Unit 1

Lesson 1: Definition and ▪ It gives a forecast and foresight that

greatly contributes to the well-being of
Etymology of Trends the state.

Trends Lesson 3: 3 Divisions of

▪ From the old English word; Tredan
meaning to revolve or rotate. Trends in the 21st Century
▪ Reffered to as a common course of
interest that is happening, changing, or
developing in a certain area that requires Social Trends
a clear understanding on its implication. ➢ Emanating from the social and cultural
▪ The people should not only know the standards that is being practiced and
latest or newest occurrences of trends observed.
but of course they must have the ➢ In application, it is best understand with
capacity and ability to predict or decipher relation to past, present and future
what is going to transpire or happen in generation of trends.
the near future. ➢ Example: languages, arts, fashion, design,
technology, values, norms, social issues
Fads and concerns
▪ A form of collective interest which
characterizes popularity and familiarity Economic Trends
by general public within a certain ➢ Trends provide mechanisms and models
culture, locale or area and monitored in order to accommodate increase of the
actively by a group of individuals for a unlimited needs and wants of the general
brief or short period of time. public and thereby defraying issues on
boundless demand and disputes on
scarcity of resources.
Lesson 2: Distinctions ➢ Example: main goods, commodities and
between Trends and Fads services offered in the general market.
Such as cellular phones, computers,
gadgets, stocks, shares and business
Trends Fads supplies
Serves for a long A definite period of
Political Trends
period of time. time.
➢ It deals with the happening of events that
More or less Temporary in nature is developing in the political phase of
permanent that give that is subject for every nation.
precise continuation modification of ➢ It includes the nature of political systems,
of interest. preference or international relations, government and
considered as those relating to government activities
momentarily. and public affairs of the society.
Greatly influence, Influencing individuals ➢ Example: elections, change on the kind or
affect and contribute fade rapidly since it form of government, proclamation of
to the general market. does not place a great martial law and impeachment trial of the
influences to the president
potentials individual.
Apply to a large group To a certain cluster or Lesson 4: Elements of Trends
of people. lesser group of • The trend must be new, meaning there
individuals interests. must be the so called adaptation of the
latest innovation and technology.
Trend Analysis • It requires novelty or improvement of the
▪ It is basically demarcated as a general product or process.
practice of gathering information of • Nonetheless, the recap and re-
current issues, topics, innovation and introduction of previous and past trends
novelties and thus preparing concepts to qualifies as a new concept to present
identify a pattern or design in relation to generations.
the information collected.

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Unit 1
• It is of common interest, trends must be Trend is Incorporated
appreciated and accepted by the  This is also known as the process of
numerous aggregate of Individuals. amalgamation. The cycle of trends may
• Thus, having the same concept, relate to what happened, happening and
beneficial to all, and similar conclusion what will happen in the future. In this
in trying to collect the comprehensive manner, the relationship of the past,
and identical interest as to the desired present and future trends are susceptible
end result of all concerned. of repetition and improvement and may
• Socially and industrially relevant, this is again be applied in every scenario it suit
one of the distinct elements of trend that best depending upon the demands of its
paves its way for its proper distribution. clientele.
• Upon emergence of trends, it must show
the capacity to be relevant not only Trend is Active
socially but also industrially available  This entails that trend is subject to stages
and appropriate to the general market. of development. It gives the presumption
• Generally applicable, it means that of progress and evolution of every
Trends must be realistic without country. This is also supported and
discrimination or diversities in validated by the different technological
application. advancement and growing demands of
• It must be generally applied to all the society.
without selection or preference subject
to individuals owns capacity and
capability in allocating the needs and Lesson 6: Factors that
wants for trends.
Indicates the discontinuity of
Lesson 5: Characteristic of Trend
Trends Change of Preference
◊ One reason for the discontinuity of trends
Trend is Learned undermines the alteration or modification
 Learning is a continuous process, in our of individuals taste or preference as to a
everyday living we are learning. It is a certain trend. The diversity as to likeness
part of life that helps us grow. We is subject to inevitable changes from time
acquire and adopt trend based from the to time. This is also known as the so
inviting and irresistible influences in the called “preference shifting of trends”. The
society such as the social media, public choice of trend may vary from the
figures, business firms, entities, families, different perspective of individuals
peers, institutions, cultures and depending on the demands of the general
environment. public at a given period of time.

