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 NINTh EdITION

Chemistry for Today

General, Organic,
and Biochemistry

Spencer L. Seager
University of South Dakota
Weber State University

Michael R. Slabaugh
University of South Dakota
Weber State University

Maren S. hansen
West High School, Salt Lake City, UT

Australia ● Brazil ● Mexico ● Singapore ● United Kingdom ● United States

Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
 This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions,
some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed
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to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. For
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 Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, © 2018, 2014, Cengage Learning
and Biochemistry, Ninth Edition
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein
Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh
may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, except as
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 To our grandchildren:
Nate and Braden Barlow, Megan and Bradley Seager, and Andrew Gardner
Alexander, Annie, Charlie, Christian, Elyse, Foster, Megan, and Mia Slabaugh, Addison, Hadyn, and Wyatt Hansen

Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
About the Authors

Spencer L. Seager
Spencer L. Seager retired from Weber State University in 2013 after serving for 52 years
as a chemistry department faculty member. He served as department chairman from
1969 until 1993. He taught general and physical chemistry at the university. He was also
active in projects designed to help improve chemistry and other science education in
local elementary schools. He received his B.S. in chemistry and Ph.D. in physical chem-
istry from the University of Utah. He currently serves as an adjunct professor at Weber
State and the University of South Dakota where he teaches online courses in general
chemistry, elementary organic chemistry, and elementary biochemistry.

Michael R. Slabaugh
Michael R. Slabaugh is an adjunct professor at the University of South Dakota and at
Weber State University, where he teaches the yearlong sequence of general chemistry,
organic chemistry, and biochemistry. He received his B.S. degree in chemistry from Pur-
due University and his Ph.D. degree in organic chemistry from Iowa State University.
His interest in plant alkaloids led to a year of postdoctoral study in biochemistry at
Texas A&M University. His current professional interests are chemistry education and
community involvement in science activities, particularly the State Science and Engi-
neering Fair in Utah. He also enjoys the company of family, hiking in the mountains,
and fishing the local streams.

Maren S. Hansen
Maren S. Hansen is a science teacher at West High School, where she teaches honors
biology. She has also taught AP biology and biology in the International Baccalaure-
ate Program. She received her B.A. and master of education degrees from Weber State
University. Her professional interests have focused upon helping students participate in
Science Olympiad and Science Fair. Other interests include adventure travel, mountain
hiking, gardening, and the company of friends and family. She hopes to share her love of
science with her two children.

iv About the Authors

Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
Brief Contents

Chapter 1 Chapter 13
Matter, Measurements, Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers 424
and Calculations 2
Chapter 14
Chapter 2 Aldehydes and Ketones 458
Atoms and Molecules 46
Chapter 15
Chapter 3 Carboxylic Acids and Esters 488
Electronic Structure and the
Periodic Law 72 Chapter 16
Amines and Amides 516
Chapter 4
Chapter 17
Forces between Particles 100
Carbohydrates 548
Chapter 5
Chapter 18
Chemical Reactions 144
Lipids 582
Chapter 6
Chapter 19
The States of Matter 174
Proteins 610
Chapter 7
Chapter 20
Solutions and Colloids 210
Enzymes 642
Chapter 8 Chapter 21
Reaction Rates and Equilibrium 250
Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis 668
Chapter 9 Chapter 22
Acids, Bases, and Salts 276 Nutrition and Energy for Life 702
Chapter 10 Chapter 23
Radioactivity and Nuclear Processes 322 Carbohydrate Metabolism 732
Chapter 11 Chapter 24
Organic Compounds: Alkanes 352 Lipid and Amino Acid Metabolism 760

Chapter 12 Chapter 25
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons 390 Body Fluids 788

Brief Contents v

Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
Contents

Chapter 1 2.5 Isotopes and Atomic Weights 57

2.6 Avogadro’s Number: The Mole 58
Matter, Measurements, 2.7 The Mole and Chemical Formulas 63
and Calculations 2 Concept Summary 65

