CHAPTER 2

Acids, Bases, and Salts

Previous year board questions
1. How will you test for the gas which is liberated when hydrochloric acid reacts with an active metal?
2. Write the name and chemical formula of the products formed by heating Gypsum at 373K.
3. The PH of the sample of the vegetable soup was found to be 6.5. How is this soup like to taste?
4. Which base are called alkalies? Give an example of alkalies.
5. Write the name and the chemical formula of the product formed by the action of chlorine on slaked
lime?
6. Write a balanced chemical equation for a neutralization reaction. Mentioning the physical state of
the reactant and the product?
7. During summer season a milkman usually adds a very small amount of baking soda to fresh milk.
Give one reason.
8. Name the gas usually liberated when a dilute acid reacts with a metal. What happen when burning
candle is brought near this gas.
9. Fresh milk has a pH of 6. When it changes into curd will its pH value increases or decreases why?
10. What would be the colour of litmus in a solution of sodium carbonate?
11. What effect does an increase in concentration of H⁺ in a solution have on the pH of solution?
12. Which gas is generally liberated when a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid reacts with an active
metal?
13. What is the colour of litmus solution of ammonium hydroxide?
14. Which gas is evolved when sodium hydrogen carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid?
15. On adding dilute hydrochloric acid to copper oxide powder the solution formed is blue-green colour
to the solution. Predict the new compound formed which imparts a blue green colour to the
solution.
16. How is the pH of solution of an acid influence when it is diluted?
17. How does the pH of the solution change when a solution of a base is diluted?
18. Arrange the following in an increasing order of their pH value: NaOH solution, Blood, lemon juice.
19. Why should water be never added dropwise to concentrated sulphuric acid?
20. A compound which is prepared from gypsum has the property of hardness when mixed with proper
quantity of water. Identify the compound and write its chemical formula
21. What is neutralization reaction? Give one example.
22. State the chemical name of plaster of Paris. Write a chemical equation to show the reaction between
Plaster of Paris and water.
23. State in brief preparation of washing soda from baking soda. Write balanced chemical equation
involved.
24. What is the colour of FeSO4.7H2O crystals? How does this colour change upon heating? Give
balanced chemical equation for the changes.
25. Classify the following salts into acidic, basic, and neutral: Potassium sulphate, Ammonium
chloride, Sodium carbonate, Sodium chloride.
26. A student dropped few pieces of marble in dilute HCL contained in a test tube. The evolved gas
was passed through lime water. (i) What change would be observed in lime water? (ii) Write the
balanced chemical equation for the above change?
27. What happen when chlorine is passed over slaked lime at 313K? Write chemical equation of the
reaction involved and state two uses of the product obtained.
28. Tooth enamel is one of the hardest substances in our body. How does it undergo damage due to
eating chocolates and sweets? Hoe does tooth paste prevent this damage?
29. (i) Name the product formed when sodium hydrogen carbonate is heated. (ii) Write the chemical
equation for the reaction involved in the above.
30. A compound X of sodium is commonly used in kitchen for making crispy pakoras. It is also used
for curing acidity in the stomach. Identify X What is its chemical formula? State the reaction which
take place when it is heated during cooking.
31. Write the chemical formula for bleaching powder. How is bleaching powder prepared? For what
purpose it is used in paper factories?
32. Given below are the pH value of four different liquids: 7.0, 14.0, 4.0, 2.0. Which of these could be
that of (i) Lemon juice (ii) Distilled Water (iii) 1M Sodium Hydroxide Solution (iv) Tomato Juice?
33. (a) Write the name given to the bases that are highly soluble in water. Give an example. (b) How is
tooth decay related to pH? How can it can be prevented? (c) Why does bee sting cause pain and
irritation? Rubbing of baking soda on the sting area gives relief How?
34. A white powder is added while baking bread and cakes to make them soft and fluffy. Write the
name of the powder? Name its main ingredient. Explain the function of each ingredient. Write the
chemical reaction taking place when powder is heated during baking.
35. Sodium hydrogen carbonate is a basic salt. Justify the statement. How it is converted into washing
soda? Explain.
36. What are strong acid and weak acids? Identify the strong and weak acid from the following:
Hydrochloric acid, formic acid, acetic acids, nitric acids.
37. (a) What is universal indicator? (b) Write the chemical equation involved in the preparation of
sodium hydroxide. Name the Process.
38. A gas X react with lime water and forms a compound Y which is used as bleaching agent in
chemical industry. Identify X and Y. Give the chemical equation of the reaction involved.
39. (i) Name the compound which is obtained from baking soda and is used to remove permanent
hardness of water. (ii) Write its chemical formula. (iii) What happen when it is recrystallized from
its aqueous solution?
40. A compound which is prepared from gypsum has the property of hardness when mixed with proper
quantity of water. (i) Identify the compound (ii) Write the chemical equation for the preparation.
(iii) Mention one important use of its compound.
41. What is neutralisation reaction? Give two examples.
42. What is tooth enamel chemically? State the condition when it start cording. What happen when
food particles left in the mouth after eating degrade? Why does doctor suggest use of tooth powder
/toothpaste to prevent tooth decay?
