUYỄN BÍNH

KHÔNG ĐỀ
Hôm nay dưới bến xuôi đò
Thương nhau qua cửa tò vò nhìn nhau
Anh đi đấy, anh về đâu?
Cánh buồm nâu, cánh buồm nâu, cánh buồm...

1938

24
NGUYỄN BÍNH

UNTITLED
Down by the docks,
A loving gaze through the window,
You are leaving! Where do you go?
Brown sail, brown sail, brown sail...

1938

TRANSLATED BY ĐỖ MINH QUÂN

25
XUÂN DIỆU

ĐÂY MÙA THU TỚI


Rặng liễu đìu hiu đứng chịu tang,
Tóc buồn buông xuống lệ ngàn hàng;
Đây mùa thu tới - mùa thu tới
Với áo mơ phai dệt lá vàng.

Hơn một loài hoa đã rụng cành


Trong vườn sắc đỏ rũa màu xanh;
Những luồng run rẩy rung rinh lá...
Đôi nhánh khô gầy xương mỏng manh.

Thỉnh thoảng nàng trăng tự ngẩn ngơ...


Non xa khởi sự nhạt sương mờ...
Đã nghe rét mướt luồn trong gió...
Đã vắng người sang những chuyến đò...

Mây vẩn từng không, chim bay đi,


Khí trời u uất hận chia ly.
Ít nhiều thiếu nữ buồn không nói
Tựa cửa nhìn xa, nghĩ ngợi gì.

1938

26
XUÂN DIỆU

HERE AUTUMN COMES


The old willow tree stands alone,
Its leaves cover the ground;
Here the spring comes - here the spring comes
With the fading shirt of dreams, embroidered with the golden
leaves,

More than one flower has had its branches fall


In the vibrant red garden that brushes away the blue;
The leaves move with the breeze…
A pair of delicate small branches.

Sometimes the moon looms bewildered…


Far away the mountains fade under shadows of fog…
In the breeze the cold appears…
No longer are the docks used…

The clouds swirl and the birds fly,


The air fills with the anguish of separation.
A woman leans on the door, silent,
As she looks into the distance, deep in thought.

1938

TRANSLATED BY ĐỖ MINH QUÂN

27
28
AMERICAN WAR POETRY (1954-1975)
One of the less talked about movements; this movement is
more often talked about for its novels rather than its poetry.
After the French were defeated, there were two tasks that
poems from that time will represent: rebuilding the country,
and reunification of the country. Thus, its themes range from
anti-American, to the reconstruction of the country, to nature,
and lastly, love set to the backdrop of warfare. The first poem
I have chosen is “Thuyền và Biển", a love poem written by
Xuân Quỳnh. Xuân Quỳnh poetry is famous for its themes of
love and nature. The second poem I have chosen is “Lượm",
which falls under the anti-American theme. It is written by Tố
Hữu and talks about a young boy who is a messenger for the
Việt Cộng. This poem is especially special to me because it is
the first poem that I ever translated, and started all of this. I
have made some minor adjustments to the poem, but it has
largely remained the same since I translated it two years ago.

29
XUÂN QUỲNH
THUYỀN VÀ BIỂN
Em sẽ kể anh nghe
Chuyện con thuyền và biển:

"Từ ngày nào chẳng biết


Thuyền nghe lời biển khơi
Cánh hải âu, sóng biếc
Đưa thuyền đi muôn nơi

Lòng thuyền nhiều khát vọng


Và tình biển bao la
Thuyền đi hoài không mỏi
Biển vẫn xa... còn xa

Những đêm trăng hiền từ


Biển như cô gái nhỏ
Thầm thì gửi tâm tư
Quanh mạn thuyền sóng vỗ

Cũng có khi vô cớ
Biển ào ạt xô thuyền
(Vì tình yêu muôn thuở
Có bao giờ đứng yên?)

Chỉ có thuyền mới hiểu


Biển mênh mông nhường nào
Chỉ có biển mới biết
Thuyền đi đâu, về đâu

Những ngày không gặp nhau


Biển bạc đầu thương nhớ
Những ngày không gặp nhau
Lòng thuyền đau - rạn vỡ

30
XUÂN QUỲNH

Nếu từ giã thuyền rồi


Biển chỉ còn sóng gió"

Nếu phải cách xa anh


Em chỉ còn bão tố

1963

31
XUÂN QUỲNH
THE BOAT AND THE SEA
Let me tell you the story,
The story of the boat and the sea:

“From when I do not know,


The boat listened to the sea,
The seagulls, the waves
Take the boat everywhere

The boat’s heart fills with desire,


And the sea’s love so vast,
The boat travels long but never tires
The sea so far away… so far away

Those nights under moonlight


The sea becomes young again
Whispering most intimate thoughts,
As the waves crash around the boat

Sometimes without reason,


The sea pushes the boat,
(Because when has love ever
Been still?)

Only the boat understands


How vast the sea is
And only the sea knows
Where the boat goes

The days when they don’t meet


The sea silvers with longing
The days when they don’t meet
The boat aches - breaks inside
32
XUÂN QUỲNH
If the boat leaves,
The sea has only the wind and the waves”

If you must leave,


I will only have the raging storm.

