Signals &

Systems

TRAN
Hoang Tung

Objectives
Discrete Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) Systems
Convolution
Sum

Properties TRAN Hoang Tung

Exercises
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Department
Homework University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH)

October 13, 2022

1/27
 Signals &
Systems

TRAN
1 Lesson Objectives
Hoang Tung

Objectives 2 Convolution Sum

Convolution
Sum 3 Properties
Properties

Exercises
4 Exercises

Homework
5 Homework

2/27
 Signals &
Systems

TRAN
1 Lesson Objectives
Hoang Tung

Objectives 2 Convolution Sum

Convolution
Sum 3 Properties
Properties

Exercises
4 Exercises

Homework
5 Homework

3/27
 Lesson Objectives
Signals &
Systems At the end of this lesson, you should be able to
TRAN
Hoang Tung

Objectives

Convolution
Sum

Properties

Exercises

Homework

4/27
 Lesson Objectives
Signals &
Systems At the end of this lesson, you should be able to
TRAN
Hoang Tung 1 understand the input-output relationship of a LTI system

Objectives

Convolution
Sum

Properties

Exercises

Homework

4/27
 Lesson Objectives
Signals &
Systems At the end of this lesson, you should be able to
TRAN
Hoang Tung 1 understand the input-output relationship of a LTI system
2 calculate convolution sum using different approaches
Objectives

Convolution
Sum

Properties

Exercises

Homework

4/27
 Lesson Objectives
Signals &
Systems At the end of this lesson, you should be able to
TRAN
Hoang Tung 1 understand the input-output relationship of a LTI system
2 calculate convolution sum using different approaches
Objectives
3 determine (and justify) properties of a LTI system:
Convolution Causality
Sum
Stability
Properties ...
Exercises

Homework

4/27
 Signals &
Systems

TRAN
1 Lesson Objectives
Hoang Tung

Objectives 2 Convolution Sum

Signal Representation Using Impulses
Convolution
Sum Convolution
Using Delta
Convolution
3 Properties
Properties

Exercises 4 Exercises
Homework
5 Homework

5/27
 Remind: Delta Impulse
Signals &
Systems
Delta Signal
TRAN
Hoang Tung
!
Objectives
1 if n = 0
δ(n) =
0 if n ∕= 0.
Convolution
Sum
Using Delta
Convolution Why is this signal important?
Properties
Delta is the bulding block of all signals
Exercises
It helps to define a Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) system
Homework

6/27
 Weighted Sum of Shifted Impulses
Signals &
Systems

TRAN
Hoang Tung

Objectives

Convolution
Sum
Using Delta
Convolution

Properties

Exercises

Homework

7/27
 Weighted Sum of Shifted Impulses
Signals &
Systems

TRAN
Hoang Tung

Objectives

Convolution
Sum
Using Delta
Convolution

Properties

Exercises

Homework

7/27
 Weighted Sum of Shifted Impulses
Signals &
Systems

TRAN Important
Hoang Tung

Objectives
+∞
"
Convolution
Sum
x[n] = x[k]δ[n − k]
Using Delta k=−∞
Convolution

Properties

Exercises

Homework

7/27
 Convolution Sum
Signals &
Systems
Definition
TRAN
Hoang Tung
+∞
"
Objectives y [n] = x[k]h[n − k]
Convolution k=−∞
Sum
Using Delta
Convolution

Properties

Exercises

Homework

8/27
 Convolution Sum
Signals &
Systems
Definition
TRAN
Hoang Tung
+∞
"
Objectives y [n] = x[k]h[n − k]
Convolution k=−∞
Sum
Using Delta
Convolution Example
Properties Consider a discrete LTI system:
Exercises
y (n) = x(n + 1) − 2x(n)
Homework

Determine y (n) given x(n) = [2, 1, 3, 2]

↑

8/27
 Direct Approach: y (n) = x(n + 1) − 2x(n)
Signals &
Systems With x(n) = [2, 1, 3, 2].
↑
TRAN
Hoang Tung

Objectives

Convolution
Sum
Using Delta
Convolution

Properties

Exercises

Homework

9/27
 Impluse #1: y (n) = x(n + 1) − 2x(n)
Signals &
Systems With x(n) = [2, 1, 3, 2] and h[n] = [1, −2]
↑ ↑
TRAN
Hoang Tung

Objectives

Convolution
Sum
Using Delta
Convolution

Properties

Exercises

Homework

10/27
 Impluse #2: y (n) = x(n + 1) − 2x(n)
Signals &
Systems With x(n) = [2, 1, 3, 2] and h[n] = [1, −2]
↑ ↑
TRAN
Hoang Tung

Objectives

Convolution
Sum
Using Delta
Convolution

Properties

Exercises

Homework

11/27
 Examples
Signals &
Systems

TRAN
Hoang Tung

Objectives

Convolution
Sum
Using Delta
Convolution

Properties

Exercises

Homework

12/27
 Exercises
Signals &
Systems

TRAN
Hoang Tung

Objectives

Convolution
Sum
Using Delta
Convolution

Properties

Exercises

Homework

13/27
 Signals &
Systems

TRAN
1 Lesson Objectives
Hoang Tung

Objectives 2 Convolution Sum

Convolution
Sum 3 Properties
Properties Commutative
Commutative Distributive
Distributive Associative
Associative
Invertibility
Invertibility
Causality Causality
Stability
Stability
Exercises

