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unit 2 AJAX

AJAX NOTES

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13 views

unit 2 AJAX

AJAX NOTES

Uploaded by

ayyanreddymanda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

Purpose of AJAX

 Read data from a web server - after the page has loaded
 Update a web page without reloading the page
 Send data to a web server - in the background

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<div id="demo">
<h2>Let AJAX change this text</h2>
<button type="button" onclick="loadDoc()">Change
Content</button>
</div>

</body>
</html>

function loadDoc() {
const xhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhttp.onload = function() {

document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = this.responseText;
}
xhttp.open("GET", "ajax_info.txt", true);
xhttp.send();
}

what is AJAX?
AJAX = Asynchronous JavaScript And XML.

AJAX is not a programming language.

AJAX just uses a combination of:

 A browser built-in XMLHttpRequest object (to request data from a web


server)
 JavaScript and HTML DOM (to display or use the data).

How AJAX Works


 1. An event occurs in a web page (the page is loaded, a button is clicked)
 2. An XMLHttpRequest object is created by JavaScript
 3. The XMLHttpRequest object sends a request to a web server
 4. The server processes the request
 5. The server sends a response back to the web page
 6. The response is read by JavaScript
 7. Proper action (like page update) is performed by JavaScript

The keystone of AJAX is the XMLHttpRequest object.

1. Create an XMLHttpRequest object


2. Define a callback function
3. Open the XMLHttpRequest object
4. Send a Request to a server

The XMLHttpRequest Object


All modern browsers support the XMLHttpRequest object.

The XMLHttpRequest object can be used to exchange data with a web server
behind the scenes. This means that it is possible to update parts of a web
page, without reloading the whole page.
Create an XMLHttpRequest Object
All modern browsers (Chrome, Firefox, IE, Edge, Safari, Opera) have a built-
in XMLHttpRequest object.

Syntax for creating an XMLHttpRequest object:

variable = new XMLHttpRequest();

Define a Callback Function


A callback function is a function passed as a parameter to another function.

In this case, the callback function should contain the code to execute when
the response is ready.

xhttp.onload = function() {
// What to do when the response is ready
}

Send a Request
To send a request to a server, you can use the open() and send() methods of
the XMLHttpRequest object:

xhttp.open("GET", "ajax_info.txt");
xhttp.send();

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<body>

<h2>The XMLHttpRequest Object</h2>

<div id="demo">
<p>Let AJAX change this text.</p>

<button type="button" onclick="loadDoc()">Change Content</button>

</div>

<script>

function loadDoc() {

const xhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();

xhttp.onload = function() {

document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = this.responseText;

xhttp.open("GET", "ajax_info.txt");

xhttp.send();

</script>

</body>

</html>

XMLHttpRequest Object Methods


XMLHttpRequest Object Methods

Method Description

new XMLHttpRequest() Creates a new XMLHttpRequest object

abort() Cancels the current request

getAllResponseHeaders() Returns header information

getResponseHeader() Returns specific header information

open(method, url, async, user, psw) Specifies the request

method: the request type GET or


POST

XMLHttpRequest Object Properties


Property Description

onload Defines a function to be called when the request is


received (loaded)

onreadystatechang Defines a function to be called when the readyState


e property changes

readyState Holds the status of the XMLHttpRequest.


0: request not initialized
1: server connection established
2: request received
3: processing request
4: request finished and response is ready

responseText Returns the response data as a string

responseXML Returns the response data as XML data

status Returns the status-number of a request


200: "OK"
403: "Forbidden"
404: "Not Found"
For a complete list go to the Http Messages
Reference

statusText Returns the status-text (e.g. "OK" or "Not Found")

The onload Property


With the XMLHttpRequest object you can define a callback function to be
executed when the request receives an answer.

The function is defined in the onload property of the XMLHttpRequest object:

The onreadystatechange Property


The readyState property holds the status of the XMLHttpRequest.

The onreadystatechange property defines a callback function to be executed


when the readyState changes.

The status property and the statusText properties hold the status of the
XMLHttpRequest object.

Property Description

onreadystatechang Defines a function to be called when the readyState


e property changes

readyState Holds the status of the XMLHttpRequest.


0: request not initialized
1: server connection established
2: request received
3: processing request
4: request finished and response is ready

status 200: "OK"


403: "Forbidden"
404: "Page not found"
For a complete list go to the Http Messages
Reference
statusText Returns the status-text (e.g. "OK" or "Not Found")

The onreadystatechange function is called every time the readyState changes.

When readyState is 4 and status is 200, the response is ready:

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<body>

<div id="demo">

<h2>The XMLHttpRequest Object</h2>

<button type="button" onclick="loadDoc()">Change Content</button>

</div>

<script>

function loadDoc() {

const xhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();

xhttp.onreadystatechange = function() {

if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) {

document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML =

this.responseText;

};

xhttp.open("GET", "ajax_info.txt");

xhttp.send();

</script>

</body>
</html>

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