1963

TRANSLATED BY ĐỖ MINH QUÂN

33
TỐ HỮU
LƯỢM
Ngày Huế đổ máu,
Chú Hà Nội về,
Tình cờ chú cháu,
Gặp nhau Hàng Bè.

Chú bé loắt choắt,


Cái xắc xinh xinh,
Cái chân thoăn thoắt,
Cái đầu nghênh nghênh,

Ca-lô đội lệch,


Mồm huýt sáo vang,
Như con chim chích,
Nhảy trên đường vàng...

- "Cháu đi liên lạc,


Vui lắm chú à.
Ở đồn Mang Cá,
Thích hơn ở nhà!"

Cháu cười híp mí,


Má đỏ bồ quân:
- "Thôi, chào đồng chí!"
Cháu đi xa dần...

Cháu đi đường cháu,


Chú lên đường ra,
Ðến nay tháng sáu,
Chợt nghe tin nhà.

Ra thế,
Lượm ơi!
34
TỐ HỮU

Một hôm nào đó,


Như bao hôm nào,
Chú đồng chí nhỏ,
Bỏ thư vào bao,

Vụt qua mặt trận,


Ðạn bay vèo vèo,
Thư đề "Thượng khẩn",
Sợ chi hiểm nghèo!

Ðường quê vắng vẻ,


Lúa trổ đòng đòng,
Ca-lô chú bé,
Nhấp nhô trên đồng...

Bỗng loè chớp đỏ,


Thôi rồi, Lượm ơi!
Chú đồng chí nhỏ,
Một dòng máu tươi!

Cháu nằm trên lúa,


Tay nắm chặt bông,
Lúa thơm mùi sữa,
Hồn bay giữa đồng.

Lượm ơi, còn không?

Chú bé loắt choắt,


Cái xắc xinh xinh,
Cái chân thoăn thoắt,
Cái đầu nghênh nghênh,

35
TỐ HỮU

Ca-lô đội lệch,


Mồm huýt sáo vang,
Như con chim chích,
Nhảy trên đường vàng...

1954

36
TỐ HỮU
LƯỢM
The day in Hue bleeds,
Uncle Ha Noi returns,
A chance encounter,
They meet in Hàng Bè.

The quick little boy,


His pretty little satchel,
His quick little feet,
His little head tilting,

His little sailor hat slanted,


His mouth whistling
a little hummingbird,
Hopping along the yellow road…

“Delivering messages,
was such fun,
in Fort Mang Cá,
better than being home!”

Laughing eyes,
Cheeks so pink,
- “Until later, comrade!”
Slowly he fades into the distance...

I go my way,
You go yours.
As June arrives,
News comes to home

37
TỐ HỮU
As it turned out to be,

Oh, Lượm!

On a fateful day,
Like any other day,
The little comrade,
Put the letter in his satchel,

Swishing past the battlefront,


Whoosh… whoosh… The bullets fly,
A letter reading “urgent”,
Fearlessly he goes!

The country roads lonely,


Rice fields abundant,
His little sailor hat,
Just peeking above it all…

A flash of red!
Oh god! Oh Lượm!
The little comrade,
A stream of blood...

As he lies on the fields


Hand grasping a wheat stalk,
Smelling of sweet milk,
His soul ascends from the field.

Oh Lượm, are you still there?

38
TỐ HỮU
The quick little boy,
His pretty little satchel,
His quick little feet,
His little head tilting,

His little sailor hat slanted,


His mouth whistling,
Like a little hummingbird,
Hopping along the yellow road…

1954

TRANSLATED BY ĐỖ MINH QUÂN

39
40
POETRY AFTER INDEPENDENCE (AFTER 1975)
Now we enter the last movement of Vietnamese poetry,
modern day poetry. Poems under this movement address
modern issues like everyday life, materialism, loneliness and
is often more abstract than poetry from the previous
movements. The poem I have chosen, “Pháo Tết" criticizes
modern day society for neglecting their duty to make the
world a better place.

41
NGUYỄN DUY
PHÁO TẾT
Cả trần gian tí tởn
đón xuân sang tưng bừng
có một thằng dớ dẩn
ngồi làm thơ rưng rưng...

Cả thành phố như nổ


tiếng pháo rền vang xa
có một lão bị gậy
khóc khàn trên sân ga

Cả thành phố như cháy


lập loè ánh hoả châu
có một bà bới rác
nằm co ro gầm cầu

Cả thành phố như khói


khét lẹt mịt mờ mây
có một em điếm ế
đón giao thừa gốc cây

Cả thành phố như toác


xác pháo dày vỉa hè
có chú bé đi bụi
khoèo mé hiên lắng nghe

Toác khói cháy nổ tởn


trận mạc nào đang qua
có một người nạng gỗ
ngồi bên sông nhớ nhà...

1992

42
NGUYỄN DUY
TẾT (NEW YEAR) FIRECRACKERS
As the entire world anticipates
the vibrant spring
A fool with tears in his eyes
Quietly writes poems…

It’s as if the city explodes


Fire crackers ringing far.
An old beggar
Cries on the station floor.

It’s as if the city is on fire


Flashing with light.
An old garbage woman
Lies shriveled beneath the bridge.

It’s as if the city is smoking


Filling the sky with grey clouds.
A woman waits around the corner
Selling love to meet the new year.

It’s as if the whole city is torn apart


Trash littering the streets.
An orphan boy
Listens idly on a porch.

The burning fire explodes


Another fight erupts.
A wooden crutch
Longs for home by the river…

1992

TRANSLATED BY ĐỖ MINH QUÂN


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