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The development-WPS Office

Computer development

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21 views

The development-WPS Office

Computer development

Uploaded by

dan kingsbet
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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KAMPALA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

WESTERN CAMPUS

GROUP G

FACULTY: BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT

COURSE: COMPUTER GENERATIONS

COURSE UNIT: COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS

COURSE CODE: UCC1100

SEMESTER:ONE

YEAR: ONE

LECTURE: KYOMUHENDO MEDRINE

QUESTION.GENERATIONS, ONE, TWO AND THREE

NAME REG COURSE

NSHEMERIRWE IMMACULATE 2024-08-27257 BPAM (GL)

ATUKUNDA MAURENCE 2024-08-30460 BPAM (SEC)

AMUMPAIRE CLAIRE PENDING BSWASA

AKAMUPURIRA MARIASHALLON 2024-08-28851 BBA

NUWENSIIMA PROSSY 2024-08-30184 BPAM

KENGANZI CHRISTINE 2024-08-27219 LLB

NUWAHEREZA ISAAC 2024-08-27496 BPAM

NATUHAMYA DOREEN 2024-04-27409 DPAM

NABAASA ANNITAH 2024-08-27802 BHR

AINEMBABAZI JANE PENDING BBA

NANKUNDA RECHEAL 2024-08-29968 BBA

ARYANYONGYERA DEIZY 2024-08-29086 BBA


AYIORWOTH CONFORT PENDING BHR

AMANYA AGASTONE 2024-08-27307 LAW

ARYASIIMA SHIDRAH 2024-08-27265 BSWASA

NUWAGIRA VIAN 2024-08 28315 BBA

AINEMBABAZI PEACE PENDING BBA

ASASIRE BRUCE 2024-08-28736 BBA

TUKAHEBWA DAPHINE 2024-08-29737 BBA

The development of computers is often categorized into "generations," which mark significant
technological advancements. Here's an overview of the first three generations of computers:

First Generation (1940s–1950s): Vacuum Tubes

Technology: Used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory.

Size: Large and consumed a lot of power, generating significant heat.

Input/Output: Punched cards and paper tape for input; printouts for output.

Programming: Machine language (binary) and assembly language.

Examples: ENIAC, UNIVAC, IBM 701.

Characteristics:

 Bulky, expensive, and consumed a lot of electricity.

 Very slow and limited in function.

 Mainly used in scientific and military applications.

Advantages

 Speed: they were faster than previous mechanical devices

 Automation: enable complex calculation and processes to be automated

 Pioneering technology: introduced concepts like stored programs and electronic circuits.

Disadvantages

 Size: extremely large and bulky often filled entire rooms.


 Heart production: generated a lot of heat, requiring significant cooling.

 Reliability: prone to frequent malfunctions due to vacuum tubes.

 Programming difficulty: used machine language, making programming complex and time-
consuming

Second Generation (1950s–1960s): Transistors

 Technology: Used transistors instead of vacuum tubes, making computers smaller, faster, and
more efficient.

 Size: Significantly smaller and more reliable than first-generation computers.

 Memory: Magnetic cores were used for memory, and magnetic tape and disks for storage.

 Programming: Assembly language and early versions of high-level languages like FORTRAN and
COBOL.

Examples: IBM 7090, UNIVAC 1108, IBM 1401.

Characteristics:

Reduced size and cost, faster performance.

More reliable, with fewer power and cooling issues. Overused in business, scientific research, and
governmental operations.

Advantages

 Transistors: replaced vacuum tubes, leading to smaller, more efficient, and more reliable
machines

 Increased speed: improved processing speed compare to first generation computers.

 Better cooling: reduced heat generation and improve all performance.

 High level programming improves of languages like COBOL and FORTRAN made programming
easier.

Disadvantages
 storage cheaper: memory smaller than first-generation machines, they were still quite large
compared to modern computers

 Cost: transistors were than vacuum tubes, but initial costs were still high

 Limited storage: memory was still relatively small compared to what is available today

Third Generation (1960s–1970s): Integrated Circuits (ICs)

Technology: Utilized integrated circuits, where many transistors were placed on a single chip, increasing
efficiency and reducing size.

Size: Computers became even smaller and more powerful, allowing for greater functionality.

Memory: Used semiconductor memory Programming: High-level programming languages like COBOL,
FORTRAN, and newly introduced languages like BASIC.

Examples: IBM System/360, PDP-8, Honeywell 6000 series.

Characteristics:

 Dramatically reduced size, power consumption, and cost.

 Increased processing power and reliability.

 Introduction of operating systems to manage hardware and software.

Advantages

 Integrated circuits: use of integrated circuits reduced size and cost

 Enhanced speed: faster in processing instructions.

Reference

1. Goel, A. (2010). computer fundamentals. Person education. This book provides a detailed
overview of computer generations, including third generation

2. Sinha. (2004).

3. Rajaraman. (2014)

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