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"<a
href=\"https://colab.research.google.com/github/CienciaDatosUdea/002_EstudiantesApr
endizajeEstadistico/blob/main/semestre2024-2/Sesiones/Sesion_01b_pandas_V1.ipynb\"
target=\"_parent\"><img src=\"https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-
badge.svg\" alt=\"Open In Colab\"/></a>\n",
"\n",
"\n"
],
"metadata": {
"id": "NsRH0Q4Yqn_D"
}
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"id": "mO08F9Bh2fU6"
},
"source": [
"# Construyendo Data Frame desde diccionarios y cargando datos del un data
frame\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"metadata": {
"id": "aU4aSvHu56Hw"
},
"source": [
"import numpy as np\n",
"import pandas as pd\n",
"import os\n",
"import matplotlib.pylab as plt\n",
"import seaborn as sns"
],
"execution_count": 2,
"outputs": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"metadata": {
 "id": "NO59NdYu2W1z"
},
"source": [
"x = np.linspace(0, 10, 10)\n",
"y = np.linspace(0, 10, 10)\n",
"\n",
"d = {\"x\": x, \"y\": y}"
],
"execution_count": 3,
"outputs": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"metadata": {
"id": "hYctW3-G6OzD"
},
"source": [
"df = pd.DataFrame(d)"
],
"execution_count": 4,
"outputs": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"metadata": {
"colab": {
"base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
"height": 385
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"id": "YCtY7mjr6QTA",
"outputId": "07287fee-303b-42e4-ac41-10c61fce3ee1"
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"source": [
"df.y"
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"execution_count": 5,
"outputs": [
{
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{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"source": [
"# Metodos para leer un data frame.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"| Método de lectura | Explicación |\n",
"| --- | --- |\n",
"| `read_csv` | Lee un archivo CSV (valores separados por comas) y lo
convierte en un DataFrame. |\n",
"| `read_excel` | Lee un archivo Excel y lo convierte en un DataFrame. |\
n",
"| `read_sql` | Lee una consulta SQL y la ejecuta en una base de datos,
devolviendo el resultado como un DataFrame. |\n",
"| `read_json` | Lee un archivo JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) y lo
convierte en un DataFrame. |\n",
"| `read_html` | Lee todas las tablas HTML contenidas en una página web o
en un archivo HTML y las convierte en una lista de DataFrames. |\n",
"| `read_parquet` | Lee un archivo Parquet, un formato binario para
almacenar datos tabulares, y lo convierte en un DataFrame. |\n",
"| `read_feather` | Lee un archivo Feather, un formato binario para
almacenar datos tabulares, y lo convierte en un DataFrame. |\n",
"| `read_hdf` | Lee un archivo HDF5 (Hierarchical Data Format), un formato
para almacenar datos científicos, y lo convierte en un DataFrame. |\n",
"| `read_clipboard` | Lee el contenido del portapapeles y lo convierte en
un DataFrame. |\n"
],
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{
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"outputId": "11ba0fb6-2467-4abc-a6e4-017638f6f458"
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"source": [
"path = os.getcwd()\n",
"# https://www.kaggle.com/gpreda/covid-world-vaccination-progress?
select=country_vaccinations\n",
"#df = pd.read_excel(f\"{path}/datasets/country_vaccinations.xlsx\")\n",
"# https://www.kaggle.com/gpreda/covid-world-vaccination-progress?
select=country_vaccinations\n",
"path =
\"https://github.com/hernansalinas/Curso_aprendizaje_estadistico/blob/main/
datasets/sesion_01b_country_vaccinations.xlsx?raw=true\"\n",
 "df = pd.read_excel(f\"{path}\")\n",
"df"
],
"execution_count": 6,
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "execute_result",
"data": {
"text/plain": [
" country iso_code date total_vaccinations
people_vaccinated \\\n",
"0 Afghanistan AFG 2021-02-22 0.0
0.0 \n",
"1 Afghanistan AFG 2021-02-23 NaN
NaN \n",
"2 Afghanistan AFG 2021-02-24 NaN
NaN \n",
"3 Afghanistan AFG 2021-02-25 NaN
NaN \n",
"4 Afghanistan AFG 2021-02-26 NaN
NaN \n",
"... ... ... ... ...
... \n",
"9571 Zimbabwe ZWE 2021-03-29 81610.0
69751.0 \n",
"9572 Zimbabwe ZWE 2021-03-30 85866.0
72944.0 \n",
"9573 Zimbabwe ZWE 2021-03-31 91880.0
76995.0 \n",
"9574 Zimbabwe ZWE 2021-04-01 105307.0
87791.0 \n",
"9575 Zimbabwe ZWE 2021-04-02 124753.0
103815.0 \n",
"\n",
" people_fully_vaccinated daily_vaccinations_raw
daily_vaccinations \\\n",
"0 NaN NaN
NaN \n",
"1 NaN NaN
1367.0 \n",
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1367.0 \n",
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1367.0 \n",
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"9575 20938.0 19446.0
8156.0 \n",
"\n",
 " total_vaccinations_per_hundred
people_vaccinated_per_hundred \\\n",
"0 0.0
0.0 \n",
"1 NaN
NaN \n",
"2 NaN
NaN \n",
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NaN \n",
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"... ... ... \n",

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daily_vaccinations_per_million \\\n",
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NaN \n",
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"\n",
" vaccines source_name \\\n",
"0 Oxford/AstraZeneca Government of Afghanistan \n",
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"2 Oxford/AstraZeneca Government of Afghanistan \n",
"3 Oxford/AstraZeneca Government of Afghanistan \n",
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 "9573 Sinopharm/Beijing Ministry of Health \n",
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" width: 32px;\n",
 " }\n",
"\n",
" .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
" background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
" box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px
rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
" fill: #174EA6;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
" margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
" background-color: #3B4455;\n",
" fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
" background-color: #434B5C;\n",
" box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
" filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
" fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
" }\n",
" </style>\n",
"\n",
" <script>\n",
" const buttonEl =\n",
" document.querySelector('#df-9ee6ab7f-fe65-43bd-93e4-
e4467f458f75 button.colab-df-convert');\n",
" buttonEl.style.display =\n",
" google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
"\n",
" async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
" const element = document.querySelector('#df-9ee6ab7f-fe65-
43bd-93e4-e4467f458f75');\n",
" const dataTable =\n",
" await
google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
" [key], {});\n",
" if (!dataTable) return;\n",
"\n",
" const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
" '<a target=\"_blank\"
href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table
notebook</a>'\n",
" + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
" element.innerHTML = '';\n",
" dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
" await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\
n",
" const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
" docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
" element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
" }\n",
" </script>\n",
" </div>\n",
"\n",
"\n",
 "<div id=\"df-7d937a0c-64a6-43b6-9704-24abc7d206e0\">\n",
" <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-
7d937a0c-64a6-43b6-9704-24abc7d206e0')\"\n",
" title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
" style=\"display:none;\">\n",
"\n",
"<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0
0 24 24\"\n",
" width=\"24px\">\n",
" <g>\n",
" <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0
2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
" </g>\n",
"</svg>\n",
" </button>\n",
"\n",
"<style>\n",
" .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
" --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
" --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
" --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
" --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
" --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
" --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
" --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
" --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
" --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
" --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
" --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
" --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
" background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
" border: none;\n",
" border-radius: 50%;\n",
" cursor: pointer;\n",
" display: none;\n",
" fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
" height: 32px;\n",
" padding: 0;\n",
" width: 32px;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
" background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
" box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px
rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
" fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
" .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
" background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
" fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
" box-shadow: none;\n",
 " }\n",
"\n",
" .colab-df-spinner {\n",
" border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
" border-color: transparent;\n",
" border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" animation:\n",
" spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" @keyframes spin {\n",
" 0% {\n",
" border-color: transparent;\n",
" border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" }\n",
" 20% {\n",
" border-color: transparent;\n",
" border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" }\n",
" 30% {\n",
" border-color: transparent;\n",
" border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" }\n",
" 40% {\n",
" border-color: transparent;\n",
" border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" }\n",
" 60% {\n",
" border-color: transparent;\n",
" border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" }\n",
" 80% {\n",
" border-color: transparent;\n",
" border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" }\n",
" 90% {\n",
" border-color: transparent;\n",
" border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" }\n",
" }\n",
"</style>\n",
"\n",
" <script>\n",
" async function quickchart(key) {\n",
" const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
" document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
" quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true; // To prevent multiple
clicks.\n",
" quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
" try {\n",
" const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
" 'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
" } catch (error) {\n",
 " console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:',
error);\n",
" }\n",
" quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
" quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-
complete');\n",
" }\n",
" (() => {\n",
" let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
" document.querySelector('#df-7d937a0c-64a6-43b6-9704-
24abc7d206e0 button');\n",
" quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
" google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
" })();\n",
" </script>\n",
"</div>\n",
"\n",
" <div id=\"id_4d7d7837-f4eb-4894-9e7a-9778ece4e84e\">\n",
" <style>\n",
" .colab-df-generate {\n",
" background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
" border: none;\n",
" border-radius: 50%;\n",
" cursor: pointer;\n",
" display: none;\n",
" fill: #1967D2;\n",
" height: 32px;\n",
" padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
" width: 32px;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .colab-df-generate:hover {\n",
" background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
" box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px
1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
" fill: #174EA6;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" [theme=dark] .colab-df-generate {\n",
" background-color: #3B4455;\n",
" fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" [theme=dark] .colab-df-generate:hover {\n",
" background-color: #434B5C;\n",
" box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
" filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
" fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
" }\n",
" </style>\n",
" <button class=\"colab-df-generate\"
onclick=\"generateWithVariable('df')\"\n",
" title=\"Generate code using this dataframe.\"\n",
" style=\"display:none;\">\n",
"\n",
" <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\"
height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
" width=\"24px\">\n",
 " <path
d=\"M7,19H8.4L18.45,9,17,7.55,7,17.6ZM5,21V16.75L18.45,3.32a2,2,0,0,1,2.83,0l1.4,1.