1.1 What Is Matter? 4 Key Terms and Concepts 66

1.2 Properties and Changes 5 Exercises 66

1.3 A Model of Matter 7 Additional Exercises 69

1.4 Classifying Matter 10 Chemistry for Thought 69

1.5 Measurement Units 13 Allied Health Exam Connection 70

1.6 The Metric System 14 Case Study 46

Chemistry Around us 2.1 Chemical Elements
1.7 Large and Small Numbers 19
in the Human Body 49
1.8 Significant Figures 22
Chemistry Around us 2.2 Looking at Atoms 51
1.9 Using Units in Calculations 27
ASk A phARMACIST 2.1 Uprooting Herbal Myths 54
1.10 Calculating Percentages 29 Chemistry tips for Living WeLL 2.1
1.11 Density 30 Take Care of Your Bones 55
Concept Summary 35 STudy SkILLS 2.1 Help with Mole Calculations 64
Key Terms and Concepts 36 Case Study Follow-up 65
Key Equations 36
Exercises 37 Chapter 3
Additional Exercises 43 Electronic Structure and the
Chemistry for Thought 43
periodic Law 72
Allied Health Exam Connection 44
Case Study 2 3.1 The Periodic Law and Table 73
Chemistry Around us 1.1 A Central Science 5 3.2 Electronic Arrangements in Atoms 75
Chemistry Around us 1.2 Are Chemicals Getting 3.3 The Shell Model and Chemical
a Bad Rap? 6 Properties 78
Chemistry Around us 1.3 Effects of Temperature 3.4 Electronic Configurations 80
on Body Function 19 3.5 Another Look at the Periodic Table 84
STudy SkILLS 1.1 Help with Calculations 30 3.6 Property Trends within the Periodic
Chemistry tips for Living WeLL 1.1 Choose Table 89
Wisely for Health Information 32
Concept Summary 94
ASk AN ExpERT 1.1 Does food density matter when
Key Terms and Concepts 95
you’re trying to lose weight? 34
Exercises 95
Case Study Follow-up 35
Additional Exercises 97
Chemistry for Thought 97
Chapter 2
Allied Health Exam Connection 98
Atoms and Molecules 46 Case Study 72
Chemistry tips for Living WeLL 3.1 Watch the
2.1 Symbols and Formulas 47
Salt 76
2.2 Inside the Atom 50
Chemistry Around us 3.1 A Solar
2.3 Isotopes 52 Future 83
2.4 Relative Masses of Atoms and Molecules 53 STudy SkILLS 3.1 The Convention Hotels Analogy 87

vi Contents

Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
 Chemistry Around us 3.2 Transition and 5.8 Energy and Reactions 157
Inner-Transition Elements in Your Smart Phone 89 5.9 The Mole and Chemical Equations 158
Case Study Follow-up 94
5.10 The Limiting Reactant 161
5.11 Reaction Yields 163
Chapter 4 Concept Summary 165

Forces between particles 100 Key Terms and Concepts 165

Key Equations 166
4.1 Noble Gas Configurations 101
Exercises 166
4.2 Ionic Bonding 103
Additional Exercises 170
4.3 Ionic Compounds 105
Chemistry for Thought 170
4.4 Naming Binary Ionic Compounds 108
Allied Health Exam Connection 171
4.5 The Smallest Unit of Ionic Compounds 110
Case Study 144
4.6 Covalent Bonding 111 Chemistry tips for Living WeLL 5.1 Add Color
4.7 Polyatomic Ions 116 to Your Diet 156
4.8 Shapes of Molecules and Polyatomic Ions 118 Chemistry Around us 5.1 Teeth
4.9 The Polarity of Covalent Molecules 122 Whitening 159

4.10 More about Naming Compounds 126 Chemistry Around us 5.2 Electric Cars 162
STudy SkILLS 5.1 Help with Oxidation Numbers 163
4.11 Other Interparticle Forces 129
Case Study Follow-up 164
Concept Summary 134
Key Terms and Concepts 135
Exercises 136 Chapter 6
Additional Exercises 140 The States of Matter 174
Chemistry for Thought 140
6.1 Observed Properties of Matter 176
Allied Health Exam Connection 141
6.2 The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter 178
Case Study 100
6.3 The Solid State 179
Chemistry tips for Living WeLL 4.1 Consider
the Mediterranean Diet 107 6.4 The Liquid State 180
Chemistry Around us 4.1 Water: One of Earth’s 6.5 The Gaseous State 180
Special Compounds 113 6.6 The Gas Laws 181
ASk A phARMACIST 4.1 Are All Iron Preparations 6.7 Pressure, Temperature, and Volume
Created Equal? 123 Relationships 184
STudy SkILLS 4.1 Help with Polar and Nonpolar 6.8 The Ideal Gas Law 189
Molecules 127
6.9 Dalton’s Law 191
Chemistry Around us 4.2 Ozone: Good up High,
Bad Nearby 131
6.10 Graham’s Law 192
Case Study Follow-up 134 6.11 Changes in State 192
6.12 Evaporation and Vapor Pressure 193
6.13 Boiling and the Boiling Point 195
Chapter 5
6.14 Sublimation and Melting 196
Chemical Reactions 144 6.15 Energy and the States of Matter 197
5.1 Chemical Equations 145 Concept Summary 202
5.2 Types of Reactions 147 Key Terms and Concepts 203
5.3 Redox Reactions 148 Key Equations 203
5.4 Decomposition Reactions 151 Exercises 203
5.5 Combination Reactions 152 Additional Exercises 207
5.6 Replacement Reactions 153 Chemistry for Thought 207
5.7 Ionic Equations 155 Allied Health Exam Connection 207