Trend is Collective Damaged trend Sequence

 Trends are disseminated to persons. As ◊ The effectivity and applicability of trends
a rule, trends are general in application. do not mean infinity or eternity. Once
It is available to anyone and shared by trend has risen up, it will definitely at a
everyone. However, trends presuppose certain point in time that allows it to either
varieties that depends on individual’s fall, break or stop until such trend is again
capacity to adopt the movements of utilized in the near future.
growing trends.
Diminishing Utilization
Trend is based on Influence ◊ This concept supports the change of
 One of the features of trends is the impact preference factor. It explains that
and impression it gives to the general continuous utilization of a specific trend
public. Undoubtedly, once influence comes from time to time without an alternative or
into play it greatly affects the respondent’s substitution will result to discontinuity or
free will, vitiates consent or even direct stoppage of patronage. The individual’s
decision making in a certain degree. psychological needs of satisfaction is not
achieved by reason of similarity of usages
and outcomes.

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Unit 1
• This analysis is commonly used in strategic
Price Dropping planning of an organization in order to
• One decisive indicator that shows maintain stability and sustainability.
discontinuity of trend is when the value
of the trend being offered to general STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
public typically goes down with in its
normal or usual price. The cost of the  Positive attributes that  Factors that
trend being sold is less than the initial empower the immobilize and affect
selling price. It is of common notion in organization in the quality
the area of business organization and attaining development. performance of an
enterprise that the decrease of value of  Strong foundations of organization.
a certain merchandise represents an institution.  Requires attention to
subsequent stoppage of production.  Strengths show why prevent serious
an organization loss or injury that
manages to stand may result to
Unit 2; Lesson 1: Local despite the difficulties financial reverses or
and unending distress to an
Network challenges. organization.
OPPORTUNITIES THREAT
Local Network
• It entails relationship and connections of  Possible occasions  Misfortunes,
and chances that unforeseeable
individuals through proper linkages of
leads to the events, trials,
communications within a prescribe
advancement of problems and
society or community.
Organization. danger.
• Local networks concerns primarily
 Perfect time or good  One of the reasons
within the internal surface of the
chance in order to behind the
organizations and be best understood by
progress in all aspects downfall of the
knowing the application and definition of
and for the organization.
both strategic analysis and intuitive
advancement of the  Great obstacle for
thinking.
organization the organization’s
success
3 Categories of Social Network
 Political Network
 Economic Network Lesson 3: Intuitive and
 Socio Cultural Network-peers
analytical thinking
Strategic Analysis
• It is one of the most effective and INTUITIVE THINKING
efficient standards used for the success The word intuition comes from the Latin
and development of all organizations, word “Intueri”, meaning “to contemplate or
companies, corporations, businesses, anticipate.
government institutions and the like. It is defined as a process of sensing rational
• This is considered as a powerful medium discernment of ideas without need of evidence or
to attain unified advancement. proof for its validation and confirmation.
In simple terms, it refers to the initial
Lesson 2: SWOT Analysis thinking and response to a certain scenario
not supported whether it will result to a right
decision or not. It is of wrong notion that
SWOT Analysis intuition is synonymous to instinct.
• Refers to a definite protocol and
observance undertaken by the
ANALYTICAL THINKING
administrators, leaders, stakeholders
An analytical thinker conceptualizes every
and owners of an organization to
detail, scenario, data and particulars before
determine and examine the positive and
proceeding or deciding on a material concern.
negative indicator for development
This approach emphasizes the importance of
coupled by the execution of a thorough
analyzing the facts, the comprehensive planning,
study on the strengths, weaknesses,
and projecting the probable outcome and
opportunities and threats being affected
consequences of every decision.
by the organization.