43a1.91,1.91,0,0,1,.58,1.4,1.91,1.91,0,0,1-.58,1.4L9.25,21ZM18.45,9,17,7.55Zm-
12,3A5.31,5.31,0,0,0,4.9,8.1,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,1,6.5,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,4.9,4.9,5.31,5.3
1,0,0,0,6.5,1,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,8.1,4.9,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,12,6.5,5.46,5.46,0,0,0,6.5,12
Z\"/>\n",
" </svg>\n",
" </button>\n",
" <script>\n",
" (() => {\n",
" const buttonEl =\n",
" document.querySelector('#id_4d7d7837-f4eb-4894-9e7a-
9778ece4e84e button.colab-df-generate');\n",
" buttonEl.style.display =\n",
" google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
"\n",
" buttonEl.onclick = () => {\n",
" google.colab.notebook.generateWithVariable('df');\n",
" }\n",
" })();\n",
" </script>\n",
" </div>\n",
"\n",
" </div>\n",
" </div>\n"
],
"application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
"type": "dataframe",
"variable_name": "df",
"summary": "{\n \"name\": \"df\",\n \"rows\": 9576,\n \"fields\":
[\n {\n \"column\": \"country\",\n \"properties\": {\
n \"dtype\": \"category\",\n \"num_unique_values\": 166,\
n \"samples\": [\n \"Montenegro\",\n \"Serbia\",\n
\"Kazakhstan\"\n ],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\
n \"description\": \"\"\n }\n },\n {\
n \"column\": \"iso_code\",\n \"properties\": {\
n \"dtype\": \"category\",\n \"num_unique_values\": 166,\
n \"samples\": [\n \"MNE\",\n \"SRB\",\n \"KAZ\"\
n ],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n \"description\": \"\"\n
}\n },\n {\n \"column\": \"date\",\n \"properties\": {\
n \"dtype\": \"date\",\n \"min\": \"2020-12-13 00:00:00\",\
n \"max\": \"2021-04-03 00:00:00\",\n \"num_unique_values\": 112,\n
\"samples\": [\n \"2021-01-27 00:00:00\",\n \"2021-02-21
00:00:00\",\n \"2021-02-26 00:00:00\"\n ],\
n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n \"description\": \"\"\n }\n },\n
{\n \"column\": \"total_vaccinations\",\n \"properties\": {\
n \"dtype\": \"number\",\n \"std\": 11981539.240429074,\
n \"min\": 0.0,\n \"max\": 161688422.0,\
n \"num_unique_values\": 5556,\n \"samples\": [\n 100552.0,\
n 198026.0,\n 82516.0\n ],\
n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n \"description\": \"\"\n }\n },\n
{\n \"column\": \"people_vaccinated\",\n \"properties\": {\
n \"dtype\": \"number\",\n \"std\": 8122147.959825876,\
n \"min\": 0.0,\n \"max\": 104213478.0,\
n \"num_unique_values\": 4971,\n \"samples\": [\n 24366.0,\n
656178.0,\n 295663.0\n ],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n
\"description\": \"\"\n }\n },\n {\
n \"column\": \"people_fully_vaccinated\",\n \"properties\": {\
n \"dtype\": \"number\",\n \"std\": 4359236.298550242,\
n \"min\": 1.0,\n \"max\": 59858146.0,\
n \"num_unique_values\": 3428,\n \"samples\": [\n
3089332.0,\n 189524.0,\n 1031835.0\n ],\
n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n \"description\": \"\"\n }\n },\n
{\n \"column\": \"daily_vaccinations_raw\",\n \"properties\": {\
n \"dtype\": \"number\",\n \"std\": 402694.6517941312,\
n \"min\": 0.0,\n \"max\": 7185000.0,\n \"num_unique_values\":
4421,\n \"samples\": [\n 12967.0,\n 156144.0,\n
13664.0\n ],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\
n \"description\": \"\"\n }\n },\n {\
n \"column\": \"daily_vaccinations\",\n \"properties\": {\
n \"dtype\": \"number\",\n \"std\": 264546.8201143865,\
n \"min\": 0.0,\n \"max\": 5190143.0,\n \"num_unique_values\":
6460,\n \"samples\": [\n 1490.0,\n 21265.0,\n
1503.0\n ],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\
n \"description\": \"\"\n }\n },\n {\
n \"column\": \"total_vaccinations_per_hundred\",\n \"properties\": {\n
\"dtype\": \"category\",\n \"num_unique_values\": 2210,\
n \"samples\": [\n \"48.26\",\n \"35.26\",\
n \"9.26\"\n ],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\
n \"description\": \"\"\n }\n },\n {\
n \"column\": \"people_vaccinated_per_hundred\",\n \"properties\": {\n
\"dtype\": \"category\",\n \"num_unique_values\": 1821,\
n \"samples\": [\n \"24.16\",\n \"32.33\",\
n \"3.77\"\n ],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\
n \"description\": \"\"\n }\n },\n {\
n \"column\": \"people_fully_vaccinated_per_hundred\",\n \"properties\":
{\n \"dtype\": \"category\",\n \"num_unique_values\": 943,\
n \"samples\": [\n \"2.93\",\n \"1.32\",\
n \"8.72\"\n ],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\
n \"description\": \"\"\n }\n },\n {\
n \"column\": \"daily_vaccinations_per_million\",\n \"properties\": {\n
\"dtype\": \"number\",\n \"std\": 4994.852975299709,\n \"min\": 0.0,\
n \"max\": 118759.0,\n \"num_unique_values\": 4220,\
n \"samples\": [\n 1602.0,\n 204.0,\n 5593.0\n
],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n \"description\": \"\"\n }\
n },\n {\n \"column\": \"vaccines\",\n \"properties\": {\
n \"dtype\": \"category\",\n \"num_unique_values\": 27,\
n \"samples\": [\n \"Oxford/AstraZeneca, Pfizer/BioNTech,
Sinopharm/Beijing, Sputnik V\",\n \"Moderna, Pfizer/BioNTech\",\n
\"Oxford/AstraZeneca, Sinovac\"\n ],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n
\"description\": \"\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"column\": \"source_name\",\n
\"properties\": {\n \"dtype\": \"category\",\n \"num_unique_values\":
98,\n \"samples\": [\n \"Ministry of Health via ikon.mn\",\n
\"Government of Iran\",\n \"National Emergency Crisis and Disaster
Management Authority\"\n ],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\
n \"description\": \"\"\n }\n },\n {\
n \"column\": \"source_website\",\n \"properties\": {\n \"dtype\":
\"category\",\n \"num_unique_values\": 162,\n \"samples\": [\n
\"https://monitor.uruguaysevacuna.gub.uy/\",\n
\"https://twitter.com/NphcdaNG/status/1377639497970638857\",\n
\"https://www.facebook.com/MSaudeSTeP/photos/pcb.3764121173707955/3764120233708049\
"\n ],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n \"description\": \"\"\n
}\n }\n ]\n}"
}
},
"metadata": {},
"execution_count": 6
}
 ]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"source": [
"# Comandos básicos de de descripcion del data frame"
],
"metadata": {
"id": "m2UGGxukvMNj"
}
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"source": [
"\n",
"| Comando | Explicación |\n",
"| --- | --- |\n",
"| `df.head()` | Muestra las primeras cinco filas del DataFrame. Podemos
pasar un argumento numérico para especificar el número de filas que queremos ver.
|\n",
"| `df.tail()` | Muestra las últimas cinco filas del DataFrame. Podemos
pasar un argumento numérico para especificar el número de filas que queremos ver.
|\n",
"| `df.describe()` | Muestra un resumen estadístico del DataFrame,
incluyendo el número de observaciones, la media, la desviación estándar, el mínimo,
el máximo y los cuartiles de cada columna numérica. |\n",
"| `df.info()` | Muestra información sobre el DataFrame, incluyendo el
número de filas, el número de columnas, el nombre de las columnas, el tipo de datos
de cada columna, el número de valores no nulos y el uso de memoria. |\n",
"| `df.shape` | Devuelve una tupla con el número de filas y el número de
columnas del DataFrame. |\n",
"| `df.columns` | Devuelve un objeto que contiene los nombres de las
columnas del DataFrame. |\n",
"| `df.index` | Devuelve un objeto que contiene las etiquetas de las filas
del DataFrame. |\n",
"| `df.dtypes` | Devuelve un objeto que contiene el tipo de datos de cada
columna del DataFrame. |\n",
"| `df.memory_usage()` | Devuelve un objeto que contiene el uso de memoria
en bytes de cada columna del DataFrame. |\n"
],
"metadata": {
"id": "4F0kjmGnu-1E"
}
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"metadata": {
"colab": {
"base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
"height": 568
},
"id": "dVSqlOC7-key",
"outputId": "00772fe6-04bc-4b9d-9402-7bc1ac46e8b4"
},
"source": [
"df.memory_usage()"
],
"execution_count": 7,
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "execute_result",
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"Index 128\n",
"country 76608\n",
"iso_code 76608\n",
"date 76608\n",
"total_vaccinations 76608\n",
"people_vaccinated 76608\n",
"people_fully_vaccinated 76608\n",
"daily_vaccinations_raw 76608\n",
"daily_vaccinations 76608\n",
"total_vaccinations_per_hundred 76608\n",
"people_vaccinated_per_hundred 76608\n",
"people_fully_vaccinated_per_hundred 76608\n",
"daily_vaccinations_per_million 76608\n",
"vaccines 76608\n",
"source_name 76608\n",
"source_website 76608\n",
"dtype: int64"
],
"text/html": [
"<div>\n",
"<style scoped>\n",
" .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
" vertical-align: middle;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
" vertical-align: top;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .dataframe thead th {\n",
" text-align: right;\n",
" }\n",
"</style>\n",
"<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
" <thead>\n",
" <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
" <th></th>\n",
" <th>0</th>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" </thead>\n",
" <tbody>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>Index</th>\n",
" <td>128</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>country</th>\n",
" <td>76608</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>iso_code</th>\n",
" <td>76608</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>date</th>\n",
 " <td>76608</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>total_vaccinations</th>\n",
" <td>76608</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>people_vaccinated</th>\n",
" <td>76608</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>people_fully_vaccinated</th>\n",
" <td>76608</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>daily_vaccinations_raw</th>\n",
" <td>76608</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>daily_vaccinations</th>\n",
" <td>76608</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>total_vaccinations_per_hundred</th>\n",
" <td>76608</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>people_vaccinated_per_hundred</th>\n",
" <td>76608</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>people_fully_vaccinated_per_hundred</th>\n",
" <td>76608</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>daily_vaccinations_per_million</th>\n",
" <td>76608</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>vaccines</th>\n",
" <td>76608</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>source_name</th>\n",
" <td>76608</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>source_website</th>\n",
" <td>76608</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" </tbody>\n",
"</table>\n",
"</div><br><label><b>dtype:</b> int64</label>"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"execution_count": 7
}
]
 },
{
"cell_type": "code",
"metadata": {
"colab": {
"base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
"height": 411
},
"id": "juFHDrhT-m5j",
"outputId": "9f84de0a-8d64-47b8-9793-3b8483c4cdc2"
},
"source": [
"# https://www.kaggle.com/sakhawat18/asteroid-dataset\n",
"# https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_query.html\n",
"df =
pd.read_csv(f\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/hernansalinas/Curso_aprendizaje_es
tadistico/main/datasets/sesion_01b_dataset.csv\")\n",
"df"
],
"execution_count": 8,
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "execute_result",
"data": {
"text/plain": [
" Temperature (K) Luminosity(L/Lo) Radius(R/Ro) Absolute
magnitude(Mv) \\\n",
"0 3068 0.002400 0.1700
16.12 \n",
"1 3042 0.000500 0.1542
16.60 \n",
"2 2600 0.000300 0.1020
18.70 \n",
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"metadata": {},
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},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"id": "KsZoK3jYAzSv"
},
"source": [
"Lectura de un dataset ubicado en el drive"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"metadata": {
"colab": {
"base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
"height": 411
},
"id": "Q0LnL4yC-tlB",
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"source": [
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pub?output=csv\"\n",
"df = pd.read_csv(url)\n",
"df"
],
"execution_count": 9,
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "execute_result",
"data": {
"text/plain": [
" location date vaccine
total_vaccinations\n",
"0 Austria 2021-01-08 Johnson&Johnson
0\n",
"1 Austria 2021-01-08 Moderna
0\n",
"2 Austria 2021-01-08 Oxford/AstraZeneca
0\n",
"3 Austria 2021-01-08 Pfizer/BioNTech
31284\n",
"4 Austria 2021-01-15 Johnson&Johnson
0\n",
"... ... ... ...