Contents vii

Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
 Case Study 174 8.5 Factors That Influence Reaction Rates 258
Chemistry tips for Living WeLL 6.1 Get an 8.6 Chemical Equilibrium 260
Accurate Blood Pressure Reading 184
8.7 The Position of Equilibrium 262
ASk A phARMACIST 6.1 Zinc for Colds? 188
8.8 Factors That Influence Equilibrium
Chemistry Around us 6.1 Air Travel 195 Position 264
Chemistry Around us 6.2 Therapeutic Uses
Concept Summary 267
of Oxygen Gas 198
Key Terms and Concepts 268
STudy SkILLS 6.1 Which Gas Law to Use 200
Key Equations 268
Case Study Follow-up 201
Exercises 268
Additional Exercises 273
Chapter 7 Chemistry for Thought 273
Solutions and Colloids 210 Allied Health Exam Connection 273
Case Study 250
7.1 Physical States of Solutions 211
ASk A phARMACIST 8.1 Energy for Sale 255
7.2 Solubility 212
Chemistry tips for Living WeLL 8.1 Use Your
7.3 The Solution Process 216 Phone to Help You Stay Healthy 261
7.4 Solution Concentrations 220 Chemistry Around us 8.1 Why “Cold” Does Not
7.5 Solution Preparation 224 Exist 265
7.6 Solution Stoichiometry 227 STudy SkILLS 8.1 Le Châtelier’s Principle in Everyday
7.7 Solution Properties 229 Life 267
Case Study Follow-up 267
7.8 Colloids 235
7.9 Dialysis 238
Concept Summary 241 Chapter 9
Key Terms and Concepts 241
Key Equations 242
Acids, Bases, and Salts 276
Exercises 242 9.1 The Arrhenius Theory 277
Additional Exercises 247 9.2 The Brønsted Theory 278
Chemistry for Thought 247 9.3 Naming Acids 279
Allied Health Exam Connection 247 9.4 The Self-Ionization of Water 281
Case Study 210 9.5 The pH Concept 283
Chemistry tips for Living WeLL 7.1 Stay 9.6 Properties of Acids 286
Hydrated 222 9.7 Properties of Bases 290
STudy SkILLS 7.1 Getting Started with Molarity 9.8 Salts 291
Calculations 234
9.9 The Strengths of Acids and Bases 294
Chemistry Around us 7.1 Health Drinks 237
9.10 Analyzing Acids and Bases 300
Chemistry Around us 7.2 CO2 Emissions: A
Blanket around the Earth 239 9.11 Titration Calculations 302
Case Study Follow-up 240 9.12 Hydrolysis Reactions of Salts 304
9.13 Buffers 305
Concept Summary 310
Chapter 8
Key Terms and Concepts 311
Reaction Rates and Equilibrium 250 Key Equations 311

8.1 Spontaneous and Nonspontaneous Exercises 311

Processes 251 Additional Exercises 318
8.2 Reaction Rates 253 Chemistry for Thought 318
8.3 Molecular Collisions 254 Allied Health Exam Connection 319
8.4 Energy Diagrams 257 Case Study 276

viii Contents

Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
 Chemistry Around us 9.1 Sinkholes 294 11.5 Alkane Structures 361
STudy SkILLS 9.1 Writing Reactions of Acids 298 11.6 Conformations of Alkanes 365
Chemistry tips for Living WeLL 9.1 Beware of 11.7 Alkane Nomenclature 367
Heartburn 299
11.8 Cycloalkanes 373
ASk AN ExpERT 9.1 Does diet play a role in peptic ulcer
11.9 The Shape of Cycloalkanes 375
disease? 308
Case Study Follow-up 309 11.10 Physical Properties of Alkanes 378
11.11 Alkane Reactions 380
Concept Summary 381
Chapter 10
Key Terms and Concepts 382
Radioactivity and Nuclear Key Equations 382