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Unit 2 Migration
• Movement of people from one territory to
• Good Leadership • Lack financial another for the purpose of taking up either
skills and trainings. packages to a permanent of temporary residence.
• Experienced and employees. • Migration is said to be as old as human
well trained • Obsolete civilizations, and there is clear proof that
employees. machineries, tools globalization is inextricably related to it. The
• Competitive and equipment. growing demand for laborers in most
organization with • Employees are not capitalist countries precipitated the
strong profits. well compensated. migration of many families from the
• None observance of unprivileged communities.
proper safety • According to estimates, more or less 20% of
protocols. the labor force in the Philippines wants to
leave the country in search for a job
S W abroad. Some of them become victims of
illegal recruitment and human trafficking.
O T
People migrate for various reasons. The
• Creation of new • Insurgencies and reasons may fall under four categories:
stores. rebellion in the area.
➢ Environmental
• Increased in • Fortuitous events,
➢ Political
production and contingencies and
➢ Cultural
services offered. calamities.
➢ Economic
• Adaption of new • Withdrawal of
technology. employees.
• Shifting of customers
Within these categories, National
preference. Geographic categorized them as "push"
and "pull" factors of migration.

Unit 3; Lesson 1: Global 1. Push Factors - are those that motivate

people to move from one place to another
Network: Labor and because of difficulty, such as food shortage,
war, flood, etc.
Migration 2. Pull Factors - are those that motivate
people to move their place to another place
Globalization simply because of some desirable reasons
• Is the most powerful force for change in such as nicer a climate, better food supply,
the world today affecting all societies on and freedom.
the planet. It entails the movement of
capital, free flow of goods and services, Consider the following situations. Decide
the increased mobility of individuals, and which of them are push or pull factors:
the expansions of multinational ▪ Difficult living conditions
corporations and transnational ▪ Affordable housing
organizations. ▪ Government persecution
• Globalization has integrated the product ▪ Unemployment
and financial markets of economies ▪ Good economic prospects
around the world through the driving ▪ Good weather
forces of trade and capital flows across ▪ War or social unrest
borders. ▪ Safe streets
• One of the goals of globalization is for ▪ Good schools and hospitals
the world to become more ▪ Poverty
interdependent. People and countries of ▪ Lack of job opportunities
the world are closely woven together ▪ Corruption
especially in the economic aspect. It ▪ Presence of family and friends
aims to standardizes income distribution ▪ Cinemas, museums, theaters, concert hall
through its economic integration ▪ Bad educational system
schemes. It show that globalization have
a advantages and disadvantages.