...\n",
"21892 European Union 2021-11-20 Oxford/AstraZeneca
67212673\n",
"21893 European Union 2021-11-20 Pfizer/BioNTech
438725101\n",
"21894 European Union 2021-11-20 Sinopharm/Beijing
2157500\n",
"21895 European Union 2021-11-20 Sinovac
9\n",
"21896 European Union 2021-11-20 Sputnik V
1845062\n",
"\n",
"[21897 rows x 4 columns]"
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" <td>0</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>1</th>\n",
" <td>Austria</td>\n",
" <td>2021-01-08</td>\n",
" <td>Moderna</td>\n",
" <td>0</td>\n",
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" <tr>\n",
" <th>2</th>\n",
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" <td>2021-01-08</td>\n",
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" <tr>\n",
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" <td>...</td>\n",
" <td>...</td>\n",
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" <td>2021-11-20</td>\n",
" <td>Oxford/AstraZeneca</td>\n",
" <td>67212673</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>21893</th>\n",
" <td>European Union</td>\n",
" <td>2021-11-20</td>\n",
" <td>Pfizer/BioNTech</td>\n",
" <td>438725101</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>21894</th>\n",
" <td>European Union</td>\n",
" <td>2021-11-20</td>\n",
" <td>Sinopharm/Beijing</td>\n",
" <td>2157500</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>21895</th>\n",
" <td>European Union</td>\n",
" <td>2021-11-20</td>\n",
 " <td>Sinovac</td>\n",
" <td>9</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>21896</th>\n",
" <td>European Union</td>\n",
" <td>2021-11-20</td>\n",
" <td>Sputnik V</td>\n",
" <td>1845062</td>\n",
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"type": "dataframe",
"variable_name": "df",
"summary": "{\n \"name\": \"df\",\n \"rows\": 21897,\n \"fields\":
[\n {\n \"column\": \"location\",\n \"properties\": {\
n \"dtype\": \"category\",\n \"num_unique_values\": 39,\
n \"samples\": [\n \"Sweden\",\n \"United States\",\n
\"Croatia\"\n ],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n \"description\":
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n \"dtype\": \"object\",\n \"num_unique_values\": 344,\
n \"samples\": [\n \"2021-06-13\",\n \"2021-05-01\",\n
\"2021-07-19\"\n ],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\
n \"description\": \"\"\n }\n },\n {\
n \"column\": \"vaccine\",\n \"properties\": {\
n \"dtype\": \"category\",\n \"num_unique_values\": 8,\
n \"samples\": [\n \"Moderna\",\n \"CanSino\",\
n \"Johnson&Johnson\"\n ],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n
\"description\": \"\"\n }\n },\n {\
n \"column\": \"total_vaccinations\",\n \"properties\": {\
n \"dtype\": \"number\",\n \"std\": 40781461,\n \"min\": 0,\n
\"max\": 438725101,\n \"num_unique_values\": 18777,\n \"samples\": [\
n 1878362,\n 191742,\n 26177\n ],\
n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n \"description\": \"\"\n }\n }\n
]\n}"
}
},
"metadata": {},
"execution_count": 9
}
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"id": "m4_dXXZQH_hY"
},
"source": [
"Asignacion a la columna index la columna date"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"metadata": {
"id": "WNs47UiYAVwZ"
},
 "source": [
"df = pd.read_csv(url, index_col=\"date\")\n",
"df.index = pd.to_datetime(df.index) # Pasar a date time"
],
"execution_count": 10,
"outputs": []
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"id": "lCikUuRTIOYO"
},
"source": [
"Renombrar columnas"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"metadata": {
"colab": {
"base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
"height": 442
},
"id": "jkWwczhTCK2R",
"outputId": "a6dbaeac-5f47-43ee-a9c7-2d709b37bf9a"
},
"source": [
"df1 = df.rename(columns={\"location\": \"Location\",\n",
" \"vaccine\":\" Vaccine \",\n",
" \"total_vaccinations\":\"Total
Vaccinations\"} ).copy() #inplace=True\n",
"df1\n",
"#Note el espacio en Vaccine"
],
"execution_count": 12,
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "execute_result",
"data": {
"text/plain": [
" Location Vaccine Total Vaccinations\
n",
"date \
n",
"2021-01-08 Austria Johnson&Johnson 0\
n",
"2021-01-08 Austria Moderna 0\
n",
"2021-01-08 Austria Oxford/AstraZeneca 0\
n",
"2021-01-08 Austria Pfizer/BioNTech 31284\
n",
"2021-01-15 Austria Johnson&Johnson 0\
n",
"... ... ... ...\
n",
"2021-11-20 European Union Oxford/AstraZeneca 67212673\
n",
"2021-11-20 European Union Pfizer/BioNTech 438725101\
n",
"2021-11-20 European Union Sinopharm/Beijing 2157500\
n",
"2021-11-20 European Union Sinovac 9\
n",
"2021-11-20 European Union Sputnik V 1845062\
n",
"\n",
"[21897 rows x 3 columns]"
],
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"summary": "{\n \"name\": \"df1\",\n \"rows\": 21897,\
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}
},
"metadata": {},
"execution_count": 12
}
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"source": [
"Inicializando el indice a valores enteros"
],
"metadata": {
"id": "S6zjum3qx0qM"
}
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"source": [
"new_df = df1.reset_index()\n",
"new_df"
],
"metadata": {
"colab": {
"base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
"height": 411
},
"id": "4ukk9gsSxpu7",
"outputId": "bb67799f-3f6d-4cb4-b642-6b67e01d74f4"
},
"execution_count": 13,
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "execute_result",
"data": {
"text/plain": [
" date Location Vaccine Total
Vaccinations\n",
 "0 2021-01-08 Austria Johnson&Johnson
0\n",
"1 2021-01-08 Austria Moderna
0\n",
"2 2021-01-08 Austria Oxford/AstraZeneca
0\n",
"3 2021-01-08 Austria Pfizer/BioNTech
31284\n",
"4 2021-01-15 Austria Johnson&Johnson
0\n",
"... ... ... ...
...\n",
"21892 2021-11-20 European Union Oxford/AstraZeneca
67212673\n",
"21893 2021-11-20 European Union Pfizer/BioNTech
438725101\n",
"21894 2021-11-20 European Union Sinopharm/Beijing
2157500\n",
"21895 2021-11-20 European Union Sinovac
9\n",
"21896 2021-11-20 European Union Sputnik V
1845062\n",
"\n",
"[21897 rows x 4 columns]"
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"type": "dataframe",
"variable_name": "new_df",
"summary": "{\n \"name\": \"new_df\",\n \"rows\": 21897,\
n \"fields\": [\n {\n \"column\": \"date\",\n \"properties\": {\n
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n \"properties\": {\n \"dtype\": \"category\",\
n \"num_unique_values\": 8,\n \"samples\": [\n \"Moderna\",\
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}
},
"metadata": {},
"execution_count": 13
}
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"id": "ofqn2YCJIYJU"
},
"source": [
"Convirtiendo a minusculas todas las columnas"
]
},
{
 "cell_type": "code",
"source": [
"df1.columns"
],
"metadata": {
"colab": {
"base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
},
"id": "A8_xwQf-xF28",
"outputId": "f8c640ec-93e8-4ca6-964f-89657be3f5f1"
},
"execution_count": 14,
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "execute_result",
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"Index(['Location', ' Vaccine ', 'Total Vaccinations'],
dtype='object')"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"execution_count": 14
}
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"metadata": {
"colab": {
"base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
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},
"id": "ZdEO9FzpCavn",
"outputId": "0c4f1a70-8ec5-47d4-d591-8c462d2615a5"
},
"source": [
"new_df = df1.rename(mapper = str.lower, axis=\"columns\")\n",
"new_df"
],
"execution_count": 16,
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "execute_result",
"data": {
"text/plain": [
" location vaccine total vaccinations\
n",
"date \
n",
"2021-01-08 Austria Johnson&Johnson 0\
n",
"2021-01-08 Austria Moderna 0\
n",
"2021-01-08 Austria Oxford/AstraZeneca 0\
n",
"2021-01-08 Austria Pfizer/BioNTech 31284\
n",
"2021-01-15 Austria Johnson&Johnson 0\
n",
"... ... ... ...\
n",
"2021-11-20 European Union Oxford/AstraZeneca 67212673\
n",
"2021-11-20 European Union Pfizer/BioNTech 438725101\
n",
"2021-11-20 European Union Sinopharm/Beijing 2157500\
n",
"2021-11-20 European Union Sinovac 9\
n",
"2021-11-20 European Union Sputnik V 1845062\
n",
"\n",
"[21897 rows x 3 columns]"
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},
{
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"metadata": {
"id": "YMkz2Sg4IcG2"
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"source": [
"Elimnando el espacio inicial de todas las columnas"
]
},
{
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],
"execution_count": 17,
"outputs": [
 {
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" location vaccine total vaccinations\
n",
"date \
n",
"2021-01-08 Austria Johnson&Johnson 0\
n",
"2021-01-08 Austria Moderna 0\
n",
"2021-01-08 Austria Oxford/AstraZeneca 0\
n",
"2021-01-08 Austria Pfizer/BioNTech 31284\
n",
"2021-01-15 Austria Johnson&Johnson 0\
n",
"... ... ... ...\
n",
"2021-11-20 European Union Oxford/AstraZeneca 67212673\
n",
"2021-11-20 European Union Pfizer/BioNTech 438725101\
n",
"2021-11-20 European Union Sinopharm/Beijing 2157500\
n",
"2021-11-20 European Union Sinovac 9\
n",
"2021-11-20 European Union Sputnik V 1845062\
n",
"\n",
"[21897 rows x 3 columns]"
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"metadata": {},
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{
"cell_type": "code",
"source": [
"#df.rename(mapper=)"
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"metadata": {
"id": "_mPPvwgf_LkQ"
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"execution_count": 35,
 "outputs": []
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{
"cell_type": "code",
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"f = lambda x : x.strip()\n",
"new_df.rename(mapper=f, axis=\"columns\")"
],
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"height": 442
},
"id": "_IA3ljIf-jU1",
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"execution_count": 45,
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"output_type": "execute_result",
"data": {
"text/plain": [
" location vaccine total vaccinations\
n",
"date \
n",
"2021-01-08 Austria Johnson&Johnson 0\
n",
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n",
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}
},
"metadata": {},
"execution_count": 45
 }
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"source": [
"new_df.columns"
],
"metadata": {
"colab": {
"base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
},
"id": "_Fg6omFPxfPW",
"outputId": "7be0aa1d-f574-48f1-d958-dae2e714dfdc"
},
"execution_count": 46,
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "execute_result",
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"Index(['location', 'vaccine', 'total vaccinations'],
dtype='object')"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"execution_count": 46
}
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"id": "8365UsknEldi"
},
"source": [
"Otra forma de generar el cambio"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"metadata": {
"colab": {
"base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
},
"id": "0hQJDv2SDZcU",
"outputId": "a799f363-7be0-46f0-91f8-a7e8566988e8"
},
"source": [
"df1.columns"
],
"execution_count": 49,
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "execute_result",
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"Index(['Location', ' Vaccine ', 'Total Vaccinations'],
dtype='object')"
 ]
},
"metadata": {},
"execution_count": 49
}
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"metadata": {
"id": "3ZqnXBAUEiRs"
},
"source": [
"cols = [c.lower().strip() for c in df1.columns]"
],
"execution_count": 50,
"outputs": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"metadata": {
"id": "5AQRngv0E1yO"
},
"source": [
"df1.columns = cols"
],
"execution_count": 51,
"outputs": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"metadata": {
"colab": {
"base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
},
"id": "HOPBbPaZE2WE",
"outputId": "065bb02c-a04a-4ddb-c2e3-87142346e44e"
},
"source": [
"df1.columns"
],
"execution_count": 52,
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "execute_result",
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"Index(['location', 'vaccine', 'total vaccinations'],
dtype='object')"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"execution_count": 52
}
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
 "id": "t7TBxazlNLyS"
},
"source": [
"![img](https://github.com/hernansalinas/Curso_aprendizaje_estadistico/
blob/main/Sesiones/imagenes/codeCase.png?raw=true \"CodeCase\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"id": "g3lsrvjRF4KB"
},
"source": [
"## Ejemplo pascal Case notation:"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"source": [
"Ejercicio: Construir un cóidigo que cambie el nombre de las columnas a
Camel Case"
],
"metadata": {
"id": "Ed-6h4zeAXLu"
}
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"metadata": {
"colab": {
"base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
"height": 411
},
"id": "NejJMDLPFmWl",
"outputId": "4f5f62a0-7196-4628-b609-ac4a923ed41f"
},
"source": [
"url = \"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/e/2PACX-
1vSHCOR8_Ha6TvBQwIcpjvJ0bzHYel1S8DXl4NHnMhVvdbibrgL_SP6rffuESpaJvPwLuUizXblQtHox/
pub?output=csv\"\n",
"df = pd.read_csv(url)\n",
"df"
],
"execution_count": 53,
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "execute_result",
"data": {
"text/plain": [
" location date vaccine
total_vaccinations\n",
"0 Austria 2021-01-08 Johnson&Johnson
0\n",
"1 Austria 2021-01-08 Moderna
0\n",
"2 Austria 2021-01-08 Oxford/AstraZeneca
0\n",
"3 Austria 2021-01-08 Pfizer/BioNTech
31284\n",
 "4 Austria 2021-01-15 Johnson&Johnson
0\n",
"... ... ... ...
