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Lab 8 - Compound Pendulum

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Lab 8 - Compound Pendulum

Uploaded by

fateh mehmood
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Mechanisms and Vibrations Lab

Lab Report # 8
Title: Compound Pendulum

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY ISLAMABAD

Name: Muhammad Fateh Mehmood


CMS: 369409
ME-13
Section A
Submitted to: LE Zeeshan

SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING


ENGINEERING
Objectives
1. To investigate the effect of length l on Time period of compound pendulum.
2. To investigate the effect of length h on Time period of compound pendulum.

Introduction
A compound pendulum, also known as a physical pendulum, is a rigid body that oscillates about
a fixed horizontal axis. Unlike a simple pendulum, which is just a point mass attached to a string
or rod, a compound pendulum consists of a body with distributed mass. This means the mass is
spread out over a larger area, such as a swinging bar or a meter stick pivoted at some point other
than its center of mass.

Key Equations
• Frequency (𝝎):

(𝑚𝑙 + 𝑚ℎ)𝑔
𝜔 = √
𝑀𝐿2
𝑚𝑙 2 + 12 + 𝑚ℎ2

• Time Period (T):


𝑀𝐿2
𝑚𝑙 2 + 12 + 𝑚ℎ2
𝑇 = 2𝜋√
(𝑚𝑙 + 𝑚ℎ)𝑔

Apparatus
• Mass
• Rod of length L
• Scale
• Stopwatch
Procedure
1. Measure the total length of the rod L and mass M.
2. Attach the mass to the rod at a distance (l) from the pivot.
3. Measure the length of the string till the center of mass of mass.
4. Hold the mass till 15 degrees and release it.
5. Measure the time taken for ten vibrations.
6. Calculate the time-period for one vibration.
7. Change the length l and h of the pendulum and observe effect on time period and repeat
the experiment.
8. Calculate theoretical time-period and compare with experimental.

Results
T T
theoretical experimental
L (m) l (m) h (m) (s) (s) % error
1 0.54 0.15 1.433 1.501 4.7
1 0.54 0.27 1.414 1.518 7.3
1 0.54 0.33 1.424 1.58 10.9
1 0.64 0.33 1.520 1.615 6.3
1 0.74 0.33 1.617 1.692 4.7

Effect of h on Time Period


1.6
1.58
1.56
1.54
Time Period (s)

1.52
1.5
Experimental
1.48
1.46 Theoretical
1.44
1.42
1.4
0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35
h (m)
Effect of l on Time Period
1.75

1.7
Time Period (s) 1.65

1.6

1.55 Experimental

1.5 Theoretical

1.45

1.4
0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8
l (m)

Calculations
Mass of bob (m) = 0.492 kg
Mass of rod (M) = 0.222 kg
Length of rod (L) = 1 m

Time Period
𝑀𝐿2
𝑚𝑙 2 + 12 + 𝑚ℎ2
𝑇 = 2𝜋√
(𝑚𝑙 + 𝑚ℎ)𝑔

Case 1: l = 0.54m, h = 0.15


0.222(1)2
0.492(0.54)2 + + 0.492(0.15)2
𝑇 = 2𝜋√ 12 = 1.433𝑠
(0.492(0.54) + 0.492(0.15))9.8

Discussion
The experiment was aimed at studying Compound pendulum and observe the effect of
distance of bob from pivot on its time period. Also, the theoretical time period is compared with
experimental time period.
The results show that by increasing the length of the center of mass of rod to pivot, its
time period is also increased as clear from the graph. The formula also shows a direct
relationship between that distance and time. By increasing the distance of bob from pivot (l), the
time period increases almost linearly.
The experimental time period is calculated by taking an average of ten oscillations and is
compared with theoretical time period calculated from formula. Both the results are comparable
and show a slight error.
The errors in the experiment are due to various reasons like Friction losses due to air
damping, and human errors.

Conclusion
The experiment helped us understand the Compound pendulum and observing the effects
of h and l on time period and objectives of the experiment are fulfilled.

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