Journal of Engineering Sciences Vol 14 Issue 04,2023

DEVELOPMENT OF CONGESTION LEVEL BAED DYNAMIC TRAFFIC

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USING IOT
1
N.Shruthi,2D.Indu,3A.Srilakshmi,4Mr.N Udayshankar Reddy
123
Student,4Assistant Professor
Department Of ECE
SVR Engineering College,Nandyal

ABSTRACT: mixture of both. MAS includes different types of

This project is designed and developed for communication protocols and sensors such as
density based traffic control system. The signal infrared sensors, Bluetooth, Zigbee, and RFID
timing increased or decreased on the basis of devices. The use of VANET for road traffic
detected traffic count. Traffic congestion is detection and control [1] is one of the methods
biggest problem in many major cities and high for traffic control. VANET technology includes
traffic places across the world and it has become vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication and
a nightmare for the commuters in these cities. roadside sensors. Since VANET has its own
The current system has fixed time given to each network, there is less congestion because the
side of junction which cannot be varied as per information flow is intelligently controlled and
varying traffic density. Junction timings allotted vehicles already have pre-installed software to
are fixed. When higher traffic density at which detect road information and traffic information
side then that side has longer green signal is is transmitted to the network. The use of cellular
allotted. The IR sensors are placed at the every 5 signals is a major breakthrough in road traffic
meters of road side which can sense the object management because they are available
i.e. vehicles in this order if 1sr sensor detect the everywhere [1]. The main work on vehicle
vehicle and other return 0 i.e. no detected then detection using cellular signals is related to dual
that distance is get counted as 5 meters. If 2nd and single handover. Due to the current
sensor detect then distance counted as 10 meters restrictions on the use of cell phones while
traffic density is there. By using this procedure driving, most cell phones are in idle mode while
we count the distance at which traffic is there. driving. The presence of a cell phone in idle
After calculating the distance of available mode can be detected when a location update is
vehicles we will came to know in which side the performed, i.e., when the cell phone moves from
distance is high based on which signals will be one location area to another. A cell phone in
allotted for a particular side. Arduino mega is traffic mode can be used to determine position in
used as a microcontroller which provides the two cases. The first case is when the cell
signal timing based on the traffic density. II. LITERATURE SURVEY
I.INTRODUCTION A public Street Lights & Electrical system in
Nowadays congestion in traffic is a serious remote city locations consumes a lot of energy
issue. The traffic congestion can also be caused due to the unavailability of control devices due
by large Red light delays. The delay of to the large setup cost. Presently most of street
respective light is hard coded in the traffic light lamps turn on the street lights in night and turns
and it is not dependent on traffic. So, a prototype off the street lights in day using LDR based
in which delay of signal lights is dependent on control system [3]. Street lamp or Electrical
traffic is needed. Internet of Things plays an systems still consumes a lot of electricity when
important role in this aspect. Sensors can be there are few vehicles around or no people in the
placed to collect traffic data with Arduino as office due to the lack of monitoring and
main microcontroller. There are few systems controlling based on the actual requirements [4].
exist in literature to effectively manage the For a wireless control monitoring system each
traffic. The multi-agent system proposed in [1] street light must be equipped with different types
(MAS) is a system that uses different devices to of sensors that are connected to a
acquire information and deliver messages. These microcontroller to monitor its environment with
agents can be either hardware, software, or a regards to its working needs like light intensity,

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Journal of Engineering Sciences Vol 14 Issue 04,2023

current capacity, voltage load and temperature "Uno" means one in Italian and is named to
which are collected and transferred by the means mark the upcoming release of Arduino 1.0. The
of radio frequency communication Uno and version 1.0 will be the reference
versions of Arduino, moving forward. The Uno
III.DESIGN OF HARDWARE is the latest in a series of USB Arduino boards,
and the reference model for the Arduino
This chapter briefly explains about the platform; for a comparison with previous
Hardware. It discuss the circuit diagram of each versions, see the index of Arduino boards.
module in detail.

ARDUINO UNO

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller

board based on the ATmega328 (datasheet). It
has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can
be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16
MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a
power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. Fig: ARDUINO UNO
It contains everything needed to support the
microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer
with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC POWER SUPPLY:
adapter or battery to get started. The power supplies are designed to
convert high voltage AC mains electricity to a
The Uno differs from all preceding suitable low voltage supply for electronic circuits
boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to- and other devices. A power supply can by broken
serial driver chip. Instead, it features the down into a series of blocks, each of which
Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to version R2) performs a particular function. A d.c power supply
programmed as a USB-to-serial converter. Uno which maintains the output voltage constant
board has a resistor pulling the 8U2 HWB line to irrespective of a.c mains fluctuations or load
ground, making it easier to put into DFU mode. variations is known as “Regulated D.C Power
Arduino board has the following new features: Supply”.

• 1.0 pin out: added SDA and SCL pins

that are near to the AREF pin and two other new
pins placed near to the RESET pin, the IOREF
that allow the shields to adapt to the voltage
provided from the board. In future, shields will
be compatible both with the board that use the
AVR, which operate with 5V and with the
Arduino Due that operate with 3.3V. The second
one is a not connected pin, that is reserved for
future purposes. Fig: Block Diagram of Power Supply

• Stronger RESET circuit. LCD DISPLAY

A model described here is for its low
• Atmega 16U2 replace the 8U2. price and great possibilities most frequently used
in practice. It is based on the HD44780
microcontroller (Hitachi) and can display