...\n",
"21892 European Union 2021-11-20 Oxford/AstraZeneca
67212673\n",
"21893 European Union 2021-11-20 Pfizer/BioNTech
438725101\n",
"21894 European Union 2021-11-20 Sinopharm/Beijing
2157500\n",
"21895 European Union 2021-11-20 Sinovac
9\n",
"21896 European Union 2021-11-20 Sputnik V
1845062\n",
"\n",
"[21897 rows x 4 columns]"
],
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"<p>21897 rows × 4 columns</p>\n",
"</div>\n",
" <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
"\n",
" <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
" <button class=\"colab-df-convert\"
onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-d501cc27-ea50-4878-bd50-b9ec6428ce1f')\"\n",
" title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive
table.\"\n",
" style=\"display:none;\">\n",
"\n",
" <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"
viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
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160H620v160Z\"/>\n",
" </svg>\n",
" </button>\n",
"\n",
" <style>\n",
" .colab-df-container {\n",
" display:flex;\n",
" gap: 12px;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .colab-df-convert {\n",
" background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
" border: none;\n",
" border-radius: 50%;\n",
" cursor: pointer;\n",
" display: none;\n",
" fill: #1967D2;\n",
" height: 32px;\n",
" padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
" width: 32px;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
" background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
" box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px
rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
" fill: #174EA6;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
" margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
" background-color: #3B4455;\n",
" fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
 " }\n",
"\n",
" [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
" background-color: #434B5C;\n",
" box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
" filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
" fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
" }\n",
" </style>\n",
"\n",
" <script>\n",
" const buttonEl =\n",
" document.querySelector('#df-d501cc27-ea50-4878-bd50-
b9ec6428ce1f button.colab-df-convert');\n",
" buttonEl.style.display =\n",
" google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
"\n",
" async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
" const element = document.querySelector('#df-d501cc27-ea50-
4878-bd50-b9ec6428ce1f');\n",
" const dataTable =\n",
" await
google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
" [key], {});\n",
" if (!dataTable) return;\n",
"\n",
" const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
" '<a target=\"_blank\"
href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table
notebook</a>'\n",
" + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
" element.innerHTML = '';\n",
" dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
" await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\
n",
" const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
" docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
" element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
" }\n",
" </script>\n",
" </div>\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"<div id=\"df-064f949e-01a2-4437-88b7-e9816e5f37b8\">\n",
" <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-
064f949e-01a2-4437-88b7-e9816e5f37b8')\"\n",
" title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
" style=\"display:none;\">\n",
"\n",
"<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0
0 24 24\"\n",
" width=\"24px\">\n",
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" <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0
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" </g>\n",
"</svg>\n",
" </button>\n",
"\n",
 "<style>\n",
" .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
" --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
" --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
" --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
" --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
" --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
" --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
" --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
" --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
" --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
" --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
" --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
" --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
" background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
" border: none;\n",
" border-radius: 50%;\n",
" cursor: pointer;\n",
" display: none;\n",
" fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
" height: 32px;\n",
" padding: 0;\n",
" width: 32px;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
" background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
" box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px
rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
" fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
" .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
" background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
" fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
" box-shadow: none;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .colab-df-spinner {\n",
" border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
" border-color: transparent;\n",
" border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" animation:\n",
" spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" @keyframes spin {\n",
" 0% {\n",
" border-color: transparent;\n",
" border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" }\n",
 " 20% {\n",
" border-color: transparent;\n",
" border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" }\n",
" 30% {\n",
" border-color: transparent;\n",
" border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" }\n",
" 40% {\n",
" border-color: transparent;\n",
" border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" }\n",
" 60% {\n",
" border-color: transparent;\n",
" border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" }\n",
" 80% {\n",
" border-color: transparent;\n",
" border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" }\n",
" 90% {\n",
" border-color: transparent;\n",
" border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" }\n",
" }\n",
"</style>\n",
"\n",
" <script>\n",
" async function quickchart(key) {\n",
" const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
" document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
" quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true; // To prevent multiple
clicks.\n",
" quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
" try {\n",
" const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
" 'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
" } catch (error) {\n",
" console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:',
error);\n",
" }\n",
" quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
" quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-
complete');\n",
" }\n",
" (() => {\n",
" let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
" document.querySelector('#df-064f949e-01a2-4437-88b7-
e9816e5f37b8 button');\n",
" quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
" google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
" })();\n",
" </script>\n",
"</div>\n",
 "\n",
" <div id=\"id_6c045916-a2de-4e50-a5e0-a11065ee2918\">\n",
" <style>\n",
" .colab-df-generate {\n",
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" display: none;\n",
" fill: #1967D2;\n",
" height: 32px;\n",
" padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
" width: 32px;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .colab-df-generate:hover {\n",
" background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
" box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px
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" fill: #174EA6;\n",
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"\n",
" [theme=dark] .colab-df-generate {\n",
" background-color: #3B4455;\n",
" fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
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" [theme=dark] .colab-df-generate:hover {\n",
" background-color: #434B5C;\n",
" box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
" filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
" fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
" }\n",
" </style>\n",
" <button class=\"colab-df-generate\"
onclick=\"generateWithVariable('df')\"\n",
" title=\"Generate code using this dataframe.\"\n",
" style=\"display:none;\">\n",
"\n",
" <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\"
height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
" width=\"24px\">\n",
" <path
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" </svg>\n",
" </button>\n",
" <script>\n",
" (() => {\n",
" const buttonEl =\n",
" document.querySelector('#id_6c045916-a2de-4e50-a5e0-
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" buttonEl.style.display =\n",
" google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
"\n",
" buttonEl.onclick = () => {\n",
 " google.colab.notebook.generateWithVariable('df');\n",
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" })();\n",
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"\n",
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" </div>\n"
],
"application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
"type": "dataframe",
"variable_name": "df",
"summary": "{\n \"name\": \"df\",\n \"rows\": 21897,\n \"fields\":
[\n {\n \"column\": \"location\",\n \"properties\": {\
n \"dtype\": \"category\",\n \"num_unique_values\": 39,\
n \"samples\": [\n \"Sweden\",\n \"United States\",\n
\"Croatia\"\n ],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n \"description\":
\"\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"column\": \"date\",\n \"properties\": {\
n \"dtype\": \"object\",\n \"num_unique_values\": 344,\
n \"samples\": [\n \"2021-06-13\",\n \"2021-05-01\",\n
\"2021-07-19\"\n ],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\
n \"description\": \"\"\n }\n },\n {\
n \"column\": \"vaccine\",\n \"properties\": {\
n \"dtype\": \"category\",\n \"num_unique_values\": 8,\
n \"samples\": [\n \"Moderna\",\n \"CanSino\",\
n \"Johnson&Johnson\"\n ],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n
\"description\": \"\"\n }\n },\n {\
n \"column\": \"total_vaccinations\",\n \"properties\": {\
n \"dtype\": \"number\",\n \"std\": 40781461,\n \"min\": 0,\n
\"max\": 438725101,\n \"num_unique_values\": 18777,\n \"samples\": [\
n 1878362,\n 191742,\n 26177\n ],\
n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n \"description\": \"\"\n }\n }\n
]\n}"
}
},
"metadata": {},
"execution_count": 53
}
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"source": [],
"metadata": {
"id": "h4b3e7kEKAaw"
},
"execution_count": 186,
"outputs": []
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"id": "5RUXQQ5NO3Mq"
},
"source": [
"# Mascaras en columnas"
]
},
{
 "cell_type": "code",
"metadata": {
"id": "3bH8btGwGvH9"
},
"source": [
"tf = df[\"TotalVaccinations\"] > 2157500"
],
"execution_count": 187,
"outputs": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"metadata": {
"colab": {
"base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
"height": 411
},
"id": "7NrcMjBCHaKY",
"outputId": "270d8c21-2b4c-4d65-e114-0e9ca844dd8b"
},
"source": [
"df[tf] #Mascara, nuevo data frame con un numero diferentes de lineas"
],
"execution_count": 188,
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "execute_result",
"data": {
"text/plain": [
" Location Date Vaccine
TotalVaccinations\n",
"67 Austria 2021-04-30 Pfizer/BioNTech
2273457\n",
"71 Austria 2021-05-07 Pfizer/BioNTech
2604643\n",
"75 Austria 2021-05-14 Pfizer/BioNTech
2904840\n",
"79 Austria 2021-05-21 Pfizer/BioNTech
3283752\n",
"83 Austria 2021-05-28 Pfizer/BioNTech
3620298\n",
"... ... ... ...
...\n",
"21886 European Union 2021-11-19 Pfizer/BioNTech
438577477\n",
"21890 European Union 2021-11-20 Johnson&Johnson
16950779\n",
"21891 European Union 2021-11-20 Moderna
61206560\n",
"21892 European Union 2021-11-20 Oxford/AstraZeneca
67212673\n",
"21893 European Union 2021-11-20 Pfizer/BioNTech
438725101\n",
"\n",
"[7626 rows x 4 columns]"
],
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" .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
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google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
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"\n",
" const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
" '<a target=\"_blank\"
href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table
notebook</a>'\n",
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" --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
" --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
" --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
" }\n",
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" .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
 " background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
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" border-radius: 50%;\n",
" cursor: pointer;\n",
" display: none;\n",
" fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
" height: 32px;\n",
" padding: 0;\n",
" width: 32px;\n",
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" .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
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"\n",
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" } catch (error) {\n",
" console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:',
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" }\n",
" quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
" quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-
complete');\n",
" }\n",
" (() => {\n",
" let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
" document.querySelector('#df-fac71d9d-7ae1-48f5-b6be-
49108c30d0ea button');\n",
" quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
" google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
" })();\n",
" </script>\n",
"</div>\n",
"\n",
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],
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"type": "dataframe",
"repr_error": "0"
}
},
"metadata": {},
"execution_count": 188
}
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"metadata": {
"colab": {
"base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
"height": 411
 },
"id": "MzAhfVwqHeAD",
"outputId": "592585fd-6516-439b-b8c0-f23221530065"
},
"source": [
"df.where(tf) #asigna NAN a todo el data frame donde no se cumple la
condicion establecida"
],
"execution_count": 189,
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "execute_result",
"data": {
"text/plain": [
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TotalVaccinations\n",
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"... ... ... ...
