Ideology of Pakistan

Topic: Ideology
Ideology
Meaning;
The word ideology is the combination of two “Greek” words.
“Ideo” means Ideas (pattern)
“Logy” means Studies/Science
Which means studies about the social pattern of the society.
Origin;
In 1789 during the French Revolution, French philosopher A.L.C Destutt De Tracy used the word
ideology for the first time. According to him “ideology is the science of ideas which means the study
of origin, evaluation and nature of ideas”.
However, the term "ideology" was borrowed by French philosophers like John Locke, who believed
that all human knowledge is based on thought but in fact, this word was found even earlier with the
famous English philosopher Francis Bacon.
Definitions
● Ideology is a set of beliefs, values, and ideals of a group or nation. It is a set of principles, a
framework of action, and a guidance system that gives order and meaning to life and human
action.
● Ideology offers an interpretation of the past, an explanation of the present, and describes the
future aims of the nation and group of people (society).
● Ideology is the spirit of a nation or State. If you have geographical boundaries, land,
mountains, and rivers these are the tangible parts of a country or State but ideology should be
the soul body of the State.
● A system of ideas and ideals, especially one which form the basis of economic and political
theory and policy.
● In the world of IT, geography is hardware and ideology is the software of the State.
● The collective thinking of a nation for the achievement of specific goals or aims is called
ideology.
● An ideology emerges when people feel strongly that they are being mistreated under an
existing order, when their status is threatened by fundamental changes occurring in society,
and the prevailing ideology no longer satisfies them.
● The Socio-Political movement of any nation that becomes the collective goal is called
ideology.

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Kinds of Ideology:
Religious ideology:
Religious ideology is a set of beliefs and principles from a specific religion. It guides how
people live, what they believe, and their moral values. It can also shape social rules and
traditions.
Political ideology:
Political ideology is a set of ideas about how a government should work and how society
should be organized. Different ideologies suggest various government systems and policies.
Economical ideology:
Economic ideology is a set of beliefs about how to handle a nation's economy and resources.
Examples: capitalism, socialism, and communism, represent different economic ideologies
that propose diverse approaches to managing a nation's financial problems.
Capitalism emphasizes private ownership and free markets.
Socialism calls for government intervention to reduce inequality.
Communism advocates for collective ownership, distribution of resources and focus on class
less society
Emergence of Ideology
An ideology emerges when a nation or society has rejected its social pattern of life and started
struggling and used its efforts for another social pattern or position.
Importance of Ideology
● Ideology brings stability to nations on one platform.
● Due to the same ideology, the nation is united together for the achievement of a specific goal
or aim.
● Due to the same ideology, the people are united with each other.
● If a nation should face any problem, due to the same ideology their system would be running
smoothly.
● Ideology gives birth to a new culture and civilization.
● Ideology gives identity to a nation and shows differences from other nations of the world.

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Islam:
Islam is the second-largest religion in the world after Christianity, with about 1.8 billion
Muslims worldwide.
The word “Islam” means “submission to the will of God.” Followers of Islam are called Muslims.
Muslims are monotheistic and worship one, all-knowing God, who in Arabic is known as Allah.
Belief in Islam
● Monotheism (Tawheed)
● Prophethood (Rasalat)
● Belief in Angels
● Belief in Devine books
● Belief in life after death(Akhirat)
● Divine Decree
Pillars of Islam
● Kalma Tawheed (monotheism)
● Nemaz (Prayer)
● Rozah (Fasting)
● Zakat
● Pilgrimage (Hajj)
Facts:
● The word “Islam” means “submission to the will of God.”
● Followers of Islam are called Muslims.
● Muslims are monotheistic and worship one, all-knowing God, who in Arabic is
known as Allah.
● Followers of Islam aim to live a life of complete submission to Allah. They believe
that nothing can happen without Allah’s permission, but humans have free will.
● Islam teaches that Allah’s word was revealed to the
prophet Muhammad (SAW)through the angel Gabriel.
● Muslims believe several prophets were sent to teach Allah’s law. They respect some
of the same prophets as Jews and Christians, including Abraham, Moses, Noah
and Jesus. Muslims contend that Muhammad was the final prophet.
● Mosques are places where Muslims worship.
● Some important Islamic holy places include the Kaaba shrine in Mecca, the Al-Aqsa
mosque in Jerusalem, and the Prophet Muhammad’s mosque in Medina.
● The Quran (or Koran) is the major holy text of Islam. The Hadith is another important
book.