processes 322 Exercises 382

Additional Exercises 388
10.1 Radioactive Nuclei 323
Chemistry for Thought 388
10.2 Equations for Nuclear Reactions 325
Allied Health Exam Connection 388
10.3 Isotope Half-Life 328
Case Study 352
10.4 The Health Effects of Radiation 329
STudy SkILLS 11.1 Changing Gears for Organic
10.5 Measurement Units for Radiation 331 Chemistry 356
10.6 Medical Uses of Radioisotopes 334 ASk AN ExpERT 11.1 Is organic food worth the
10.7 Nonmedical Uses of Radioisotopes 335 price? 362
10.8 Induced Nuclear Reactions 337 Chemistry Around us 11.1 Fracking Oil Wells 376
10.9 Nuclear Energy 340 Chemistry tips for Living WeLL 11.1 Take Care
of Dry Skin 378
Concept Summary 345
Chemistry Around us 11.2 Reducing Your
Key Terms and Concepts 345
Carbon Footprint 380
Key Equations 346
Case Study Follow-up 381
Exercises 346
Additional Exercises 348
Chapter 12
Chemistry for Thought 348
Allied Health Exam Connection 349 unsaturated hydrocarbons 390
Case Study 322
12.1 The Nomenclature of Alkenes 392
Chemistry Around us 10.1 Radiation Exposure
12.2 The Geometry of Alkenes 394
in Modern Life 332
12.3 Properties of Alkenes 398
Chemistry tips for Living WeLL 10.1 Check the
Radon Level in Your Home 336 12.4 Addition Polymers 403
ASk A phARMACIST 10.1 Medications to Avoid on Test 12.5 Alkynes 406
Day 344 12.6 Aromatic Compounds and the Benzene
Case Study Follow-up 344 Structure 408
12.7 The Nomenclature of Benzene
Derivatives 410
Chapter 11 12.8 Properties and Uses of Aromatic
Organic Compounds: Alkanes 352 Compounds 414
Concept Summary 417
11.1 Carbon: The Element of Organic
Key Terms and Concepts 417
Compounds 353
Key Reactions 418
11.2 Organic and Inorganic Compounds
Compared 354 Exercises 418
11.3 Bonding Characteristics and Isomerism 356 Additional Exercises 422

11.4 Functional Groups: The Organization Chemistry for Thought 422

of Organic Chemistry 359 Allied Health Exam Connection 423

Contents ix

Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
 Case Study 390 Chapter 14
Chemistry Around us 12.1 Three-Dimensional
Printers 396 Aldehydes and ketones 458
STudy SkILLS 12.1 Keeping a Reaction Card File 402
14.1 The Nomenclature of Aldehydes
STudy SkILLS 12.2 A Reaction Map for Alkenes 404 and Ketones 460
Chemistry Around us 12.2 Polycarbonate—The 14.2 Physical Properties 463
Lucky Polymer 406
14.3 Chemical Properties 465
hoW reACtions oCCur 12.1 The Hydration of
Alkenes: An Addition Reaction 409 14.4 Important Aldehydes and Ketones 476
Chemistry tips for Living WeLL 12.1 Think Concept Summary 479
before Getting Brown 412 Key Terms and Concepts 479
ASk A phARMACIST 12.1 Controlled Substances 413 Key Reactions 479
Chemistry Around us 12.3 Graphene 415 Exercises 480
Case Study Follow-up 416 Additional Exercises 485
Chemistry for Thought 485
Chapter 13 Allied Health Exam Connection 486

Alcohols, phenols, and Ethers 424 Case Study 458

Chemistry Around us 14.1 Faking
13.1 The Nomenclature of Alcohols a Tan 464
and Phenols 426 hoW reACtions oCCur 14.1 Hemiacetal
13.2 Classification of Alcohols 428 Formation 471
13.3 Physical Properties of Alcohols 429 STudy SkILLS 14.1 A Reaction Map for Aldehydes
13.4 Reactions of Alcohols 431 and Ketones 472
13.5 Important Alcohols 436 Chemistry Around us 14.2 Vanilloids: Hot Relief
from Pain 474
13.6 Characteristics and Uses of Phenols 440
Chemistry tips for Living WeLL 14.1 Get the
13.7 Ethers 443
Right Dose of Exercise 476
13.8 Properties of Ethers 444
Case Study Follow-up 478
13.9 Thiols 445
13.10 Polyfunctional Compounds 448
Concept Summary 449
Chapter 15
Key Terms and Concepts 450 Carboxylic Acids and Esters 488
Key Reactions 450
15.1 The Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids 490
Exercises 451
15.2 Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids 491
Additional Exercises 455
15.3 The Acidity of Carboxylic Acids 493
Chemistry for Thought 455
15.4 Salts of Carboxylic Acids 494
Allied Health Exam Connection 456
15.5 Carboxylic Esters 496
Case Study 424
hoW reACtions oCCur 13.1 The Dehydration of
15.6 The Nomenclature of Esters 500
an Alcohol 433 15.7 Reactions of Esters 502
STudy SkILLS 13.1 A Reaction Map for Alcohols 438 15.8 Esters of Inorganic Acids 505
Chemistry Around us 13.1 Alcohol and Concept Summary 508
Antidepressants Don’t Mix 439 Key Terms and Concepts 509
ASk A phARMACIST 13.1 Marijuana: A Gateway
Key Reactions 509
Drug 441
Exercises 510
Chemistry tips for Living WeLL 13.1 Take
Advantage of Hand Sanitizers 442 Additional Exercises 514