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"summary": "{\n \"name\": \"df\",\n \"rows\": 21897,\n \"fields\":
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n \"dtype\": \"category\",\n \"num_unique_values\": 30,\
n \"samples\": [\n \"United States\",\n \"Lithuania\",\n
\"Spain\"\n ],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\
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]\n}"
}
},
"metadata": {},
"execution_count": 189
}
 ]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"metadata": {
"colab": {
"base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
"height": 411
},
"id": "TkMPe3KqHxFY",
"outputId": "62f03ffb-58eb-42be-f036-42c31d8fef3a"
},
"source": [
"n_df = df.where(tf).copy()\n",
"n_df.dropna() #Volvemos a obtener el data frame generado con la mascara y
#filtrado como un array"
],
"execution_count": 190,
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "execute_result",
"data": {
"text/plain": [
" Location Date Vaccine
TotalVaccinations\n",
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" <td>Pfizer/BioNTech</td>\n",
" <td>2604643.0</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>75</th>\n",
" <td>Austria</td>\n",
" <td>2021-05-14</td>\n",
" <td>Pfizer/BioNTech</td>\n",
" <td>2904840.0</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>79</th>\n",
" <td>Austria</td>\n",
" <td>2021-05-21</td>\n",
" <td>Pfizer/BioNTech</td>\n",
" <td>3283752.0</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>83</th>\n",
" <td>Austria</td>\n",
" <td>2021-05-28</td>\n",
" <td>Pfizer/BioNTech</td>\n",
" <td>3620298.0</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>...</th>\n",
" <td>...</td>\n",
" <td>...</td>\n",
 " <td>...</td>\n",
" <td>...</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>21886</th>\n",
" <td>European Union</td>\n",
" <td>2021-11-19</td>\n",
" <td>Pfizer/BioNTech</td>\n",
" <td>438577477.0</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>21890</th>\n",
" <td>European Union</td>\n",
" <td>2021-11-20</td>\n",
" <td>Johnson&amp;Johnson</td>\n",
" <td>16950779.0</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>21891</th>\n",
" <td>European Union</td>\n",
" <td>2021-11-20</td>\n",
" <td>Moderna</td>\n",
" <td>61206560.0</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>21892</th>\n",
" <td>European Union</td>\n",
" <td>2021-11-20</td>\n",
" <td>Oxford/AstraZeneca</td>\n",
" <td>67212673.0</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>21893</th>\n",
" <td>European Union</td>\n",
" <td>2021-11-20</td>\n",
" <td>Pfizer/BioNTech</td>\n",
" <td>438725101.0</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" </tbody>\n",
"</table>\n",
"<p>7626 rows × 4 columns</p>\n",
"</div>\n",
" <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
"\n",
" <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
" <button class=\"colab-df-convert\"
onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-48d52ee1-14e8-4e61-b87d-97f8bde64871')\"\n",
" title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive
table.\"\n",
" style=\"display:none;\">\n",
"\n",
" <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"
viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
" <path d=\"M120-120v-720h720v720H120Zm60-500h600v-
160H180v160Zm220 220h160v-160H400v160Zm0 220h160v-160H400v160ZM180-400h160v-
160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160ZM180-180h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-
160H620v160Z\"/>\n",
" </svg>\n",
" </button>\n",
 "\n",
" <style>\n",
" .colab-df-container {\n",
" display:flex;\n",
" gap: 12px;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .colab-df-convert {\n",
" background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
" border: none;\n",
" border-radius: 50%;\n",
" cursor: pointer;\n",
" display: none;\n",
" fill: #1967D2;\n",
" height: 32px;\n",
" padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
" width: 32px;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
" background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
" box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px
rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
" fill: #174EA6;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
" margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
" background-color: #3B4455;\n",
" fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
" background-color: #434B5C;\n",
" box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
" filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
" fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
" }\n",
" </style>\n",
"\n",
" <script>\n",
" const buttonEl =\n",
" document.querySelector('#df-48d52ee1-14e8-4e61-b87d-
97f8bde64871 button.colab-df-convert');\n",
" buttonEl.style.display =\n",
" google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
"\n",
" async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
" const element = document.querySelector('#df-48d52ee1-14e8-
4e61-b87d-97f8bde64871');\n",
" const dataTable =\n",
" await
google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
" [key], {});\n",
" if (!dataTable) return;\n",
"\n",
 " const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
" '<a target=\"_blank\"
href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table
notebook</a>'\n",
" + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
" element.innerHTML = '';\n",
" dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
" await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\
n",
" const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
" docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
" element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
" }\n",
" </script>\n",
" </div>\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"<div id=\"df-ca234da2-2181-471d-a185-98fbfe017429\">\n",
" <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-
ca234da2-2181-471d-a185-98fbfe017429')\"\n",
" title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
" style=\"display:none;\">\n",
"\n",
"<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0
0 24 24\"\n",
" width=\"24px\">\n",
" <g>\n",
" <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0
2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
" </g>\n",
"</svg>\n",
" </button>\n",
"\n",
"<style>\n",
" .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
" --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
" --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
" --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
" --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
" --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
" --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
" --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
" --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
" --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
" --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
" --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
" --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
" background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
" border: none;\n",
" border-radius: 50%;\n",
" cursor: pointer;\n",
" display: none;\n",
" fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
 " height: 32px;\n",
" padding: 0;\n",
" width: 32px;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
" background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
" box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px
rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
" fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
" .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
" background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
" fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
" box-shadow: none;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .colab-df-spinner {\n",
" border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
" border-color: transparent;\n",
" border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" animation:\n",
" spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" @keyframes spin {\n",
" 0% {\n",
" border-color: transparent;\n",
" border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" }\n",
" 20% {\n",
" border-color: transparent;\n",
" border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" }\n",
" 30% {\n",
" border-color: transparent;\n",
" border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" }\n",
" 40% {\n",
" border-color: transparent;\n",
" border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" }\n",
" 60% {\n",
" border-color: transparent;\n",
" border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" }\n",
" 80% {\n",
" border-color: transparent;\n",
" border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" }\n",
" 90% {\n",
 " border-color: transparent;\n",
" border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" }\n",
" }\n",
"</style>\n",
"\n",
" <script>\n",
" async function quickchart(key) {\n",
" const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
" document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
" quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true; // To prevent multiple
clicks.\n",
" quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
" try {\n",
" const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
" 'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
" } catch (error) {\n",
" console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:',
error);\n",
" }\n",
" quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
" quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-
complete');\n",
" }\n",
" (() => {\n",
" let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
" document.querySelector('#df-ca234da2-2181-471d-a185-
98fbfe017429 button');\n",
" quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
" google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
" })();\n",
" </script>\n",
"</div>\n",
"\n",
" </div>\n",
" </div>\n"
],
"application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
"type": "dataframe",
"repr_error": "0"
}
},
"metadata": {},
"execution_count": 190
}
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"id": "hyy88nqqKDhH"
},
"source": [
"Volviendo a la mascara"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"metadata": {
 "id": "YnDQTZ6yJrUC"
},
"source": [
"df = df[tf]"
],
"execution_count": 191,
"outputs": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"metadata": {
"colab": {
"base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
"height": 411
},
"id": "f1b7l4CSK7AL",
"outputId": "3b3e15eb-1feb-432b-990c-0409c935287d"
},
"source": [
"df"
],
"execution_count": 192,
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "execute_result",
"data": {
"text/plain": [
" Location Date Vaccine
TotalVaccinations\n",
"67 Austria 2021-04-30 Pfizer/BioNTech
2273457\n",
"71 Austria 2021-05-07 Pfizer/BioNTech
2604643\n",
"75 Austria 2021-05-14 Pfizer/BioNTech
2904840\n",
"79 Austria 2021-05-21 Pfizer/BioNTech
3283752\n",
"83 Austria 2021-05-28 Pfizer/BioNTech
3620298\n",
"... ... ... ...
...\n",
"21886 European Union 2021-11-19 Pfizer/BioNTech
438577477\n",
"21890 European Union 2021-11-20 Johnson&Johnson
16950779\n",
"21891 European Union 2021-11-20 Moderna
61206560\n",
"21892 European Union 2021-11-20 Oxford/AstraZeneca
67212673\n",
"21893 European Union 2021-11-20 Pfizer/BioNTech
438725101\n",
"\n",
"[7626 rows x 4 columns]"
],
"text/html": [
"\n",
" <div id=\"df-faa0c559-2e6b-4f5e-80c6-c754ad7f1e2d\" class=\"colab-
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"<style scoped>\n",
" .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
" vertical-align: middle;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
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"<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
" <thead>\n",
" <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
" <th></th>\n",
" <th>Location</th>\n",
" <th>Date</th>\n",
" <th>Vaccine</th>\n",
" <th>TotalVaccinations</th>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" </thead>\n",
" <tbody>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>67</th>\n",
" <td>Austria</td>\n",
" <td>2021-04-30</td>\n",
" <td>Pfizer/BioNTech</td>\n",
" <td>2273457</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>71</th>\n",
" <td>Austria</td>\n",
" <td>2021-05-07</td>\n",
" <td>Pfizer/BioNTech</td>\n",
" <td>2604643</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>75</th>\n",
" <td>Austria</td>\n",
" <td>2021-05-14</td>\n",
" <td>Pfizer/BioNTech</td>\n",
" <td>2904840</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>79</th>\n",
" <td>Austria</td>\n",
" <td>2021-05-21</td>\n",
" <td>Pfizer/BioNTech</td>\n",
" <td>3283752</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>83</th>\n",
" <td>Austria</td>\n",
" <td>2021-05-28</td>\n",
" <td>Pfizer/BioNTech</td>\n",
" <td>3620298</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
 " <tr>\n",
" <th>...</th>\n",
" <td>...</td>\n",
" <td>...</td>\n",
" <td>...</td>\n",
" <td>...</td>\n",
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" <tr>\n",
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" <td>2021-11-19</td>\n",
" <td>Pfizer/BioNTech</td>\n",
" <td>438577477</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>21890</th>\n",
" <td>European Union</td>\n",
" <td>2021-11-20</td>\n",
" <td>Johnson&amp;Johnson</td>\n",
" <td>16950779</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>21891</th>\n",
" <td>European Union</td>\n",
" <td>2021-11-20</td>\n",
" <td>Moderna</td>\n",
" <td>61206560</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>21892</th>\n",
" <td>European Union</td>\n",
" <td>2021-11-20</td>\n",
" <td>Oxford/AstraZeneca</td>\n",
" <td>67212673</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>21893</th>\n",
" <td>European Union</td>\n",
" <td>2021-11-20</td>\n",
" <td>Pfizer/BioNTech</td>\n",
" <td>438725101</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" </tbody>\n",
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"<p>7626 rows × 4 columns</p>\n",
"</div>\n",
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" </button>\n",
"\n",
" <style>\n",
" .colab-df-container {\n",
" display:flex;\n",
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"\n",
" .colab-df-convert {\n",
" background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
" border: none;\n",
" border-radius: 50%;\n",
" cursor: pointer;\n",
" display: none;\n",
" fill: #1967D2;\n",
" height: 32px;\n",
" padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
" width: 32px;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
" background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
" box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px
rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
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" }\n",
"\n",
" .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
" margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
" background-color: #3B4455;\n",
" fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
" background-color: #434B5C;\n",
" box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
" filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
" fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
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"\n",
" <script>\n",
" const buttonEl =\n",
" document.querySelector('#df-faa0c559-2e6b-4f5e-80c6-
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" buttonEl.style.display =\n",
" google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
"\n",
" async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
" const element = document.querySelector('#df-faa0c559-2e6b-
4f5e-80c6-c754ad7f1e2d');\n",
" const dataTable =\n",
 " await
google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
" [key], {});\n",
" if (!dataTable) return;\n",
"\n",
" const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
" '<a target=\"_blank\"
href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table
notebook</a>'\n",
" + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
" element.innerHTML = '';\n",
" dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
" await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\
n",
" const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
" docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
" element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
" }\n",
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"\n",
"\n",
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"\n",
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" --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
" --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
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" --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
" --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
" --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
" --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
" --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
" --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
" --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
" background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
 " border: none;\n",
" border-radius: 50%;\n",
" cursor: pointer;\n",
" display: none;\n",
" fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