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● Followers worship Allah by praying and reciting the Quran. They believe there will
be a day of judgment, and life after death.
● A central idea in Islam is “jihad” which means “struggle.”

Nationalism:
Nationalism is a strong sense of loyalty, sincerity and devotion to one's own nation, often
characterized by a shared culture, history, language, or political identity. It can manifest as a
desire for self-determination, pride in one's country, and the promotion of its interests. Or
Nationalism is the idea that your nation, often identified by a shared ethnicity or set of values,
is better than all other nations. Nationalism can be expressed as aggression toward other
nations.
Nationalism originated from the concept of the nation. When we examine history, we find
that before the emergence of the nation-state, there were empires in the world, such as the
Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire, and the Islamic Caliphate. Before this, there was no
distinct national identity, societies were often structured around rulers and families etc.
The rise of capitalism in the 18th century led to increased trade among people who shared a
common language, as language played a crucial role. Societies began to form based on
several key features: a stable community, a common language, a shared territory, a common
culture, a common economy, and a common religion. Those with these characteristics began
to refer to themselves as a nation, like the English and the French.
France, through capitalist development and the French Revolution, emerge as a nation, while
the concept of a nation also developed in England. In France and England, the idea of a
nation grew from the grassroots, whereas in other European countries, it was often imposed
from the top down. This process can be likened to the individual experience in capitalism,
where the wealthiest states became richer, and the poorest states became even poorer.
Disparities between states gave rise to the emergence of distinct nations.
Nationalism unites individuals who share common characteristics such as religion, a stable
community, a common language, a shared territory, a common culture, and a common
economy.

Secularism:
Secularism is a political philosophy that addresses the relationship between religion and the state. It
upholds the separation of religion from the state and advocates that the state should not be involved in
matters of religion and religion should not be involved in matters of the state.

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The term “Secular” means being "separate" from religion, or having no religious basis. Secularism
means separation of religion from political, economic, social and cultural aspects of life, with religion
being considered a purely personal matter. It also emphasizes providing equal opportunities for
followers of all religions and avoiding discrimination or favoritism based on religion.
Secularism supports both freedom of religion and freedom from religion. It aims to strike a balance by
considering religion as a matter of private conscience, suitable for homes and places of worship.
In protecting freedom of belief secularists would support the right of any person to change their faith
or abandon it, according to their conscience, any person’s religious beliefs or lack of them should not
in itself put them at an advantage or a disadvantage.
Secularism is not atheism: Atheism is the belief that there are no God, while secularism is about
keeping religion separate from the state.
Secularism is not humanism: Humanism is an ethical philosophy about living a good life without
relying on religion. You can be a humanist, atheist, and a secularist, but they are distinct concepts.
How Secularism developed or emerged?
Accoeding to Taimur Rehman; If we look at the history of 1400 years ago, we see that the whole of
Europe was dominated by Roman Catholicism and the Roman Catholic Church. The Catholic Church
was the most powerful institution in medieval Europe, controlling about a third of the land. In the 16th
century, people got fedup with the Catholic Church, leading to a significant revolution against it, led
by Martin Luther. From these protests, the term 'Protestant' emerged.
In 1952, a war broke out between Catholics and Protestants, which continued across Europe until
1700. The war that took place from 1618 to 1648 is considered the largest conflict in European
history. People were tired of the endless war, which caused extensive damage and offered no
resolution. The major powers of Europe decided to end this war.
In 1648, an agreement known as the Treaty of Westphalia was signed. It stated that nations would
not interfere in each other's domestic affairs. Additionally, it was agreed that Roman Catholicism,
Lutheranism, and Calvinism would all be recognized as part of Christianity, and religious conflicts
would cease. After 1700, a period of peace settled over Europe.
When states agreed not to interfere in each other's religious affairs and to keep their state matters
separate, Europe made no progress during these 178 years. After this Europe then developed and
became a modern.

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