Vietnamese Poetry
Vietnamese Poetry
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...................................................................... 5
FOLKLORE (CA DAO) POETRY .......................................... 7
TÁT NƯỚC ĐẦU ĐÌNH .............................................................. 8
WORKING IN THE FIELDS .......................................................... 9
THÂN EM #1 AND THÂN EM #2 ................................................. 10
MY BODY VARIATION #1 AND MY BODY VARIATION #2 .......... 11
MIDDLE AGES AND LATE 18TH CENTURY POETRY ... 13
NAM QUỐC SƠN HÀ (SÔNG NÚI NƯỚC NAM) ........................... 14
AN ODE TO INDEPENDENCE ...................................................... 15
CÁO THỊ TẬT CHÚNG (CÓ BỆNH BẢO MỌI NGƯỜI) .................... 16
KHÔNG ĐỀ ................................................................................ 24
UNTITLED .................................................................................. 25
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AMERICAN WAR POETRY (1954-1975) .............................. 29
THUYỀN VÀ BIỂN ...................................................................... 30
THE BOAT AND THE SEA ........................................................... 32
LƯỢM........................................................................................ 34
LƯỢM........................................................................................ 37
POETRY AFTER INDEPENDENCE (AFTER 1975) ........... 41
PHÁO TẾT ................................................................................. 42
TẾT (NEW YEAR) FIRECRACKERS ............................................ 43
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AUTHORS NOTE:
The version you are looking at is the first version of the
collection. Besides, from some minor changes in the
introductions, the collection and the poems remain completely
intact since its creation in 2017. The collection has since been
expanded to a new project, largely similar, but with the goal
of having over 50 poems translated with more thorough
explanations and is planned to be released within the next
year.
INTRODUCTION:
This booklet is a collection of Vietnamese poems throughout
the ages, from the days before there was writing, to now. The
vastness of Vietnamese culture, especially its literary culture,
makes it impossible to represent in twelve poems, but I have
tried my best to show you small glimpses of it, and represent
Vietnamese culture to the best of my abilities. Through the
project of mine, I hope I will have inspired you to take action
in some way, whether it is to read more Vietnamese literature
or to translate literature yourself.
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FOLKLORE (CA DAO POETRY):
The first two poems will be from the “folklore” era of
Vietnamese poetry. These type of poems were spoken and
passed on from one person to another, as all folklore is done.
Folklore typically reflected the agrarian society in which
people lived in. The poetry from this time reflected the life of
Vietnamese people, and conveyed stories with themes from
the courting women (in this case he playfully asks for her
hand in marriage), to working in the fields. The subset of
folklore I have chosen to translate is called Ca Dao, and the
poems I have chosen are, “Tát Nước Đầu Đình" and “Thân
Em” Variation 1 and 2. “Tát Nước Đầu Đình" reflects the part
of society where the man courts women as aforementioned,
whilst “Thân Em" is a reflection of the women’s fate in feudal
Vietnam.
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UNKNOWN
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UNKNOWN
9
UNKNOWN
THÂN EM #1
Thân em như tấm lụa đào
Phất phơ giữa chợ biết vào tay ai.
THÂN EM #2
Thân em như hạt mưa rơi
Hạt vào đài các, hạt ra ruộng cày
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UNKNOWN
MY BODY VARIATION #1
A red silken scarf,
I float aimlessly with the wind,
Whose possession will I become?
MY BODY VARIATION #2
My body is a falling raindrop,
I land in the mansions, I land in the fields.
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POETRY FROM MIDDLE AGES AND LATE 18TH
CENTURY:
The first two poems come from the beginning of the middle
ages in Vietnam. In 938, the defeat of the Chinese on the Bach
Dang river opened up freedom from a millennium of
oppression. This marked the beginning of the Nôm writing
(the poems that were chosen were originally written in the
Han language), and much of the inspiration for poetry was the
patriotism that stemmed from the newly found independence.
You see this in the first poem,“Nam Quốc Sơn Hà," by Lý
Thường Kiệt, which is an ode to Vietnamese independence.
Then you also have (“Cáo Thị Tật Chúng") which
contemplates life by using nature imagery. This phenomenon
for poems depicting nature stemmed from the agricultural
economy of the middle ages. People utilized nature with their
own working hands. Nature was seen as the nutrient that
raised people physically, and mentally and permeated all
aspects of life.
The third poem, “Thu Vịnh" comes from the movement from
the 18th century, after the French invaded. These poems
expressed the hidden patriotism of the people at a time when
literature was often more representative of the ‘whole’ rather
than the ‘individual’. “Thu Vịnh" is a prime example of that,
telling the story of a man reflecting on his life through nature.
The writer reflects upon his failure to protest the French by
refusing a position in their government, and through that
demonstrates his patriotism.
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LÝ THƯỜNG KIỆT
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LÝ THƯỜNG KIỆT
AN ODE TO INDEPENDENCE
The King of Nam resides in the rivers and mountains of Nam,
The lines in the book of god are as clear as day,
How dare you come intrude?
Peril shall engulf you all.
TRANSLATED BY ĐỖ MINH QUÂN
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MÃN GIÁC THIỀN SƯ
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MÃN GIÁC THIỀN SƯ
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NGUYỄN KHUYẾN
THU VỊNH
Trời thu xanh ngắt mấy tầng cao,
Cần trúc lơ phơ gió hắt hiu.
Nước biếc trông như tầng khói phủ
Song thưa để mặc ánh trăng vào.