Homework 4 Exercises

5 Homework
14/27
 Commutative
Signals &
Systems
Definition
TRAN
Hoang Tung

x[n] ∗ h[n] = h[n] ∗ x[n]

Objectives

Convolution
Sum

Properties
Commutative
Distributive
Associative
Invertibility
Causality
Stability

Exercises

Homework

15/27
 Commutative
Signals &
Systems
Definition
TRAN
Hoang Tung

x[n] ∗ h[n] = h[n] ∗ x[n]

Objectives

Convolution
Sum Verify this property.
Properties
Commutative
Distributive
Associative
Invertibility
Causality
Stability

Exercises

Homework

15/27
 Distributive
Signals &
Systems
Definition
TRAN
Hoang Tung

x[n] ∗ (h1 [n] + h2 [n]) = x[n] ∗ h1 [n] + x[n] ∗ h2 [n]

Objectives

Convolution
Sum

Properties
Commutative
Distributive
Associative
Invertibility
Causality
Stability

Exercises

Homework

16/27
 Distributive
Signals &
Systems
Definition
TRAN
Hoang Tung

x[n] ∗ (h1 [n] + h2 [n]) = x[n] ∗ h1 [n] + x[n] ∗ h2 [n]

Objectives

Convolution
Sum Verify this property.
Properties
Commutative
Distributive
Associative
Invertibility
Causality
Stability

Exercises

Homework

16/27
 Distributive - Parallel Interconnection
Signals &
Systems

TRAN
Hoang Tung

Objectives

Convolution
Sum

Properties
Commutative
Distributive
Associative
Invertibility
Causality
Stability

Exercises

Homework

17/27
 Associative
Signals &
Systems
Definition
TRAN
Hoang Tung

x[n] ∗ (h1 [n] ∗ h2 [n]) = (x[n] ∗ h1 [n]) ∗ h2 [n]

Objectives

Convolution
Sum

Properties
Commutative
Distributive
Associative
Invertibility
Causality
Stability

Exercises

Homework

18/27
 Associative
Signals &
Systems
Definition
TRAN
Hoang Tung

x[n] ∗ (h1 [n] ∗ h2 [n]) = (x[n] ∗ h1 [n]) ∗ h2 [n]

Objectives

Convolution
Sum Verify this property.
Properties
Commutative
Distributive
Associative
Invertibility
Causality
Stability

Exercises

Homework

18/27
 Associative - Series Interconnection
Signals &
Systems

TRAN
Hoang Tung

Objectives

Convolution
Sum

Properties
Commutative
Distributive
Associative
Invertibility
Causality
Stability

Exercises

Homework

19/27
 Associative & Commutative
Signals &
Systems

TRAN
Hoang Tung

Objectives

Convolution
Sum

Properties
Commutative
Distributive
Associative
Invertibility
Causality
Stability

Exercises

Homework

20/27
 Associative & Commutative
Signals &
Systems

TRAN
Hoang Tung

Objectives

Convolution
Sum

Properties
Commutative
Distributive
Associative
Invertibility
Causality
Stability

Exercises

Homework

20/27
 Invertibility
Signals &
Systems Identity system h[n] = δ[n], an example of telecommunication.
TRAN
Hoang Tung

Objectives

Convolution
Sum

Properties
Commutative
Distributive
Associative
Invertibility
Causality
Stability

Exercises

Homework

21/27
 Invertibility
Signals &
Systems
Example
TRAN
Hoang Tung
Given a system with impulse response
Objectives
h1 [n] = u[n]
Convolution
Sum
Verify that its inverse system has h2 [n] = δ[n] − δ[n − 1]
Properties
Commutative
Distributive
Associative
Invertibility
Causality
Stability

Exercises

Homework

22/27
 Causality
Signals &
Systems A LTI system is causal iff its impulse response satisfy the
TRAN
Hoang Tung
condition:
h[n] = 0 for n < 0
Objectives

Convolution
Sum

Properties
Commutative
Distributive
Associative
Invertibility
Causality
Stability

Exercises

Homework

23/27
 Stability
Signals &
Systems A LTI system is stable iff its impulse response is absolutely
TRAN
Hoang Tung
summable "
|h[n]| < ∞
Objectives

Convolution
Sum

Properties
Commutative
Distributive
Associative
Invertibility
Causality
Stability

Exercises

Homework

24/27
 Exercises
Signals &
Systems In an nth semester, x[n] students enroll in a course requiring a
TRAN
Hoang Tung
certain textbook. The publisher sells y [n] new copies of the
book in the nth semester. On the average, one-quarter of
Objectives students with books in salable condition resell the texts at the
Convolution
end of the semester, and the book life is three semesters.
Sum Write the equation relating y [n] to x[n], assuming that every
Properties student buys a book.
Exercises

Homework

25/27
 Signals &
Systems

TRAN
1 Lesson Objectives
Hoang Tung

Objectives 2 Convolution Sum

Convolution
Sum 3 Properties
Properties

Exercises
4 Exercises

Homework
5 Homework

26/27
 Homework
Signals &
Systems
Discrete LTI Systems Exercises
TRAN
Hoang Tung
2.3, 2.4, 2.7, 2.24
Objectives

Convolution
Sum

Properties

Exercises

Homework

27/27