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Journal of Engineering Sciences Vol 14 Issue 04,2023

messages in two lines with 16 characters each. It documentation on the chip and the commands it
displays all the alphabets, Greek letters, accepted.[2] The very low price and the fact that
punctuation marks, mathematical symbols etc. In there were very few external components on the
addition, it is possible to display symbols that module which suggested that it could eventually
user makes up on its own. Automatic shifting be very inexpensive in volume, attracted many
message on display (shift left and right), hackers to explore the module, chip, and the
appearance of the pointer, backlight etc. are software on it, as well as to translate the Chinese
considered as useful characteristics. documentation.[3]

The ESP8285 is an ESP8266 with 1 MiB of

built-in flash, allowing for single-chip devices
capable of connecting to Wi-Fi.[4]

The successor to these microcontroller chips is

the ESP32.
Fig: LCD
BUZZER
Digital systems and microcontroller pins
lack sufficient current to drive the circuits like
relays, buzzer circuits etc. While these circuits
require around 10milli amps to be operated, the
microcontroller’s pin can provide a maximum of
1-2milli amps current. For this reason, a driver
such as a power transistor is placed in between LED:
the microcontroller and the buzzer circuit. A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-
lead semiconductor light source. It is a p–n
junction diode that emits light when
activated.[5] When a suitable voltage is applied to
the leads, electrons are able to recombine
with electron holes within the device, releasing
energy in the form of photons.
This effect is
called electroluminescence, and the color of the
light (corresponding to the energy of the photon)
WIFI MODULE:
is determined by the energy band gap of the
semiconductor. LEDs are typically small (less
The ESP8266 is a low-cost Wi-Fi microchip
than 1 mm2) and integrated optical components
with full TCP/IP
may be used to shape the radiation pattern.
stack and microcontroller capability produced by
Shanghai-based Chinese manufacturer, Espressif
Systems.[1]

The chip first came to the attention of

western makers in August 2014 with the ESP-
01 module, made by a third-party manufacturer,
Ai-Thinker. This small module allows
microcontrollers to connect to a Wi-Fi network
and make simple TCP/IP connections
using Hayes-style commands. However, at the
time there was almost no English-language

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Journal of Engineering Sciences Vol 14 Issue 04,2023

Early LEDs were often used as indicator some other light emissions could contains
lamps for electronic devices, replacing small infrared as well, and that can interfere in this
incandescent bulbs. They were soon packaged communication. The sun is an example, since it
into numeric readouts in the form of seven- emits a wide spectrum or radiation.
segment displays and were commonly seen in
digital clocks. Recent developments have The adventure of using lots of infra-red in
produced LEDs suitable for environmental and TV/VCR remote controls and other applications,
task lighting. LEDs have led to new displays and brought infra-red diodes (emitter and receivers)
sensors, while their high switching rates are at very low cost at the market.
useful in advanced communications technology. From now on you should think as infrared as
just a "red" light. This light can means
LEDs have many advantages over something to the receiver, the "on or off"
incandescent light sources, including lower radiation can transmit different meanings.Lots of
energy consumption, longer lifetime, improved things can generate infrared, anything that
physical robustness, smaller size, and faster radiate heat do it, including out body, lamps,
switching. Light-emitting diodes are used in stove, oven, friction your hands together, even
applications as diverse as aviation the hot water at the faucet.
lighting, automotive headlamps, IV.BLOCK DIAGRAM
advertising, general lighting, traffic signals,
camera flashes, and lighted wallpaper. They are
also significantly more energy efficient and,
arguably, have fewer environmental concerns
linked to their disposal.
IR SENSOR

Infrared is a energy radiation with a frequency

below our eyes sensitivity, so we cannot see it
Even that we can not "see" sound frequencies,
we know that it exist, we can listen them.
V.CONCLUSION
This IOT based device surveillance and control
system is exclusively used to keep surveillance
on the electrical devices working condition and
also to control the on/off functionality from a
central remote location. The designed system
Even that we can not see or hear infrared, we works efficiently for both indoor and outdoor
can feel it at our skin temperature sensors. lighting. On the one hand it improves efficiency
When you approach your hand to fire or warm of the system by sending alert signal in case of
element, you will "feel" the heat, but you can't any defect and on the other hand it drastically
see it. You can see the fire because it emits other reduces the electric energy consumption by
types of radiation, visible to your eyes, but it providing central control over the appliances.
also emits lots of infrared that you can only feel The graphical App based mobile controlling
in your skin. gives a user friendly and easily accessible
platform to the user. This system can be installed
INFRARED IN ELECTRONICS as energy.
REFERENCES:
Infra-Red is interesting, because it is easily [1] Ahn, W.C., Ramakrishna, R.S., 2002.
generated and doesn't suffer electromagnetic “Genetic Algorithm for Shortest Path Routing
interference, so it is nicely used to Problem and the Sizing of Populations.” In IEEE
communication and control, but it is not perfect,

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Journal of Engineering Sciences Vol 14 Issue 04,2023

Transactions on Evolutionary Computation.

6(6), pp. 566-579.
[2] Bellman, R.E., 1957. “Dynamic
Programming.” Princeton University Press,
Princeton, NJ.
[3] Bertsekas, D.P., Tsitsiklis, J.J., 1991. “An
Analysis of Stochastic Shortest Path Problems.”
[4] In Mathematics of Operations Research.
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[5] Bertsimas D.J. and Van Ryzin G., 1991. “A
Stochastic and Dynamic Vehicle Routing
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[6] Bonet, B., Geffner, H., 2002. “Solving
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[7] Chinneck, W., 2010. “Practical
Optimization: A Gentle Introduction.” Carleton
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[8] Chitra, C., Subbaraj. C., 2010. “A
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[9] Dear, M., Fulton, W., Wolch, J., 2001.
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[10] Frank, H., 2009. “Shortest Paths in
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[11] Gendreau, M., Guertin, F., Potvin, J.Y.,
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