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Unit 3 INTUITIVE THINKING
• The word intuition comes from the Latin word
"Intueri", meaning "to contemplate or anticipate."
TYPES OF MIGRATION • It is defined as a process of sensing rational
discernment of ideas without need of evidence or
1. Internal Migration - this is defined as the proof for its validation and confirmation.
process where migrants look for a new • In simple terms, it refers to the initial thinking
residence within their own country, state, and response to a certain scenario not supported
or continent. whether it will result to a right decision or not. It
2. External Migration - moving in a different is of wrong notion that intuition is synonymous to
country, state or continent to a new instinct.
residence. • Negative side of Intuitive thinking involves a
3. Migration - leaving one country to psychological way of thinking in which people's
another. behavior and mentality prevent them from
4. Immigration - moving into a new country. acquiring new and additional knowledge and ideas
5. Forced Migration - this happens when the that are needed and required for further growth
state or authorities forced its people to and improvement. It explains that in every aspect
migrate for a reason. For example; War. of change there is resistance and defiance from
possible resolutions and outcomes.
Migration, Globalization, and Climate
Change. ANALYTICAL THINKING
 Natural calamities like earthquakes, • An analytical thinker conceptualizes every detail,
tsunamis, typhoons, and floods have scenario, data and particulars before proceeding
brought varying degrees of devastation or deciding on a material concern.
around the world. The global • This approach emphasizes the importance of
consciousness that climate change may analyzing the facts, the comprehensive planning
represent one of the most significant and projecting the probable outcome and
threats of the near future has stimulated consequences of every decision.
humanity's collective interest in disaster.
 Achim Steiner, Director General of the SUMMARY OF DISTINCTIONS: INTUITIVE
International Union for conversation of THINKING AND ANALYTICAL THINKING
nature, believes that migration, both
forces and voluntary, will be the most INTUITIVE ANALYTICAL
significant consequence of climate THINKING THINKING
change and environmental degradation.
"Migration, forced or otherwise, will Absence of time to Presence of time to
undoubtedly be one of the most rationalize think
significant consequences of Disoriented solutions Organized goals
environmental degradation. Abstract production Concrete output
 250 million people are permanently
displaced by climate change-related Initial response Best option
phenomena, such as flood droughts, Unfocused Focuses on the real
famines, and hurricanes. issues
 In the past 10 years alone, Asia had been
Heart-centered Brain - centered
hit by strong earthquakes, tsunamis, and
typhoons that resulted in the loss of Immediate response Conceptualize action
thousands of lives and left tens of
thousands homeless and in anguish.
Placelessness disentangles individuals Unit 4: Lesson 1: Planetary
and communities, often with global
ecological and environmental movements Networks: Climate Change
have observed that those climate
refugees are the people who migrate Climate Change
because of disaster and not by war or any  Is represented as an environmental
conflict in their country. phenomenon that occurs by virtue of gradual
transformation and distribution of different
weather conditions for a considerable length
Lesson 3: Intuitive and of time.
Analytical Thinking

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Unit 4 SOME CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE

 The concept of climate change is often 1. Burning of Fossil fuels

misunderstood as global warming. - Fossil fuels refers to those relating to the
 It encompasses all classes of change remnants or remains of plants and animals that is
and development in the earth's climate transformed to fuel oils, gases, hydrocarbons, and
and environment while the latter is coals. By burning these fuels, it generates heat
concentrated and focuses on the causing global warming and resulting to increase
warmness temperature of the globe in of heat temperature.
its earth surfaces. 2. Deforestation
 Undoubtedly, the issue on climate - Trees and plants greatly absorb and captivate
change and global warming is being carbon dioxide that prevent the earth surface
taken for granted. By correlation, it is from engaging into global warming. Deforestation,
like a sickness or disease that we are conversion of land use from forest to industrial
experiencing that is trapped in the land and illegal cutting/logging of trees are the
human body. Emerging slowly until our factors that increased probability of climate
body is fully consumed resulting to the change.
unpleasant consequence of death. 3. Increase in population
Indeed, we are feeling its causes and - The continuing increase in population growth is
seeing clearly its effect. However, we a big factor giving due course to the presence of
still manage to ignore the probable global warming. Man-made causes is feared as a
result. If we consider to take cognizance solid determinant aspect in subsidizing climate
of our environment like our human body, change. The use and misuse of natural resources,
treated it as our own home then maybe production of waste materials, chemicals, gases
we will take the initiative of preserving and improper segregation of garbage give room
and conserving our beloved earth. for the obliteration of our environment.
 By way of contrary, some societies do 4. Volcanic eruptions
not believe in the concept of climate - The outburst eruption of volcanoes releasing
change, for them it is not true, it is not vast chemical gases like water vapor, Sulphur
happening, it is non-existent and dioxide and ashes traversed the air and
surviving only as fictitious idea. However, atmosphere. The result is very inimical and
taking such point, the reality lies not in dangerous to the health of community especially
the concept of emergence of climate to the infants. The combination and mixture of
change alone but rather the gases that emerge to the environment fund the
responsibilities and obligations we must increase of global warming.
undertake as human being in order to
preserve our environment. We are SOME EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
mandated by the implied rule of • Increased of sea level due to melting of ice
humanity and we definitely owe this to deposits
future generations. Therefore, it is • Presence of severe typhoons
inevitably happening. It is a serious • Heavy rains/Heavy flood
problem that needs to be addressed • Imbalance weather conditions
properly. • Economic reverses and distress
• Depletion of natural resources and reserves
ENVIRONMENT • El Nino/La Nina duration varieties
• Defined as the atmospheric condition, place • Wildfires and forest fires
or location suitable for the inhabitant's • Heat waves
evolution, transformation and environmental • Sickness/Diseases/Death
development. This is an indispensable
requirement for lifecycle, habitat and
 The impression of climate change does not
sustenance. It also refers to a definite area
provide abrupt or sudden reactions or
where humanity lives purposely and
changes. It is evident and happening in some
continuously.
parts of the globe but surely through time, it
will generate effects in the whole country
that is why we need to prepare and equipped
ourselves on its possible consequence.