43. What is baking soda chemically called? Give reaction involved in its preparation. Write one of its
uses.
44. (a) What is an alkali? Give an example. (b) Why do HCL, HNO3, etc. show acidic characters in
aqueous solution while solution of compound like alcohol and glucose do not show acidic
character?
45. Name the product formed in each case when (a) Hydrochloric acids reacts with caustic soda. (b)
Granulated zinc reacts with caustic soda. (c) Carbon dioxide is passed into lime water.
46. (a) Why does aqueous solution of an acid conduct electricity? (b) How does the concentration of
hydronium ions [H3O+] change when a solution of an acid is diluted? (c) Which has a higher pH
value a concentration or dilute solution of hydrochloric acid? (d) What would you observe on
adding dilute hydrochloric acid to (i) solid sodium carbonate placed in a test tube? (ii) Zinc metal in
a test tube?
47. While constructing a house, a builder selects marble flooring and marble table top for the kitchen
where vinegar and juices of lemon tamarind etc., are more often used for cooking. Will you agree to
this selection and why?
48. Five solution A, B, C, D and E showed pH as 4,7,1,11, and 9 respectively when tested with
universal indicators. Which solution is (i) Neutral (ii)Strongly alkaline (iii) Strongly acidic (iv)
Weakly acidic and (v) Weakly alkaline? Arrange the PH in increasing order of hydrogen ion
concentration.
49. You have been provided with three test tube. One of them contains distilled water and the other two
contain an acidic solution and a basic solution respectively. If you are given only red litmus paper,
how will you identify the contents of each test tube?
50. A student dropped a few pieces of marble in dilute hydrochloric acid, contained in a test tube, the
evolved gas was then passed for a long time through lime water. What changes would be observed
in lime water? Write balanced equations for both the changes observed.
51. (a) Write the formula and chemical name of bleaching powder.
(b) Write the chemical equation to represent the action of atmosphere CO2 gas on bleaching
powder when exposed in open.
(c) Why is bleaching powder used in water treatment plants?
52. (a) Three acidic solutions A, B and C have pH = 0, 3 and 5 respectively.
(i) Which solutions has highest concentration of H⁺ ions?
(ii) Which solution has the lowest concentration of H⁺ ions?
(iii) How concentrated sulphuric acid can be diluted? Describe the process.
53. Define water of Crystallisation with two examples. How will you prove their existence in the
examples given by you?
54. (a) Define olfactory indicators. Name two substances which can be used as olfactory indicators.
(b) Choose strong acids from the following: CH₃COOH, H₂SO₄, H₂CO₃, HNO₃
55. Name of type of chemical reaction represented by the following equation:
(i) CaO + H₂O → Ca(OH)₂ (ii) 3BaCl₂Al₂(SO₄)₃ → 2AlCl₃+ 3BaSO₄
(iii) 2FeSO₄ → Fe₂O₃ + SO₂+SO₃
56. (a) Identify the acid and base whose combination forms the common salt that you use in your food.
Write the formula and the chemical name of this salt. Name the source from where it is obtained.
(b) What is rock salt? Mention its colour and reason due to which it has this colour.
(c) What happen when electricity is passed through brine? Write the chemical equation for it.
57. (i) Dry pellets of a base X when kept in absorb moisture and turns sticky. The compound is also
formed by Chlor-Alkali process. Write chemical name and formula of X. Describe the Chlor-Alkali
process with balanced chemical equation. Name the type of reaction occurs when X is treated with
dilute hydrochloric acid, write the chemical equation.
(ii) While diluting an acid Why is it recommend that the acid should be added to water and not
water to the acid.
58. (a) Identifying the compound of calcium which is yellowish white powder and is used for
disinfecting drinking water. Write its chemical name and formula? How it is manufactured. Write
the chemical equation of the reaction involved. (b) Write the balanced chemical equation of the
Chlor-Alkali process?
59. (a) Mention the pH range within which our body works. Explain how antacid acids give relief from
acidity Write the name of one such acid.
(b)Fresh milk has the pH of 6. How does the pH will change as it turns to curd? Explain your
answer.
(c) A milk man added a very small amount of baking soda to fresh milk Why the milk takes a
longer time to set as curd.
60. (a) Define a universal indicator. Mention its one use.
(b) Solution A gives pink colour when a drop of phenolphthalein indicators is added to it. Solution
B gives red colour when a drop of methyl orange is added to it. What type of solution are A and B
and which one of the solution A and B will have a higher pH value?
(c) Name one salt whose solution has pH more than 7 and one salt whose solution has pH less than
7.
61. What is water of crystallization? Write the common name and the chemical formula of
commercially important compound which has ten water molecules as water crystallization. How is
this compound obtaining? Write the chemical equation also: List any two uses of this compound.
62. (a) Three acidic solution A, B and C have pH = 0,3 and 5 respectively.
(i) Which solution has concentration of H+ ions?
(ii) Which solution has highest concentration of H+ ions?
(b) How concentrated sulphuric acids can be diluted? Describe the process
63. The pH of a salt used to make tasty and crispy pakora is 14. Identify the salt and write a chemical
equation for its formation. List its two uses.