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Data Link Layer Protocols

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Data Link Layer Protocols

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thakorhavan77
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Unit-3 1

Data Link Protocols – Created by D. S. Trivedi, Deesa

Character Oriented Protocols


 They interpret a frame of data as a group of successive bits combined in predefined patterns of
fixed length.

 Control information is included in the frame as control characters.

 Also called as byte oriented protocols

 Examples: XMODEM, YMODEM, ZMODEM, KERMIT, BLAST, IBM's 83B asynchronous data-link
protocol, IBM's BSC

Bit Oriented Protocols


 It interprets the data in bit-by-bit fashion rather than fixed length group of n bits

 No dedicated control characters

 Control field within a frame defines more than one control function.

 More efficient than Character oriented which conveys more information in small frames

 Examples: SDLC(Synchronous Data Link Comm.), HDLC(High-level Data Link Comm.)

D. S. Trivedi, Deesa Page 1


Unit-3 2

Data Link Protocols – Created by D. S. Trivedi, Deesa

XMODEM
 It is a simple means of having two computers talk to each other

 Popularity: Half duplex mode of operation

 ACK/NAK responses

 CRC data checking

 It specifies half-duplex stop and wait protocol using a data frame consists of four fields.

YMODEM
 Capacity of 1024 bytes

 Two CAN characters are used to abort a transmission

 ITU-T-CRC 16 is used to calculate the frame check sequence

 Multiple frames can be sent with a single ACK or NAK character

ZMODEM:
 Combines the features 0f XMODEM and YMODEM

KERMIT
 It is a terminal emulation program as well as file transfer protocol

 Control characters are transmitted as a text

 A fixed number to its ASCII code followed by # added to it

 Receiver detects # thereby discarding it and interpreting the next character as control character

 (D In case of # character, two #'s are sent)

D. S. Trivedi, Deesa Page 2


Unit-3 3

Data Link Protocols – Created by D. S. Trivedi, Deesa

BLAST
 Defines rules for file transfer and file management with remote computer

 Full-duplex transmission and uses sliding window flow control

Synchronous Data Link Protocol (SDLC) –


 SDLC is basically a communication protocol of computer. It usually supports multipoint links
even error recovery or error correction also.

 It is usually used to carry SNA (Systems Network Architecture) traffic and is present precursor to
HDLC.

 It is also designed and developed by IBM in 1975.

 It is also used to connect all of the remote devices to mainframe computers at central locations
may be in point-to-point (one-to-one) or point-to-multipoint (one-to-many) connections.

 It is also used to make sure that the data units should arrive correctly and with right flow from
one network point to next network point.

High Level Data Link protocol


 It is an international standard defined by ISO for use on both point-to-point and multipoint data
links

 Supports full duplex and can be used in both multipoint and computer networks

 To satisfy a variety of applications, HDLC defines three types of stations

 Primary station

 Secondary station

 Combined station

D. S. Trivedi, Deesa Page 3


Unit-3 4

Data Link Protocols – Created by D. S. Trivedi, Deesa

High Level Data Link Protocol


 Stations configuration w.r.t network configuration:

 Point-to-point with single primary and secondary(unbalanced)

 Multipoint with single primary and multiple secondary(Unbalanced)

 Point-to-point with two primaries and two secondaries (Balanced)

Operation mode of HDLC


 Normal Response Mode

 Asynchronous Response Mode(ARM)

 Asynchronous Balanced Mode(ABM)

D. S. Trivedi, Deesa Page 4

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