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Unit 4 Solar panels are devices that converts light into
electricity. By utilizing the sunlight that is
absolutely free and converting it to electricity. it
SOME UNDERTAKING TO PREVENT will not only minimize electric cost but greatly
AND MINIMIZE CLIMATE CHANGE. help in lessening the Co2 emission that is one of
the contributors of climate change. Solar powered
1. Self-awareness and involving oneself gadgets are now sold in stores for regular
 First things first, if you want to help in consumers for everyday use. Examples are solar
minimizing the effects of climate change powered radio, power banks, and flashlight. Solar
you should be well-educated and powered gadgets are now an upcoming trend.
consciously aware of the emerging
problem of climate change and its effect The Three (3) R's of Preservation: Reduce, Reuse
and Recycle.
to our environment. Our simple
engagement and day to day habit provides REDUCE:
significant effect to our environment. An • There are a lot of things that will fall under this
example of which includes the kind or category. Like, defraying from buying disposable
mode of transportation that we have. The goods, use of paper bags, composting and car-
improper use of vehicles contribute to pooling. However, the most basic and commonly
heavy traffic producing massive used in worldwide consumptions pertain to the so
dangerous gases polluting the air. If called, "Plastics All forms of plastics are
possible, when proceeding to a nearby generally use and dispose of every day. If we will
store or station, instead of driving our car break down the composition of garbage and
why don't we just walk or use bicycle. Not residue, we will realize that it is mainly composed
only it will lessen the carbon emission of plastics which is popularly known to be made
that is detrimental to the ozone layer, but of toxic materials and chemicals that are usually
it will also help us to be healthy and being deposited in oceans and seas Inadvertently,
preferably in good shape. Moreover, join a it is accidentally consumed by fishes and other
campaign concerning climate change marine animals. It does not only endanger life but
promotion and support project that also destroy their habitat.
focuses on ways to save our planet. As • In relation to the programs of the govemment,
someone who has deep concern on the ordinances and laws are being implemented to
environment, inhabitants should set a help eliminate and eradicate the use of plastics.
good example in order to be followed by For example, in the Philippines, Senate Bill No.
everyone. Also, since health is considered 2759, known as "total plastic ban Act of 2011" this
a personal treasure of worth value, start measure prohibit the use of plastic bags in
from eating right. Choose healthy food groceries, restaurants and other establishments
with rich nutriments and avoid process Another one is improving waste management
foods. Sifting to organic foods most system in the locality. Likewise, advocacies and
especially those locally organic plants. As forum on the proper segregation of garbage from
much as practicable, refrain from eating biodegradable to non-biodegradable is a matter of
meats since most of the greenhouse necessity.
gases emits from dairy and meat
factories. Better yet, grow your own REUSE:
vegetable or fruit farm in your own • Reusing items that are commonly utilize can
backyard. also help in minimizing the effects of climate
change. Instead of throwing things away we
2. Energy conservation should devise and find ways to use it again. Here
 Is regarded as one of the most effective are some examples that you can use at Home.
tool to prevent climate change. Basic Create pillow cases, floor maps and rags out of
examples includes utilization of light old clothes. Also, if you have a pile of clothes
emission diode or LED Lights instead of inside your closets bring them to centers who
using ordinary and less economical light needs donation. Another option is a garage sale
bulbs, unplug electronic gadgets and which you can do in your own yard. Shoeboxes
Equipment that are not in use, simple can be storage box just by adding some crafts and
things like drying your hair can be done in creativity, it will give a new life and purpose to it.
natural way instead of using electric hair • When going to groceries use eco bags instead of
dryers. plastic bags, not only that is a trendy nowadays
 If possible, use solar powered equipment but its main purpose is to reduce plastic bags,
or energy efficient appliances at home.

