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3 views

control-structure

Uploaded by

Rajitha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Control

Structure
Conditional Statements (Decision Making)

❖ Python language provide the following conditional (Decision making) statements.

If statements
Else statements
Elif statements
Nested if statements
If Statement

❖ In Python, If Statement is used for decision making.


❖ It will run the body of code only when IF statement is true.
❖ When you want to justify one condition while the other condition is not true, then you
use "if statement".
Syntax:
Let see an example-
What happen when "if condition" does not
meet
❖ In this step, we will see what happens when your "if condition" does not meet.
❖ Code Line 5: We define two variables x, y = 8, 4

❖ Code Line 7: The if Statement checks for condition x<y which is False in this

case

❖ Code Line 8: The variable st is NOT set to "x is less than y."

❖ Code Line 9: The line print st - is trying to print the value of a variable that was

never declared. Hence, we get an error.


How to use "else statement"

❖ The "else statement" is usually used when you have to judge one statement on the
basis of other.
❖ If one condition goes wrong, then there should be another condition that should
justify the statement or logic.
❖ Code Line 5: We define two variables x, y = 8, 4
❖ Code Line 7: The if Statement checks for condition x<y which is False in this case
❖ Code Line 9: The flow of program control goes to else condition
❖ Code Line 10: The variable st is set to "x is greater than y."
❖ Code Line 11: The line print st will output the value of variable st which is "x is greater
than y"
When "else condition" does not work

❖ There might be many instances when your "else condition" won't give you the desired result.
❖ It will print out the wrong result as there is a mistake in program logic.
❖ In most cases, this happens when you have to justify more than two statement or condition in a
program.
How to use "elif" statement

❖ To correct the previous error made by "else condition", we can


use "elif" statement.
❖ By using "elif" condition, you are telling the program to print out the third
condition or possibility when the other condition goes wrong or incorrect.
❖ Code Line 5: We define two variables x, y = 8, 8
❖ Code Line 7: The if Statement checks for condition x<y which is False in this case
❖ Code Line 10: The flow of program control goes to the elseif condition. It checks
whether x==y which is true
❖ Code Line 11: The variable st is set to "x is same as y."
❖ Code Line 15: The flow of program control exits the if Statement (it will not
get to the else Statement).
❖ And print the variable st. The output is "x is same as y" which is correct
How to execute conditional statement with
minimal code

Syntax:
A If B else C

Example:
❖ Code Line 2: We define two variables x, y = 10, 8
❖ Code Line 3: Variable st is set to "x is less than y "if x<y or
else it is set to "x is greater than or equal to y".
❖ In this x>y variable st is set to "x is greater than or equal
to y."
❖ Code Line 4: Prints the value of st and gives the correct output
Nested If Statement

When there is an if statement (or if..else or if..elif..else) is present inside another if


statement (or if..else or if..elif..else) then this is calling the nesting of control
statements.

Here we have a if statement inside another if..else statement block. Nesting control
statements makes us to check multiple conditions.

num = -99
if num > 0
print(“positive number”)
else:
print(“negative number”)
if -99<=num:
print(“two digit negative number”)
Output:

negative number
two digit negative number

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