" height: 32px;\n",
" padding: 0;\n",
" width: 32px;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
" background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
" box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px
rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
" fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
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{
 "cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"id": "2HT7gAqaL_yO"
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"source": [
"Comparacion para valores de una misma columna"
]
},
{
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"source": [
"df[ ((df[\"TotalVaccinations\"]>2273457) &
(df[\"TotalVaccinations\"]<61206560 ) )]"
],
"execution_count": 193,
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "execute_result",
"data": {
"text/plain": [
" Location Date Vaccine
TotalVaccinations\n",
"71 Austria 2021-05-07 Pfizer/BioNTech
2604643\n",
"75 Austria 2021-05-14 Pfizer/BioNTech
2904840\n",
"79 Austria 2021-05-21 Pfizer/BioNTech
3283752\n",
"83 Austria 2021-05-28 Pfizer/BioNTech
3620298\n",
"87 Austria 2021-06-04 Pfizer/BioNTech
4047114\n",

"... ... ... ... ...\n",

"21876 European Union 2021-11-18 Johnson&Johnson
16867390\n",
"21877 European Union 2021-11-18 Moderna
60957149\n",
"21883 European Union 2021-11-19 Johnson&Johnson
16948949\n",
"21884 European Union 2021-11-19 Moderna
61165719\n",
"21890 European Union 2021-11-20 Johnson&Johnson
16950779\n",
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 "metadata": {
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"data": {
"text/plain": [
" Location Date Vaccine
TotalVaccinations\n",
"0 Austria 2021-04-30 Pfizer/BioNTech
2273457\n",
"1 Austria 2021-05-07 Pfizer/BioNTech
2604643\n",
"2 Austria 2021-05-14 Pfizer/BioNTech
2904840\n",
"3 Austria 2021-05-21 Pfizer/BioNTech
3283752\n",
"4 Austria 2021-05-28 Pfizer/BioNTech
3620298\n",

"... ... ... ... ...\n",

"7621 European Union 2021-11-19 Pfizer/BioNTech
438577477\n",
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16950779\n",
"7623 European Union 2021-11-20 Moderna
61206560\n",
"7624 European Union 2021-11-20 Oxford/AstraZeneca
67212673\n",
"7625 European Union 2021-11-20 Pfizer/BioNTech
438725101\n",
"\n",
"[7626 rows x 4 columns]"
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" <td>Pfizer/BioNTech</td>\n",
" <td>2273457</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>1</th>\n",
" <td>Austria</td>\n",
" <td>2021-05-07</td>\n",
" <td>Pfizer/BioNTech</td>\n",
" <td>2604643</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>2</th>\n",
" <td>Austria</td>\n",
" <td>2021-05-14</td>\n",
" <td>Pfizer/BioNTech</td>\n",
" <td>2904840</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>3</th>\n",
" <td>Austria</td>\n",
" <td>2021-05-21</td>\n",
" <td>Pfizer/BioNTech</td>\n",
" <td>3283752</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>4</th>\n",
" <td>Austria</td>\n",
" <td>2021-05-28</td>\n",
" <td>Pfizer/BioNTech</td>\n",
" <td>3620298</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>...</th>\n",
 " <td>...</td>\n",
" <td>...</td>\n",
" <td>...</td>\n",
" <td>...</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>7621</th>\n",
" <td>European Union</td>\n",
" <td>2021-11-19</td>\n",
" <td>Pfizer/BioNTech</td>\n",
" <td>438577477</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>7622</th>\n",
" <td>European Union</td>\n",
" <td>2021-11-20</td>\n",
" <td>Johnson&amp;Johnson</td>\n",
" <td>16950779</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>7623</th>\n",
" <td>European Union</td>\n",
" <td>2021-11-20</td>\n",
" <td>Moderna</td>\n",
" <td>61206560</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>7624</th>\n",
" <td>European Union</td>\n",
" <td>2021-11-20</td>\n",
" <td>Oxford/AstraZeneca</td>\n",
" <td>67212673</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>7625</th>\n",
" <td>European Union</td>\n",
" <td>2021-11-20</td>\n",
" <td>Pfizer/BioNTech</td>\n",
" <td>438725101</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" </tbody>\n",
"</table>\n",
"<p>7626 rows × 4 columns</p>\n",
"</div>\n",
" <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
"\n",
" <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
" <button class=\"colab-df-convert\"
onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-9c3d50dd-a17a-4239-a9a5-6db888a0f6e9')\"\n",
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table.\"\n",
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"\n",
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 " </svg>\n",
" </button>\n",
"\n",
" <style>\n",
" .colab-df-container {\n",
" display:flex;\n",
" gap: 12px;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .colab-df-convert {\n",
" background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
" border: none;\n",
" border-radius: 50%;\n",
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" display: none;\n",
" fill: #1967D2;\n",
" height: 32px;\n",
" padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
" width: 32px;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
" background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
" box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px
rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
" fill: #174EA6;\n",
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"\n",
" .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
" margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
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" fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
" background-color: #434B5C;\n",
" box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
" filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
" fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
" }\n",
" </style>\n",
"\n",
" <script>\n",
" const buttonEl =\n",
" document.querySelector('#df-9c3d50dd-a17a-4239-a9a5-
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" buttonEl.style.display =\n",
" google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
"\n",
" async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
" const element = document.querySelector('#df-9c3d50dd-a17a-
4239-a9a5-6db888a0f6e9');\n",
" const dataTable =\n",
" await
google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
" [key], {});\n",
 " if (!dataTable) return;\n",
"\n",
" const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
" '<a target=\"_blank\"
href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table
notebook</a>'\n",
" + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
" element.innerHTML = '';\n",
" dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
" await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\
n",
" const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
" docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
" element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
" }\n",
" </script>\n",
" </div>\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"<div id=\"df-ec7add8a-75ff-44e5-9ba1-e789760b036f\">\n",
" <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-
ec7add8a-75ff-44e5-9ba1-e789760b036f')\"\n",
" title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
" style=\"display:none;\">\n",
"\n",
"<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0
0 24 24\"\n",
" width=\"24px\">\n",
" <g>\n",
" <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0
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"\n",
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" .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
" --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
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" --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
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" --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
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" }\n",
"\n",
" [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
" --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
" --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
" --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
" --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
" --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
" --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
" background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
" border: none;\n",
" border-radius: 50%;\n",
" cursor: pointer;\n",
 " display: none;\n",
" fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
" height: 32px;\n",
" padding: 0;\n",
" width: 32px;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
" background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
" box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px
rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
" fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
" .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
" background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
" fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
" box-shadow: none;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .colab-df-spinner {\n",
" border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
" border-color: transparent;\n",
" border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" animation:\n",
" spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" @keyframes spin {\n",
" 0% {\n",
" border-color: transparent;\n",
" border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" }\n",
" 20% {\n",
" border-color: transparent;\n",
" border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" }\n",
" 30% {\n",
" border-color: transparent;\n",
" border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" }\n",
" 40% {\n",
" border-color: transparent;\n",
" border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" }\n",
" 60% {\n",
" border-color: transparent;\n",
" border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" }\n",
" 80% {\n",
" border-color: transparent;\n",
" border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
 " }\n",
" 90% {\n",
" border-color: transparent;\n",
" border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" }\n",
" }\n",
"</style>\n",
"\n",
" <script>\n",
" async function quickchart(key) {\n",
" const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
" document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
" quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true; // To prevent multiple
clicks.\n",
" quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
" try {\n",
" const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
" 'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
" } catch (error) {\n",
" console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:',
error);\n",
" }\n",
" quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
" quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-
complete');\n",
" }\n",
" (() => {\n",
" let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
" document.querySelector('#df-ec7add8a-75ff-44e5-9ba1-
e789760b036f button');\n",
" quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
" google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
" })();\n",
" </script>\n",
"</div>\n",
"\n",
" </div>\n",
" </div>\n"
],
"application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
"type": "dataframe",
"summary": "{\n \"name\": \"q\",\n \"rows\": 7626,\n \"fields\":
[\n {\n \"column\": \"Location\",\n \"properties\": {\
n \"dtype\": \"category\",\n \"num_unique_values\": 30,\
n \"samples\": [\n \"United States\",\n \"Lithuania\",\n
\"Spain\"\n ],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\
n \"description\": \"\"\n }\n },\n {\
n \"column\": \"Date\",\n \"properties\": {\
n \"dtype\": \"object\",\n \"num_unique_values\": 318,\
n \"samples\": [\n \"2021-03-30\",\n \"2021-11-20\",\n
\"2021-10-22\"\n ],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\
n \"description\": \"\"\n }\n },\n {\
n \"column\": \"Vaccine\",\n \"properties\": {\
n \"dtype\": \"category\",\n \"num_unique_values\": 5,\
n \"samples\": [\n \"Oxford/AstraZeneca\",\
n \"Johnson&Johnson\",\n \"Sinovac\"\n ],\
n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n \"description\": \"\"\n }\n },\n
{\n \"column\": \"TotalVaccinations\",\n \"properties\": {\
n \"dtype\": \"number\",\n \"std\": 63933768,\n \"min\":
2158055,\n \"max\": 438725101,\n \"num_unique_values\": 7586,\n
\"samples\": [\n 10433365,\n 6832763,\n 4550938\n
],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n \"description\": \"\"\n }\
n }\n ]\n}"
}
},
"metadata": {},
"execution_count": 195
}
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"source": [
"\n",
"unique()"
],
"metadata": {
"id": "-Lx3-A8U_Gl-"
}
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"source": [
"df.Location.unique()"
],
"metadata": {
"colab": {
"base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
},
"id": "orsm7q1I_ArI",
"outputId": "abc26c56-4d53-43f3-ef6c-0f40ca944f38"
},
"execution_count": 196,
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "execute_result",
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"array(['Austria', 'Belgium', 'Chile', 'Croatia', 'Czechia',
'Denmark',\n",
" 'Ecuador', 'Finland', 'France', 'Germany', 'Hong Kong',
'Hungary',\n",
" 'Ireland', 'Italy', 'Japan', 'Lithuania', 'Netherlands',
'Norway',\n",
" 'Poland', 'Portugal', 'Romania', 'Slovakia', 'South Korea',\
n",
" 'Spain', 'Sweden', 'Switzerland', 'Ukraine', 'United
States',\n",
" 'Uruguay', 'European Union'], dtype=object)"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"execution_count": 196
}
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
 "source": [
"df.Vaccine.unique()\n"
],
"metadata": {
"colab": {
"base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
},
"id": "KS_Bgl3r_AtY",
"outputId": "e8fa85c9-9c72-4465-e712-785a6b61fdde"
},
"execution_count": 197,
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "execute_result",
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"array(['Pfizer/BioNTech', 'Oxford/AstraZeneca', 'Sinovac',
'Moderna',\n",
" 'Johnson&Johnson'], dtype=object)"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"execution_count": 197
}
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"source": [
"Definir columnas\n"
],
"metadata": {
"id": "NNoYgXwc_M-S"
}
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"source": [
"cols=['Location', 'Date', 'Vaccine']\n",
"df[cols]\n"
],
"metadata": {
"colab": {
"base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
"height": 411
},
"id": "7kMI7BO9_Avs",
"outputId": "eac38610-4bb7-4d09-cd01-92b9564d8f85"
},
"execution_count": 198,
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "execute_result",
"data": {
"text/plain": [
" Location Date Vaccine\n",
"67 Austria 2021-04-30 Pfizer/BioNTech\n",
"71 Austria 2021-05-07 Pfizer/BioNTech\n",
"75 Austria 2021-05-14 Pfizer/BioNTech\n",
 "79 Austria 2021-05-21 Pfizer/BioNTech\n",
"83 Austria 2021-05-28 Pfizer/BioNTech\n",
"... ... ... ...\n",
"21886 European Union 2021-11-19 Pfizer/BioNTech\n",
"21890 European Union 2021-11-20 Johnson&Johnson\n",
"21891 European Union 2021-11-20 Moderna\n",
"21892 European Union 2021-11-20 Oxford/AstraZeneca\n",
"21893 European Union 2021-11-20 Pfizer/BioNTech\n",
"\n",
"[7626 rows x 3 columns]"
],
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"\n",
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google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
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" if (!dataTable) return;\n",
"\n",
" const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
" '<a target=\"_blank\"
href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table
notebook</a>'\n",
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" element.innerHTML = '';\n",
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{
"cell_type": "code",
"source": [
"g=df.set_index(['Location','Vaccine'])\n",
 "g"
],
"metadata": {
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"base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
"height": 442
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"id": "ZRGrLLjs_Ax3",
"outputId": "bea14f4d-a51f-4fa1-b03f-c7988dea9baf"
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"execution_count": 199,
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "execute_result",
"data": {
"text/plain": [
" Date TotalVaccinations\n",
"Location Vaccine \n",
"Austria Pfizer/BioNTech 2021-04-30 2273457\n",
" Pfizer/BioNTech 2021-05-07 2604643\n",
" Pfizer/BioNTech 2021-05-14 2904840\n",
" Pfizer/BioNTech 2021-05-21 3283752\n",
" Pfizer/BioNTech 2021-05-28 3620298\n",
"... ... ...\n",
"European Union Pfizer/BioNTech 2021-11-19 438577477\n",
" Johnson&Johnson 2021-11-20 16950779\n",
" Moderna 2021-11-20 61206560\n",
" Oxford/AstraZeneca 2021-11-20 67212673\n",
" Pfizer/BioNTech 2021-11-20 438725101\n",
"\n",
"[7626 rows x 2 columns]"
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},
"metadata": {},
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},
{
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],
"metadata": {
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" padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
" width: 32px;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
" background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
" box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px
rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
" fill: #174EA6;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
" margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
" background-color: #3B4455;\n",
" fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
" background-color: #434B5C;\n",
" box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
" filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
" fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
" }\n",
" </style>\n",
"\n",
" <script>\n",
" const buttonEl =\n",
" document.querySelector('#df-14706812-cba1-4a0a-990c-
df7bcc820c3e button.colab-df-convert');\n",
" buttonEl.style.display =\n",
" google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
"\n",
" async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
" const element = document.querySelector('#df-14706812-cba1-
4a0a-990c-df7bcc820c3e');\n",
" const dataTable =\n",
" await
google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
" [key], {});\n",
" if (!dataTable) return;\n",
"\n",
" const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
" '<a target=\"_blank\"
href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table
notebook</a>'\n",
" + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
" element.innerHTML = '';\n",
 " dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
" await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\
n",
" const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
" docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
" element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
" }\n",
" </script>\n",
" </div>\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"<div id=\"df-b3bf247b-435e-4e8e-bcb8-4a5f72f24942\">\n",
" <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-
b3bf247b-435e-4e8e-bcb8-4a5f72f24942')\"\n",
" title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
" style=\"display:none;\">\n",
"\n",
"<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0
0 24 24\"\n",
" width=\"24px\">\n",
" <g>\n",
" <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0
2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
" </g>\n",
"</svg>\n",
" </button>\n",
"\n",
"<style>\n",
" .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
" --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
" --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
" --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
" --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
" --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
" --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
" --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
" --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
" --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
" --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
" --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
" --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
" background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
" border: none;\n",
" border-radius: 50%;\n",
" cursor: pointer;\n",
" display: none;\n",
" fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
" height: 32px;\n",
" padding: 0;\n",
" width: 32px;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
 " background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
" box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px
rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
" fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
" .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
" background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
" fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
" box-shadow: none;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .colab-df-spinner {\n",
" border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
" border-color: transparent;\n",
" border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" animation:\n",
" spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" @keyframes spin {\n",
" 0% {\n",
" border-color: transparent;\n",
" border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" }\n",
" 20% {\n",
" border-color: transparent;\n",
" border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" }\n",
" 30% {\n",
" border-color: transparent;\n",
" border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" }\n",
" 40% {\n",
" border-color: transparent;\n",
" border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" }\n",
" 60% {\n",
" border-color: transparent;\n",
" border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" }\n",
" 80% {\n",
" border-color: transparent;\n",
" border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" }\n",
" 90% {\n",
" border-color: transparent;\n",
" border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
" }\n",
" }\n",
"</style>\n",
"\n",
 " <script>\n",
" async function quickchart(key) {\n",
" const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
" document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
" quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true; // To prevent multiple
clicks.\n",
" quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
" try {\n",
" const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
" 'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
" } catch (error) {\n",
" console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:',
error);\n",
" }\n",
" quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
" quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-
complete');\n",
" }\n",
" (() => {\n",
" let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
" document.querySelector('#df-b3bf247b-435e-4e8e-bcb8-
4a5f72f24942 button');\n",
" quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
" google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
" })();\n",
" </script>\n",
"</div>\n",
"\n",
" </div>\n",
" </div>\n"
],
"application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
"type": "dataframe",
"variable_name": "df",
"repr_error": "0"
}
},
"metadata": {},
"execution_count": 201
}
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"source": [
"df.groupby([\"Location\"])"
],
"metadata": {
"colab": {
"base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
},
"id": "UovMFEXl_gi3",
"outputId": "3b8cc273-23a4-4c7c-e7d1-015a7bafbcad"
},
"execution_count": 202,
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "execute_result",
"data": {
 "text/plain": [
"<pandas.core.groupby.generic.DataFrameGroupBy object at
0x7b4859c994b0>"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"execution_count": 202
}
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"source": [
"df.groupby([\"Location\"]).count()"
],
"metadata": {
"colab": {
"base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
"height": 991
},
"id": "UGJ-mYph_jIv",
"outputId": "362b1b3e-a9e0-4e4e-dcb4-559bfd095a56"
},
"execution_count": 203,
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "execute_result",
"data": {
"text/plain": [
" Date Vaccine TotalVaccinations\n",
"Location \n",
"Austria 30 30 30\n",
"Belgium 51 51 51\n",
"Chile 476 476 476\n",
"Croatia 18 18 18\n",
"Czechia 212 212 212\n",
"Denmark 27 27 27\n",
"Ecuador 287 287 287\n",
"European Union 1019 1019 1019\n",
"Finland 26 26 26\n",
"France 720 720 720\n",
"Germany 867 867 867\n",
"Hong Kong 260 260 260\n",
"Hungary 31 31 31\n",
"Ireland 25 25 25\n",
"Italy 711 711 711\n",
"Japan 135 135 135\n",
"Lithuania 3 3 3\n",
"Netherlands 57 57 57\n",
"Norway 25 25 25\n",
"Poland 98 98 98\n",
"Portugal 45 45 45\n",
"Romania 240 240 240\n",
"Slovakia 23 23 23\n",
"South Korea 472 472 472\n",
"Spain 100 100 100\n",
"Sweden 31 31 31\n",
"Switzerland 358 358 358\n",
"Ukraine 264 264 264\n",
 "United States 841 841 841\n",
"Uruguay 174 174 174"
],
"text/html": [
"\n",
" <div id=\"df-bf0b3ff6-dcdd-416d-8d60-3886a8c46ced\" class=\"colab-
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" <div>\n",
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" <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
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" <th>Date</th>\n",
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" <td>30</td>\n",
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" <tr>\n",
" <th>Belgium</th>\n",
" <td>51</td>\n",
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" <tr>\n",
" <th>Chile</th>\n",
" <td>476</td>\n",
" <td>476</td>\n",
" <td>476</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>Croatia</th>\n",
" <td>18</td>\n",
" <td>18</td>\n",
" <td>18</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
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" <th>Czechia</th>\n",
" <td>212</td>\n",
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" <tr>\n",
" <th>Denmark</th>\n",
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" <td>27</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
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" <th>Ecuador</th>\n",
" <td>287</td>\n",
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" <th>Finland</th>\n",
" <td>26</td>\n",
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" <th>France</th>\n",
" <td>720</td>\n",
" <td>720</td>\n",
" <td>720</td>\n",
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" <tr>\n",
" <th>Germany</th>\n",
" <td>867</td>\n",
" <td>867</td>\n",
" <td>867</td>\n",
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" <tr>\n",
" <th>Hong Kong</th>\n",
" <td>260</td>\n",
" <td>260</td>\n",
" <td>260</td>\n",
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" <th>Hungary</th>\n",
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" <td>25</td>\n",
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" background-color: #434B5C;\n",
" box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
" filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
" fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
" }\n",
" </style>\n",
"\n",
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" const buttonEl =\n",
" document.querySelector('#df-bf0b3ff6-dcdd-416d-8d60-
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" const element = document.querySelector('#df-bf0b3ff6-dcdd-
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" const dataTable =\n",
" await
google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
" [key], {});\n",
" if (!dataTable) return;\n",
 "\n",
" const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
" '<a target=\"_blank\"
href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table
notebook</a>'\n",
" + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
" element.innerHTML = '';\n",
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" await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\
n",
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 " fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
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rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
" fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
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"\n",
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" background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
" fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
" box-shadow: none;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
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" border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
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"application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
"type": "dataframe",
"summary": "{\n \"name\": \"df\",\n \"rows\": 30,\n \"fields\": [\
n {\n \"column\": \"Location\",\n \"properties\": {\
n \"dtype\": \"string\",\n \"num_unique_values\": 30,\
n \"samples\": [\n \"Ukraine\",\n \"Japan\",\
n \"South Korea\"\n ],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\
n \"description\": \"\"\n }\n },\n {\
n \"column\": \"Date\",\n \"properties\": {\
n \"dtype\": \"number\",\n \"std\": 297,\n \"min\": 3,\n
\"max\": 1019,\n \"num_unique_values\": 28,\n \"samples\": [\n
720,\n 264,\n 26\n ],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n
\"description\": \"\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"column\": \"Vaccine\",\n
\"properties\": {\n \"dtype\": \"number\",\n \"std\": 297,\
n \"min\": 3,\n \"max\": 1019,\n \"num_unique_values\": 28,\n
\"samples\": [\n 720,\n 264,\n 26\n ],\
n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n \"description\": \"\"\n }\n },\n
{\n \"column\": \"TotalVaccinations\",\n \"properties\": {\
n \"dtype\": \"number\",\n \"std\": 297,\n \"min\": 3,\n
\"max\": 1019,\n \"num_unique_values\": 28,\n \"samples\": [\n
720,\n 264,\n 26\n ],\n \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n
\"description\": \"\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}"
}
},
"metadata": {},
"execution_count": 203
}
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"source": [
"part_df = df[df.Location==\"Austria\"].reset_index()\n",
"part_df"
],
"metadata": {
"colab": {
"base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
"height": 962
},
"id": "zOi8qCDL_2Mn",
"outputId": "0ca82fb4-5876-45a7-a2df-751566239a6e"
},
"execution_count": 204,
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "execute_result",
"data": {
"text/plain": [
" index Location Date Vaccine TotalVaccinations\
n",
"0 67 Austria 2021-04-30 Pfizer/BioNTech 2273457\
n",
"1 71 Austria 2021-05-07 Pfizer/BioNTech 2604643\
n",
"2 75 Austria 2021-05-14 Pfizer/BioNTech 2904840\
n",
"3 79 Austria 2021-05-21 Pfizer/BioNTech 3283752\
n",
"4 83 Austria 2021-05-28 Pfizer/BioNTech 3620298\
n",
"5 87 Austria 2021-06-04 Pfizer/BioNTech 4047114\
n",
"6 91 Austria 2021-06-11 Pfizer/BioNTech 4487274\
n",
"7 95 Austria 2021-06-18 Pfizer/BioNTech 4944088\
n",
"8 99 Austria 2021-06-25 Pfizer/BioNTech 5391151\
n",
"9 103 Austria 2021-07-02 Pfizer/BioNTech 5784489\
n",
"10 107 Austria 2021-07-09 Pfizer/BioNTech 6116071\
n",
"11 111 Austria 2021-07-16 Pfizer/BioNTech 6392275\
n",
"12 115 Austria 2021-07-23 Pfizer/BioNTech 6644089\
n",
"13 119 Austria 2021-07-30 Pfizer/BioNTech 6856749\
n",
"14 123 Austria 2021-08-06 Pfizer/BioNTech 7035563\
n",
"15 127 Austria 2021-08-13 Pfizer/BioNTech 7161389\
n",
"16 131 Austria 2021-08-20 Pfizer/BioNTech 7255573\
n",
"17 135 Austria 2021-08-27 Pfizer/BioNTech 7314987\
n",
"18 139 Austria 2021-09-03 Pfizer/BioNTech 7367498\
n",
"19 143 Austria 2021-09-10 Pfizer/BioNTech 7423706\
n",
"20 147 Austria 2021-09-17 Pfizer/BioNTech 7495432\
n",
"21 151 Austria 2021-09-24 Pfizer/BioNTech 7570056\
n",
"22 155 Austria 2021-10-01 Pfizer/BioNTech 7652494\
n",
"23 159 Austria 2021-10-08 Pfizer/BioNTech 7765350\
n",
"24 163 Austria 2021-10-15 Pfizer/BioNTech 7873668\
n",
"25 167 Austria 2021-10-22 Pfizer/BioNTech 8000912\
n",
"26 171 Austria 2021-10-29 Pfizer/BioNTech 8117682\
n",
"27 175 Austria 2021-11-05 Pfizer/BioNTech 8336536\
n",
"28 179 Austria 2021-11-12 Pfizer/BioNTech 8758674\
n",
"29 183 Austria 2021-11-19 Pfizer/BioNTech 9284152"
],
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"source": [
"# Problema: Dataset de pingüinos:\n",
"\n",
 "Carga el sigiuente dataset y responde las siguientes preguntas:\n",
"\n",
"```python\n",
"import pandas as pd\n",
"import seaborn as sns\n",
"\n",
"# Cargar el dataset\n",
"df = sns.load_dataset('penguins')\n",
"```\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"1. ¿Cuántas especies diferentes de pingüinos hay en el dataset?\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"2. ¿Cuál es la longitud media del pico de los pingüinos de la especie
Adelie?\n",
"\n",
"3. ¿Cuál es la masa corporal promedio de los pingüinos de la especie
Gentoo?\n",
"\n",
"4. ¿Cuál es la relación entre la longitud del pico y la masa corporal de
los pingüinos?\n",
"\n",
"5. ¿Cuál es la isla con mayor número de pingüinos en el dataset?\n",
"\n",
"6. ¿Cuál es la desviación estándar de la longitud de la aleta de los
pingüinos de la especie Chinstrap?\n",
"\n",
"7. ¿Qué pingüino tiene el pico más largo en el dataset y cuál es su
especie?\n",
"\n",
"8. ¿Cuál es la proporción de machos y hembras en la especie Adelie?\n",
"\n",
"9. ¿Existe una correlación significativa entre la longitud del pico y la
masa corporal en las diferentes especies de pingüinos?\n",
"\n",
"10. ¿Cuál es la distribución de la masa corporal entre las especies de
pingüinos?\n",
"\n",
"11. ¿Cuál es la longitud mínima y máxima de la aleta entre las tres
especies de pingüinos?\n",
"\n",
"12. ¿Cuántos pingüinos tienen una masa corporal superior a 5000 gramos?\
n",
"\n",
"13. ¿Cómo varía la longitud del pico entre las diferentes especies de
pingüinos en las distintas islas?\n",
"\n",
"14. ¿Cuál es la relación entre la longitud de la aleta y la masa corporal
en los pingüinos de la especie Gentoo?\n",
"\n",
"15. ¿Cuántos pingüinos tienen datos faltantes en alguna de sus
características?\n",
"\n",
"16. ¿Cuál es la isla con la mayor variación en la longitud del pico entre
las tres especies de pingüinos?\n",
"\n",
"17. ¿Cuál es la diferencia en masa corporal promedio entre machos y
hembras de la especie Chinstrap?\n",
 "\n",
"18. ¿Qué especie de pingüino tiene la longitud de aleta promedio más
alta?\n",
"\n",
"19. ¿Cuál es la longitud del pico más pequeña registrada en el dataset y
de qué especie es?\n",
"\n",
"20. ¿Cuál es la relación entre el sexo y la longitud de la aleta en los
pingüinos de la especie Adelie?"