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Unit 4 > E.g. Voluntary speakerships on conferences on
the issues and challenges on climate change.
> Faithful compliance and practicing the proper way
there are lot of alternative ways of dealing or means to save our planet earth.
with our surpluses. The application of arts, > E.g. be responsible on your own waste and defray
innovation and imagination are some of the from using Styrofoam and plastics.
basic ideas we need to re-purpose things.
COMPOSITION OF GASSES ON
RECYCLE CLIMATE CHANGE:
• It is simply defined as the process of
generating, making, forming, producing and • Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
creating a new product out of the old material. Carbon dioxide is an essential compound needed by
Nowadays, the most recycled materials are the earth sustenance. However too much
compose of plastic bottles, aluminum cans, production result to detrimental greenhouse gases.
cartons and papers In addition to recycling, This is available by reason of burning fossil fuels,
choose products that are capable of being oils, coals and the unwanted cutting down of trees.
recycled. Also, patronizing recycled products • Methane (CH4)
and materials. One of the best way to help and Refers to the natural gas and denoted as the main
contribute to our community is to instill proper component of fossil fuels, though methane is not
discipline and segregation of trash. Initiative, much abundantly as compared to carbon dioxide: It
concern and involvement to projects or ways is still a grave threat to emerging problems on
to help improve our environment from abuses global warming
and negligence that we created will bring life • Nitrous Oxide (N20)
to the future generation of all living kinds. Is simply recalled as a buoyant gas that manages
Undoubtedly, these simple ways and actions adverse effect to earth surfaces resulting to
will have a big impact to others that will lead climate change. It is also known as the destructive
to a better and suitable atmospheric force towards the ozone layer. The ndustrialization
environment. era and improper waste management aggravates
the temperature of the earth Prope
SUMMARY OUTLINE ON PROPER • Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
CONVERSATION AND PRESERVATION: A biochemical gas that produces antagonistic effect
> Use of Energy saving operations and to the earth. It is apparent by virtue of the
procedures compounding elements of fluorine, hydrogen and
> Adoption of solar lights carbon atoms.
> Utilization of ecofriendly materials • Perfluorocarbons (PCFS)
> Reuse Greenhouse gases which is transparent and
> Reduce unscented chemicals which bears a strong life
> Recycle sustenance. An example of which are those
> Reforestation/planting of trees primarily used as lubricants and refrigerants. It is
> Environmental awareness and initiative also present in making plastics.
> Proper discipline and attitude • Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)
> Uphold and observe the laws and regulations Defined as an inorganic chemical that is widely
> Conservation of energy and natural used in the industry of electrical utility. It is also
resources consumed as an insulator. Moreover, Sulfur
> E.g. turn off electricity and water systems hexafluoride is being released from volcanoes
when not in use. upon eruption.
> Ecosystem and environmental
responsiveness. GREENHOUSE EFFECT
> E.g. Support clean up drive and projects of Mentions the environmental occurrences by which
government officials whether regional or local. the radiation coming from the sun is being trapped
> Creating and establishing more in the earth surface by reason of the formation and
environmental groups, associations and combination of greenhouse gases of water vapor,
affiliations. methane, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide
> E.g. joining the international membership and preventing it from escaping in the atmosphere.
worldwide forum on climate change Greenhouse gases is available not only as a natural
safeguarding and maintenance. cause but also by man-made causes.
> Information dissemination and educating the
general public about the causes and effects of
climate change.

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