Mấy chùm trước giậu hoa năm ngoái,
Một tiếng trên không ngỗng nước nào?
Nhân hứng cũng vừa toan cất bút,
Nghĩ ra lại thẹn với ông Đào.
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NGUYỄN KHUYẾN
AUTUMN INSPIRATION
Clouds sit high above the blue autumn sky,
In the flickering wind a branch dangles.
Through the water a layer of fog appears
The windows let the moonlight in.
Last year’s flowers in front of the fence,
A sound from above -
From where does the goose come?
In the mood I reach for my pen,
But thinking of Dao, I become shy.
TRANSLATED BY ĐỖ MINH QUÂN
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POETRY UNDER FRENCH RULE (1930-1945):
During this time, the 'New Poetry' movement came to
existence in Vietnam. This movement allowed the people to
break preexisting notions and talk about things such as their
ego, love, and nature. The poets of the 'New Poem' revolution
gave a declaration of a completely newfound beauty; if not a
view opposite of what was considered beautiful in traditional
poetry. If the old, traditional, beauty looked towards organic
and symmetrical beauty, the ‘New’ poems looked towards the
unorthodox beauty that 'transcended' the ordinary. There is a
now a book that dedicated to these artists: Thi Nhân Việt
Nam.
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TỐ HỮU
TỪ ẤY
Từ ấy trong tôi bừng nắng hạ
Mặt trời chân lý chói qua tim
Hồn tôi là một vườn hoa lá
Rất đậm hương và rộn tiếng chim...
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TỐ HỮU
SINCE THEN
From that moment, the summer sun rose in me
The truth in my heart, is illuminated
My soul, a garden,
Bold and beautiful with the sound of chirping...
1938
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NGUYỄN BÍNH
KHÔNG ĐỀ
Hôm nay dưới bến xuôi đò
Thương nhau qua cửa tò vò nhìn nhau
Anh đi đấy, anh về đâu?
Cánh buồm nâu, cánh buồm nâu, cánh buồm...
1938
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NGUYỄN BÍNH
UNTITLED
Down by the docks,
A loving gaze through the window,
You are leaving! Where do you go?
Brown sail, brown sail, brown sail...
1938
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XUÂN DIỆU
1938
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XUÂN DIỆU
1938
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AMERICAN WAR POETRY (1954-1975)
One of the less talked about movements; this movement is
more often talked about for its novels rather than its poetry.
After the French were defeated, there were two tasks that
poems from that time will represent: rebuilding the country,
and reunification of the country. Thus, its themes range from
anti-American, to the reconstruction of the country, to nature,
and lastly, love set to the backdrop of warfare. The first poem
I have chosen is “Thuyền và Biển", a love poem written by
Xuân Quỳnh. Xuân Quỳnh poetry is famous for its themes of
love and nature. The second poem I have chosen is “Lượm",
which falls under the anti-American theme. It is written by Tố
Hữu and talks about a young boy who is a messenger for the
Việt Cộng. This poem is especially special to me because it is
the first poem that I ever translated, and started all of this. I
have made some minor adjustments to the poem, but it has
largely remained the same since I translated it two years ago.
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XUÂN QUỲNH
THUYỀN VÀ BIỂN
Em sẽ kể anh nghe
Chuyện con thuyền và biển:
Cũng có khi vô cớ
Biển ào ạt xô thuyền
(Vì tình yêu muôn thuở
Có bao giờ đứng yên?)
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XUÂN QUỲNH
1963
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XUÂN QUỲNH
THE BOAT AND THE SEA
Let me tell you the story,
The story of the boat and the sea:
1963
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TỐ HỮU
LƯỢM
Ngày Huế đổ máu,
Chú Hà Nội về,
Tình cờ chú cháu,
Gặp nhau Hàng Bè.
Ra thế,
Lượm ơi!
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TỐ HỮU
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TỐ HỮU
1954
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TỐ HỮU
LƯỢM
The day in Hue bleeds,
Uncle Ha Noi returns,
A chance encounter,
They meet in Hàng Bè.
“Delivering messages,
was such fun,
in Fort Mang Cá,
better than being home!”
Laughing eyes,
Cheeks so pink,
- “Until later, comrade!”
Slowly he fades into the distance...
I go my way,
You go yours.
As June arrives,
News comes to home
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TỐ HỮU
As it turned out to be,
Oh, Lượm!
On a fateful day,
Like any other day,
The little comrade,
Put the letter in his satchel,
A flash of red!
Oh god! Oh Lượm!
The little comrade,
A stream of blood...
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TỐ HỮU
The quick little boy,
His pretty little satchel,
His quick little feet,
His little head tilting,
1954
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POETRY AFTER INDEPENDENCE (AFTER 1975)
Now we enter the last movement of Vietnamese poetry,
modern day poetry. Poems under this movement address
modern issues like everyday life, materialism, loneliness and
is often more abstract than poetry from the previous
movements. The poem I have chosen, “Pháo Tết" criticizes
modern day society for neglecting their duty to make the
world a better place.
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NGUYỄN DUY
PHÁO TẾT
Cả trần gian tí tởn
đón xuân sang tưng bừng
có một thằng dớ dẩn
ngồi làm thơ rưng rưng...
1992
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NGUYỄN DUY
TẾT (NEW YEAR) FIRECRACKERS
As the entire world anticipates
the vibrant spring
A fool with tears in his eyes
Quietly writes poems…
1992