],
"metadata": {
"id": "_1cMfErhK3c9"
}
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"source": [
"# Reto, puede emplear IA.\n",
"\n",
"## Dataset de terremotos (USGS)\n",
"\n",
"El siguiente codigo en python permite descargar datos de terremotos a
nivel mundial registrados por [USGS Earthquake Data - CSV
Format](https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/feed/v1.0/csv.php) en el año 2023,
lo puedes modificar para descargar otras fechas:\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"```python\n",
"import requests\n",
"from io import BytesIO\n",
"import pandas as pd\n",
"\n",
"base_url = 'https://earthquake.usgs.gov/fdsnws/event/1/query'\n",
"\n",
"# Parámetros de la búsqueda\n",
"params = {\n",
" 'format': 'csv', # Formato de salida en CSV\n",
" 'starttime': '2023-01-01', # Fecha de inicio (cambiar según
necesidad)\n",
" 'endtime': '2023-12-31', # Fecha de fin (cambiar según necesidad)\
n",
" 'minmagnitude': 5, # Magnitud mínima\n",
" 'maxmagnitude': 10, # Magnitud máxima\n",
" 'minlatitude': -90, # Latitud mínima\n",
" 'maxlatitude': 90, # Latitud máxima\n",
" 'minlongitude': -180, # Longitud mínima\n",
" 'maxlongitude': 180, # Longitud máxima\n",
" 'limit': 20000 # Límite de eventos a devolver (máximo
20000)\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"response = requests.get(base_url, params=params)\n",
"response = requests.get(base_url, params=params)\n",
"df = pd.read_csv(BytesIO(response.content))\n",
"```\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"- **time**: Momento exacto en el que ocurrió el evento, en formato de
fecha y hora.\n",
"- **latitude**: Latitud en grados decimales. Los valores negativos indican
latitudes del hemisferio sur.\n",
"- **longitude**: Longitud en grados decimales. Los valores negativos
corresponden a longitudes del hemisferio occidental.\n",
"- **depth**: Profundidad del evento en kilómetros.\n",
"- **mag**: Magnitud del terremoto.\n",
"- **magType**: Algoritmo o método utilizado para calcular la magnitud del
evento.\n",
"- **nst**: Número total de estaciones sísmicas utilizadas para determinar
la ubicación del terremoto.\n",
"- **gap**: Mayor brecha azimutal entre estaciones sísmicas adyacentes (en
grados).\n",
"- **dmin**: Distancia horizontal desde el epicentro hasta la estación más
cercana (en grados).\n",
"- **rms**: Raíz cuadrada media (RMS) del tiempo de viaje residual de las
ondas sísmicas.\n",
"- **net**: Identificador de la red de datos que fue la fuente principal de
información para este evento.\n",
"- **id**: Identificador único del evento.\n",
"- **updated**: Momento en que se actualizó la información del evento por
última vez.\n",
"- **place**: Descripción textual de la región geográfica cercana al
evento.\n",
"- **type**: Tipo de evento (por ejemplo, terremoto).\n",
"- **horizontalError**: Error estimado en la ubicación horizontal del
epicentro.\n",
"- **depthError**: Error estimado en la profundidad del evento.\n",
"- **magError**: Error estimado en la magnitud del evento.\n",
"- **magNst**: Número de estaciones que reportaron la magnitud.\n",
"- **status**: Estado de revisión del evento (por ejemplo, revisado o
automático).\n",
"- **locationSource**: Fuente de información sobre la ubicación del
evento.\n",
"- **magSource**: Fuente de la magnitud informada del evento.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Construya un heatmap de los eventos que ocurrieron a lo largo del 2023, te
puedes ayudar del siguiente código qeu esta incompleto, emplea la
variable \"depth\"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"```python\n",
"# Crear un mapa de calor de la densidad de terremotos\n",
"fig = px.density_mapbox(df, lat='latitude', lon='longitude', z=' depth ',\
n",
" radius=10, center=dict(lat=0, lon=0), \n",
" zoom=1,\n",
" mapbox_style=\"open-street-map\", \n",
" title=\"Densidad de Terremotos en el Mundo\")\n",
"\n",
"# Mostrar el gráfico\n",
"fig.show()\n",
"```\n",
"0. **¿El gráfico anteior tiene relación con las capas tectónicas?**\n",
"\n",
"1. **¿Qué terremotos tienen mayor correlación en términos de magnitud y
profundidad?**\n",
 " - Puedes realizar un análisis de correlación para ver si existe una
relación entre la magnitud de los terremotos y su profundidad.\n",
" - **Análisis**: Usa una matriz de correlación para ver la relación
entre magnitud, profundidad y otros parámetros.\n",
"\n",
"2. **¿Qué regiones experimentan las mayores magnitudes de terremotos en un
intervalo de tiempo determinado?**\n",
" - Filtrar el dataset por una ventana de tiempo específica y localizar
las áreas con los terremotos de mayor magnitud.\n",
" - **Análisis**: Usa gráficos espaciales con filtrado temporal para
visualizar la intensidad de terremotos por región.\n",
"\n",
"3. **¿Se pueden detectar series de réplicas después de un gran terremoto?
**\n",
" - Después de un terremoto principal, ¿cuántas réplicas se registran en
la misma región dentro de un período corto de tiempo?\n",
" - **Análisis**: Filtros basados en ubicación y tiempo para detectar
réplicas en áreas cercanas tras un gran evento.\n",
"\n",
"4. **¿Existe correlación entre la magnitud de un terremoto y el número de
estaciones sísmicas que lo registraron?**\n",
" - Analiza si hay alguna relación entre la magnitud de un terremoto y el
número de estaciones (columna `nst`) que lo detectaron.\n",
" - **Análisis**: Correlación entre magnitud (`mag`) y número de
estaciones (`nst`).\n",
"\n",
"5. **¿Qué terremotos podrían tener una relación de causa-efecto?**\n",
" - Investigar si un terremoto en una región puede haber desencadenado
otro en una región cercana en un corto período de tiempo.\n",
" - **Análisis**: Análisis temporal y geográfico de secuencias de
terremotos cercanos en magnitud, espacio y tiempo.\n",
"\n",
"6. **¿Hay una relación entre la latitud/longitud y la profundidad de los
terremotos?**\n",
" - Analizar si existe algún patrón espacial relacionado con la
profundidad de los terremotos.\n",
" - **Análisis**: Usa gráficos 3D para visualizar la relación entre
latitud, longitud y profundidad.\n",
"\n",
"7. **¿Cuánto tiempo suele pasar entre terremotos significativos en una
región específica?**\n",
" - Determina el intervalo de tiempo promedio entre terremotos
importantes en una región específica.\n",
" - **Análisis**: Histograma de diferencias de tiempo entre terremotos de
alta magnitud en la misma región.\n",
"\n",
"8. **¿Cuál es la magnitud promedio de los terremotos en diferentes
regiones geográficas?**\n",
" - Calcular la magnitud promedio de los terremotos en diferentes
regiones geográficas.\n",
" - **Análisis**: Agrupación por `place` o región y cálculo de
estadísticas descriptivas.\n",
"\n",
"9. **¿Qué región ha tenido la mayor cantidad de terremotos en los últimos
10 años?**\n",
" - Detectar la región que ha registrado el mayor número de eventos
sísmicos en la última década.\n",
" - **Análisis**: Conteo de eventos por `place` y filtro por fechas.\n",
"\n",
 "10. **¿Cómo se distribuyen los terremotos en función de la profundidad?**\
n",
" - Visualizar la distribución de los terremotos según su profundidad
para ver si hay más actividad sísmica cerca de la superficie o en las
profundidades.\n",
" - **Análisis**: Histograma o gráfico de caja para visualizar la
distribución de la profundidad.\n",
"\n",
"11. **¿Cómo cambia la actividad sísmica a lo largo del año?**\n",
" - Investigar si hay patrones estacionales en la actividad sísmica a lo
largo del año.\n",
" - **Análisis**: Gráfico de líneas que muestre la cantidad de terremotos
mes a mes.\n",
"\n",
"12. **¿Existen patrones espaciales y temporales en la ocurrencia de
terremotos?**\n",
" - Analiza la distribución de los terremotos en el espacio y el tiempo
para detectar si ciertos patrones geográficos o temporales se repiten.\n",
" - **Análisis**: Gráficos de densidad de puntos en un mapa geográfico, o
análisis de clusters para detectar áreas de alta actividad sísmica."
],
"metadata": {
"id": "BanF8ZUUK6Cc"
}
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"source": [
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Series de tiempo\n",
"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jbrownlee/Datasets/master/daily-min-
temperatures.csv\n",
"\n",
"Algunos repositorios y paginas de interes\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"1. https://www.nature.com/sdata/policies/repositories\n",
"\n",
"2. https://paperswithcode.com/\n",
"\n",
"3. https://towardsdatascience.com/31-datasets-for-your-next-data-science-
project-6ef9a6f8cac6\n",
"\n",
"4. https://www.data.gov/\n",
"\n",
"5. https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/index.php\n",
"\n",
"6. https://data.world/datasets/geodata\n",
"\n",
"7. https://matmatch.com/advanced-search?categories=ceramic\n",
"\n",
"8. https://github.com/sedaoturak/data-resources-for-materials-science\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"9. https://guides.library.cmu.edu/machine-learning/datasets\n",
 "\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n"
],
"metadata": {
"id": "BTJU6tetAHRD"
}
}
]
}