DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

1.The data type that takes the values in the form of 0 and 1 in database is
the Boolean data type.

2.Aadya wants to create a connection between two or more tables. Suggest her the
option to accomplish the task.

a) Table b) Form c) Relationships d) Sorting

3. Rudraksh wants that the name column of a table must not be left blank. Help
him to identify the field property for this purpose.
a) Length b) Default c) Entry Required d) Format

4.It enables users to view, enter, and change data directly in database objects.
a. Report b. Query c. Form d. Database
5. Suraj wants to create a database for his clients. For this purpose, she needs to
store the Email IDs of his clients. Which datatype should he use to accomplish this
purpose?
a. Numeric b. Varchar c. Binary d. Boolean
6. The LIKE operator is used in a WHERE clause to search for a specified pattern
in a column's value.
7.Wildcard characters are used to retrieve a particular record from a table that
contains a specified character.
8.Each table can have only one primary key in a database.
9. A Query helps to collect specific information from the pool of data in the
database.
 ➢ Define DBMS - Refer page 215

➢ Features of Database- Refer page 216

➢ Advantages of Database-Refer page 214

➢ Datatypes in Database-Refer page 218

Data model

A Data model in DBMS is a representation of how data is organized and

structured within the database.

Hierarchical Data Model

In this model the data is organized into a tree like structure. The data is stored in
the form of records. A record is a collection of fields and its data values. All these
records are linked to each other at various levels, thereby forming a hierarchy.
Network Data Model

In this model, multiple records are linked to same master file. It is also considered
as an inverted tree where master is present in the bottom of the tree and the
branches contain information linked to the master.

Relational Data Model

Relational database model is the most common type of database model. The data
elements are stored in different tables made up of rows and columns. The data in
different tables are related through the use of common fields. So relations are set
between tables based on common fields. That is why this model is termed as
relational database model.

➢ Define RDBMS.
RDBMS is an advance form of DBMS and is based ona Relational Model.In
this model, a relational database has a set of related tables that are interlinked to
each other on the basis of a common field.It is avery efficient way of
representing data and allows data in a table to be represented in a two
dimesnsioanl form and is known as a relation.

Different types of keys

➢ Primary Key – A primary key or simply a key is a field that uniquely
identifies a row in a table. The key identifier can be the value of a single
column or of multiple columns. The primary key is a unique identifier for
the table.
➢ Foreign Key – If a field or a combination of fields of one table can be used
to uniquely identify records of another table, then that particular field is
 known as the foreign key. This foreign key helps to build a relation between
two table .
➢ Candidate Key – All the field values that are eligible to be the primary key
are the candidate keys for that table. Such fields can neither be left blank nor
can have duplicate values. So in the table Student Marks, Enrollment
Number and Roll Number both are candidate keys.
➢ Alternate Key – Out of the candidate keys, one or two are made as primary
keys. The others are the alternate keys. Hence, if Roll Number is made as the
primary key, Admission Number is the Alternate key.

Your friend owns a chemist shop, he needs to keep records of the medicines with
their id’s, date of purchase, expiry date, price, etc. in a database program.
But he does not have any knowledge about the database. Explain to him
the following to get a better understanding of the DBMS concepts.
1 . What is DBMS? Explain in brief.
2. Name any two database programs which can be used to create a table and store
the data as per the requirement.
3. Which field can be set as a Primary Key?
4. Is it possible to make more than one field as a primary key in your table?
(Yes/No).
Justify your answer.

1. A database management system is a software package with computer programs

that controls the creation, maintenance, and use of a database. It allows
organizations to conveniently develop databases for various applications.
2. Two databases are: i. Microsoft Access ii. MySQL iii. OpenOffice /Libre office
3. Id field will be suitable for Primary Key.
4. No , we cannot make more than one column as a primary key in a table because
it is uniquely identify a record in the table.
What is Referential Integrity? Explain its two purposes.

Referential Integrity is used to maintain accuracy and consistency of data in a

relationship. In Base, data can be linked between two or more tables with the help
of primary key and foreign key constraints.
Referential integrity helps to avoid:
1. Records can be added to a related table, if there is no associated record available
in the primary key table.
2. The values can be modified in a primary if any dependent records are present in
the associated table(s).
3. Deleting records from a primary key table if there are any matching related
records available in associated table.
How Entry Required and Default Value properties of a table field in a
database are different from each other?

Entry Required – if set to yes then it will be necessary for the user to insert the
value in the field which means that field cannot be left blank.
Default Value – A default value can be set for a field if user don’t provide any
value while entering the values in the table.

What do you mean by sorting? In how many ways it can be done

Sorting is the process of ordering or arranging a given collection of elements in
some particular order. We can sort a collection of numbers in ascending
(increasing) or descending (decreasing) order.

Wildcard character

Wildcard characters are used to retrieve a particular record from a table

that contains a specified character.Base provides two wildcard characters “*” and
”?”.The “*” represents one or more characters and the “?” represents only one
character.
Types of Relatioships

In one to one Relatioship, is when one record in one table has corresponding
one record in other table.
In one to many relationship,one record in atable has multiple records in the
other table.
In many to many relationship,multiple records in one table can have multiple
records in another table.

ELECTRONIC SPREADSHEET

1.Percentage function cannot be performed through Subtotal in a Spreadsheet.

2. Solver is the more elaborate form of Goal Seek.

3.Consolidating means combining data in a spreadsheet from different

worksheets into master worksheet.

4. Data consolidation and Goalseek are some of the important data analysis
tools available in LibreOffice/OpenOffice calc.
5.Groupwise calculation of sum ,average,max,min ,count can be done by using the
Subtotal option of Libreoffice/Openoffice calc.
6.Scenarios are what-If analysis tools of L Libreoffice/openoffice calc that helps
you set multiple values for the same cell.
7.Goal seek tool helps you do backward calculation of the input to obtain the
desired output.
8. .ods is the default extension of Libreoffice/Openoffice calc.
9. At the bottom of each worksheet window is a small tab that indicates the name
of the worksheets in the workbook.
10. A cell reference refers to a cell or a range of cells on a worksheet and can be
used to find the values or data that you want that formula to calculate.

Define the terms

(a) Data Consolidation or Consolidate function

Ans:

Consolidate is a function used to combine information from multiple sheets of

the spreadsheet into one place to summarize the information. It is used to view and
compare variety of data in a single spreadsheet for identifying trends
and relationships.
Subtotal
The Subtotal tool in Calc creates the group automatically and applies common
functions like sum, average on the grouped data(Outline). It can group subtotals by
using category and sorts them in ascending or descending order so that one need
not to use filters.

What-if analysis

What-If Analysis involves exploring how changes in input variables affect

the results of a formula or model. This analysis can be conducted with one input
variable or two input varaibles.
Goal seek

Goal seek is a tool used to find the input value required to achieve a desired outcome in a
formula.It allows you to set a target value for a cell and then adjust the value of another cell until
the target value is achieved.
Scenarios

Scenarios are What-If analysis tool . It helps you set multiple values for the same cell
that can be used for calculation or data analysis. After the scenarios are created they can be
edited and formatted independent of each other. You can easily switch between the scenarios
using the dropdown list or Navigator and can create several scenarios for any given range of
cells.
Solver
Solver is another What-If Analysis tool. It is the next advanced form of Goal Seek. In
case of Goal seek you get the desired result by changing one variable where as in case of Solver
you get the desired result by changing the multiple variables. It helps you to find out the best
possible combinations of the multiple variable values for the maximum or minimum desired
result.