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CE1202 Engineering ?
Introduction to Infrastructure
Planning Simply, Engineering can be explained as
Overview of Civil the application of scientific and
Engineering mathematical principles to practical ends
such as design, manufacturing, and
operation of efficient and economical
structures, machines, processes, and
Dr. Nirosha Malkanthi systems.
Senior Lecturer
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

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Engineer?
Engineer is a person who practices Professional Engineer?
food engineering. Engineers use their
knowledge and experience to find Those who are licensed to
solution to problems. practice engineering may have
transport more formal designations such
as Professional Engineer/
buildings Chartered Engineer.

energy environmental
crisis pollution

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What is Civil Engineering?

What qualities must an Engineer have?
• Strong scientific knowledge “The profession in which a knowledge of the
base mathematical and physical sciences gained by
• Willingness to learn study, experience, and practice is applied with
• Imagination/ judgment to develop ways to utilize,
economically, the materials and forces of nature
Creativity/Practicality
for the progressive well-being of humanity in
• Innovative spirit creating, improving, and protecting the
• Self-confidence environment, in providing facilities for community
• Coping with uncertainty living, industry and transportation, and in providing
structures for the use of humanity.” (American
• Communication skills
Society of Civil Engineers).
• Leadership skills
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• Time Management
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What is Civil Engineering? Civil Engineer ?

A civil engineer is a person who practices civil
Civil Engineering is the oldest engineering engineering. He/she involves in the application
discipline after Military Engineering, and it was of planning, design, construction,
defined to distinguish non-military Engineering maintenance, and operational techniques in
from Military Engineering new infrastructures while protecting the public
Civil engineering takes place on all levels: in the and environmental health as well as improving
public sector from municipal to national existing infrastructures that have been
governments, and in the private sector from neglected.
individual home owners to international
companies.

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Civil Engineer ? Major areas within Civil

Civil Engineer designs & supervises Engineering
the construction and maintenance of:
❑Construction Engineering
(a)Irrigation Works
(b) Roads, Bridges, Airports, ❑Environmental Engineering
Subways & Harbours ❑Geotechnical Engineering
(c)Buildings & Tall Structures ❑Structural Engineering
(d) Dams, Tunnels & Power-houses ❑Transportation Engineering
(e) Water Supply Systems ❑Water Resource Engineering
(f) Sewage & Drainage Systems
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Construction Engineers
❑ Construction Engineers are the builders of our
future.
❑ The construction phase of a project represents
the first tangible result of a design
❑ Technical and management skills of a
Construction Engineer will turn designs into
reality on time and within the budget.
❑ Construction Engineer applies his/her knowledge
of construction methods and equipment, along
with principles of financing, planning and
managing to turn the designs of other engineers International Convesion Center at
into successful facilities Hambantota BOC - Kollupitiya
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Environmental Engineers

❑ The skills of Environmental Engineers are becoming

increasingly important as we recognize to protect the
resources of our planet.
❑ To translate physical, chemical and biological
processes into systems to destroy toxic substances,
remove pollutants from water, reduce non hazardous
solid waste volumes, eliminate contaminates from the
air and develop groundwater supplies.
❑ To resolve problems of providing safe drinking water,
cleaning up sites contaminated with hazardous
materials, disposing of wastewater and managing
solid wastes.

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Collapse of Buildings – Niigata Earth Quake

Geotechinical Engineers
in Japan - 1964

❑ Geotechnical Engineering is required in all aspects of civil

engineering, because the ground supports most projects.
❑ Geotechnical Engineers develop projects below ground,
such as tunnels and foundations.
❑ Analyze the properties of soils and rock, and determine Mulhalkele –Walapane
the best way to support a structure in the ground. Land slide (June 2003)
❑ Evaluate the potential settlement of buildings, the stability
of slopes and fills, the seepage of groundwater and
effects of earthquakes.
❑ Take part in the design and construction of dams and
retaining walls.

The Leaning Towerof

Watawala Landslide (June 1993) Pisa
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Structural Engineers
❑ Design structures that enclose or span across space.
❑ Structures must maintain their shape while they resist
all sorts of loads in addition to their own weight,
including wind, earthquake, snow, ocean waves, and
temperature effects.
❑ Bridges, buildings, offshore structures, space platforms,
and many other kinds of projects are included within
this exciting specialty.
❑ Use of structural materials such as steel, concrete,
timber, plastic, and even developing new exotic
materials.
❑ Planning and design, as well as visit the project site to
make sure the work is done properly. Golden Gate Bridge Altair Luxury Proposed tower to be
(Eg: Suspension Bridge) Apartment Tower in constructed at
Colombo Rajagiriya

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Old and New Bridge at

New Bridge at Kinniya (Longest Manampitiya
Old Bridge at Ruwanwella
Bridge in Sri Lanka)

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Transportation Engineers

❑ To move people, goods and materials safely and

efficiently. Transportation in Skyscraper
City
❑ To find ways to meet ever-increasing travel needs on
land, air and sea. To design, construct and maintain
all types of transportation facilities, including
highways, railroads, airfields and ports.
❑ To upgrade transportation capability by improving
traffic control and mass-transit systems, and by
introducing high-speed trains, people movers, and
other new transportation methods. Mono Rail in Urban Areas - Malaysia

Expressway in Japan

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Water Resources Engineers

❑ Control of water (in flood mitigation, storm drainage,

sewerage, highway culvert design). Poor Drainage Condition in a
Highways
❑ Utilization of water (in municipal water supply, irrigation,
hydroelectric power development).
❑ Water-quality management (in water pollution control of
rivers, estuaries, lakes and groundwater).
❑ Deals with structural solutions (design of canals, dams,
pipelines, pumping stations, retention/detention basins,
reservoirs), or nonstructural solutions (zoning, education,
and landscaping). Drainage Designs in Expressway in
India

Poor Drainage in Colombo Streets

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Key players in a construction project

 Client
 Consultant
 Contractor

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