Australia-Pak
Agriculture Sector Linkages
Program (ASLP)
Walking the Chain Activity –
A Case Study of Australian Mango Industry
ASLP Mango Supply Chain Group in an Australian
Mango Orchard ASLP Mango Supply Chain Group in Packhouse
1
What the Dubai consumer wants
•Aroma
•Rubbery firmness
•No or little blemish
•Clean fruit (not dirty)
•Acceptable varieties
2
Prices of Pakistan mango in Carrefour,
Dubai, June 2007
Pakistan (Sindhri) Rs84/Kg
Thailand Rs320/Kg
Indian (Tutapuri) Rs128/kg
Indian (Rajapuki) Rs144/kg
Indian (Badami) Rs144/kg
Indian (Kesar) Rs160/kg
Africa Rs432/kg
What the Dubai consumer often received
• No or little aroma
• Dirty fruit
• Many blemishes and rots
• Too soft or too hard/green
As a result, prices were the
lowest of all competitors
3
What caused this result?
• No or little aroma: poor
harvest maturity standards
•Uneven colour: poor harvest
maturity standards
•Many blemishes and rots:
poor postharvest systems
• Too soft or too green: poor
temperature management
• Too many poor quality
mangoes supplied: poor
marketing management
As a result, sales were poor and returns were low
Percentage of Different Categories of Sea Freighted
Sindhri Mangoes at Retail Stores in Dubai
Blemishes Rots Normal
Blemishes, 44
Normal, 46
Rots, 10
4
STEPS AT UAF (ASLP-PROJECT)
What The Singapore Importer Often
Received
•Poorly stacked pallets of
unstrapped cartons
•Weak packaging
•Fruit of incorrect maturity,
poorly graded and of low
quality
•Inconsistent supply
LIMEWASH-
A New Technology
Acquired fruit quality by sap burn management
Untreated fruits Fruits treated with lime
(control)
5
Postharvest Entomology
Mangoes must go through quarantine treatment when
exported.
Previous Requirements Modern Day Needs
• EDB (Banned) • HWT(45-48 for 30-75min)
• VHT (46-47°C core temp for
10 min.)
• Modified Atmosphere (0.03-
0.26% O2 + 72-82% CO2
for up to 4 days)
Postharvest Pathology
Mangoes to undergo HWT for disease control
Modern Day Needs
• HWT(52C for 5 min)
6
Use Of Ionizing Radiation:
Irradiation of fruit has been approved in USA and
many other countries of the world.
Advantages Disadvantages
• Reduce decay in • The host commodity
mango fruits needs to have a higher
• Delay ripening tolerance to radiation
• Increase carotene than the deteriorative
contents organisms
• A combination of • Target oriented dosage
irradiation and HWT is varies from variety to
more effective. variety and must be
standardized properly
• Mango has min. • Public Policy Issues ???
detrimental effects
Broccoli, cucumber, Kiwi fruit, tomato, sweet corn, cut flowers
7
Handling of tomato
By: Siti Hajar, UPM, Malaysia
GENETICALLY MODIFIED FRUITS
ethylene produced
Delay in
ripening of
cantaloupe
melon fruits
Expression of ACC
oxidase antisense gene ethylene production blocked
inhibits ripening of
cantaloupe melon fruits
R. Ayub, et al. Nature
Biotechnology vol 14: p
862 (1996)
From
Nature Biotechnology
8
GENETICALLY MODIFIED FRUITS
STRAWBERRIES
Arctic flounder produces an antifreeze to protect itself in
freezing waters. Plan is to find the gene that regulates
production of the antifreeze and introduce it into
strawberry plants. The success would result in strawberry
plants that can withstand frosts in field and home freezer.
FRESH CUT PRODUCE
9
MARKET DEMAND/SCOPE OF
FRESH-CUT PRODECE
France: about 20% of consumers buy Fresh-cut products.
UK is the fastest growing market (sell 90% fresh-cut produce) in
Europe, with a wide variety of products in the retail segment
Holland is a very big consumer of Fresh-cut vegetables, 30% in the
food service sector and 70% in retail.
USA: Over $15 billion fresh cut consumption
Future Directions
• Improvements in genetic plant material
• Integrated Orchard Management
• Intellectual property rights legislation
• Developments in postharvest handling and
transportation
• Consideration of Consumer health and food safety
issues
10
Future Directions
• Capacity building
• Quality regulation-incentives to mandatory (Codex, GlobalGAP)
• Infrastructure-Roads-Processing-Logistics
• Value addition
• Aggressive marketing campaign
• Setting priority right (local and national)
• Changes in curriculum and trainings to meet the global needs
T
H
A
N
K
S
11
Fresh Produce World: Overall Production and Trade
Seasonal Supplier to Niche Markets
Postharvest
Fresh Produce Supply Chain
Handling
Production
Post-Harvest
Producer Transport Pack Export/ Retail Consumer
house Import
Pre-Harvest
Commodity
Pre-Production Marketing
MAP KEY
Off-season Supplier Tropical Supplier Niche Supplier Major markets
POSTHARVEST LOSSES
• Average postharvest losses = 25-40%
• Primary factors responsible :
– Poor pre-harvest measures–
• adoption of poor production techniques (varieties with low shelf life,
• imbalance use of nutrients, insect pest and disease infestation and abiotic
stresses
– Low tech harvesting procedures–
• non-application of pre-harvest recommended treatments/practices,
harvesting at improper stage and improper care at harvest
– Post-harvest problems-
• non-removal of field heat,
• dumping produce,
• moisture condensation causing pathogen infestation,
• packaging in bulk with out sorting and grading of produce,
• improper transportation and storage, and
• distant and time consuming market distribution
12
Postharvest Issues
Postharvest Issues
13
Postharvest handling of orchids
By: Siti Hajar, UPM, Malaysia
LIMEWASH-A New Technology
Effect of different chemicals on sap burn injury in
mango cv Sindhri
3.5
3
(Sindhri)
24 hrs
2.5 48 hrs
Injury score
72 hrs
2
1.5
0.5
0
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8
Treatments
14
