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Review of Anaphy of Cardiovascular System

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Jireh Dominguez Sapnu
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13 views2 pages

Review of Anaphy of Cardiovascular System

Uploaded by

Jireh Dominguez Sapnu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING 1 – LECTURE NRCM0112

REVIEW OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM


STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR HEART VALVES
SYSTEM 2 TYPES
1. Atrioventricular (AV) valves – separate atria from the
ventricles
a. Tricuspid valves – contains 3 cusps or leaflets,
located between the right atrium and ventricle.
b. Mitral Valve (bicuspid valve)
2. Semilunar Valves – located between each ventricle
and corresponding artery
a. Pulmonic Valves – located between the right
ventricle and pulmonary artery
b. Aortic Valves – located between the left ventricle
and the aorta
CYCLE
Vena Cava → Tricuspid Valve → Right Atrium → Pulmonic
Valve → Pulmonary Artery → Lungs → Alveoli → Oxygen
➢ DEOXYGENATED BLOOD → LUNGS → OXYGENATED
→ Pulmonary Veins → Left Atrium → Mitral Valve → Left
BLOOD → HEART
Ventricle → Aortic Valve → Aorta → Body (Arteries →
➢ Highly Vascularized – Left Ventricles
Capillaries → Veins) → Vena Cava
➢ Right CHF – edema
➢ Left CHF – Dyspnea ANEURYSM
➢ “Lub” – closure of AV valves ➢ Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)
➢ “Dub” – closure of semilunar valves ➢ Right → Pumps to Lungs
➢ Left → to Body
HEART
➢ Atrium → top
➢ Size of a clenched fist
➢ Ventricle → bottom
➢ A hollow muscular organ, lies in the mediastinum and
rest on the diaphragm CARDIAC CONDUCTION SYSTEM
➢ 20-30 ml Sinoatrial (SA) node (heartbeat begins, natural
- serous fluid in the space between the pericardial pacemaker)
layers ↓
- This protects the heart from trauma Atrioventricular (AV) node
↓
PERICARDIUM
Bundle of His
➢ A thin, membranous sac that has a visceral layer in
↓
contact with the heart and an outer parietal layer.
Bundle Branches
3 LAYERS OF THE HEART
↓
➢ Epicardium – thin, serous outer layer
Purkinje Fibers
➢ Myocardium – thick mucosal middle layer
➢ Endocardium – smooth inner layer that comes in
contact with blood.
HEART CHAMBERS
➢ Right Atrium – receives systemic blood venous the
through superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and
coronary sinus (unoxygenated blood)
➢ Right Ventricle – receives blood from the right atrium
through the tricuspid during valve ventricular diastole
(relax)
➢ Left Atrium – receives Oxygenated blood returning to
the heart from the lungs through pulmonary veins.
➢ Left Ventricle (high pressure chamber) – receives
blood from the left atrium through the mitral during
valve ventricular diastole.

1
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM ➢ The Middle Cerebral Arteries are branches of the
➢ The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and a carotid arteries that feed the lateral portion of the
vast of network of arteries and veins, working brain with oxygen-rich blood These arteries are a
together to deliver oxygen-rich blood to the body and common site for stroke.
oxygen-poor blood to the lungs
➢ The Saphenous Vein is commonly Used as a bypass
vessel in Coronary artery bypass operation, or CABG.
The vein is removed from the leg, divided into the
correct length and attached above and below the
blockage to create a detour for blood flow to the
heart
➢ The Femoral Arteries deliver blood to the leg. When
catheter-based procedures are performed, the
catheter is often inserted into the femoral artery in
the upper thigh region and guided to the heart
➢ The Iliac Arteries channel blood to the pelvis and the
lower extremities. A blockage in these arteries, or
their branches, can cause pain during walking, a
condition called claudication (blockage, pain in the
lower extremities).
➢ The Renal Arteries supply blood to the kidneys. High
blood pressure in these arteries can damage the
kidneys, impairing their ability to function
➢ The Descending Aorta is the section of aorta that
descends down from the heart. There are two
sections: the thoracic aorta, in the chest, and the
abdominal aorta, located in the area of the stomach.
If the walls of the aorta is weakened, they may bulge
outward, a dangerous Condition called an aneurysm.
➢ The Coronary Arteries branch of the aorta and supply
blood to the heart Blockage in these arteries can
weaken the heart muscle or result in a heart attack
➢ The Mammary Arteries, which supply blood lo the
chest, are sometimes Used in bypass surgery, A
segment of an artery is attached below the blockage,
creating a bypass around the blockage
➢ The Ascending Aorta ls the portion of the aorta that
rises from the heart and begins to form a "u". This "U"
is called the aortic arch.
➢ The Vena Cava consist of the Inferior Vena Cava and
the Superior Vena Cava. As the body's main veins, the
vena carries empty oxygen-poor blood into the right
side of the heart to be pumped to the lungs.
➢ The Subclavian Arteries supply the Upper chest and
arms with blood
➢ The Carotid Arteries supply the brain with oxygen-
rich blood. Plaque buildup in these arteries can
obstruct blood flow and increase the risk of ischemic
stroke
➢ The Jugular Veins transport oxygen-poor blood from
the brain to the heart to pick up fresh oxygen.

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