Chemistry Around us 13.2 General Chemistry for Thought 514

Anesthetics 446 Allied Health Exam Connection 514
Case Study Follow-up 449 Case Study 488

x Contents

Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
 Chemistry tips for Living WeLL 15.1 Consider 17.4 Monosaccharides 559
Low-Dose Aspirin 503 17.5 Properties of Monosaccharides 560
STudy SkILLS 15.1 A Reaction Map for Carboxylic
17.6 Important Monosaccharides 566
Acids 504
17.7 Disaccharides 567
hoW reACtions oCCur 15.1 Ester
Saponification 505 17.8 Polysaccharides 571
Chemistry Around us 15.1 Nitroglycerin in Concept Summary 576
Dynamite and in Medicine 507 Key Terms and Concepts 576
Case Study Follow-up 508 Key Reactions 576
Exercises 577

Chapter 16 Additional Exercises 580

Chemistry for Thought 580
Amines and Amides 516 Allied Health Exam Connection 580
16.1 Classification of Amines 517 Case Study 548
16.2 The Nomenclature of Amines 518 Chemistry Around us 17.1 Sugar-Free Foods and
Diabetes 564
16.3 Physical Properties of Amines 520
STudy SkILLS 17.1 Biomolecules: A New Focus 568
16.4 Chemical Properties of Amines 521
Chemistry tips for Living WeLL 17.1 Put Fiber
16.5 Amines as Neurotransmitters 529 into Snacks and Meals 569
16.6 Other Biologically Important Amines 532 ASk AN ExpERT 17.1 Is high-fructose corn syrup worse
16.7 The Nomenclature of Amides 535 for your health than table sugar? 574
16.8 Physical Properties of Amides 536 Case Study Follow-up 575
16.9 Chemical Properties of Amides 537
Concept Summary 540
Chapter 18
Key Terms and Concepts 540
Key Reactions 540 Lipids 582
Exercises 541 18.1 Classification of Lipids 584
Additional Exercises 545 18.2 Fatty Acids 584
Chemistry for Thought 545 18.3 The Structure of Fats and Oils 587
Allied Health Exam Connection 546 18.4 Chemical Properties of Fats and Oils 589
Case Study 516
18.5 Waxes 592
ASk AN ExpERT 16.1 Does caffeine help with weight
18.6 Phosphoglycerides 592
loss? 519
18.7 Sphingolipids 594
ASk A phARMACIST 16.1 A Wake-Up Call for Treating
Insomnia 524 18.8 Biological Membranes 596
Chemistry Around us 16.1 Aspirin 18.9 Steroids 598
Substitutes 528 18.10 Steroid Hormones 601
STudy SkILLS 16.1 A Reaction Map for Amines 531 18.11 Prostaglandins 604
Chemistry tips for Living WeLL 16.1 Try a Little Concept Summary 605
Chocolate 534
Key Terms and Concepts 606
Case Study Follow-up 539
Key Reactions 606
Exercises 607
Chapter 17 Additional Exercises 608
Chemistry for Thought 608
Carbohydrates 548
Allied Health Exam Connection 609
17.1 Classes of Carbohydrates 550 Case Study 582
17.2 The Stereochemistry of Carbohydrates 551 STudy SkILLS 18.1 A Reaction Map for
17.3 Fischer Projections 555 Triglycerides 592

Contents xi

Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
 Chemistry Around us 18.1 Biofuels Move into 20.4 The Mechanism of Enzyme Action 649
the Kitchen 599 20.5 Enzyme Activity 650
ASk AN ExpERT 18.1 How significantly can diet really
20.6 Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity 651
lower cholesterol? 600
20.7 Enzyme Inhibition 653
Chemistry tips for Living WeLL 18.1 Consider
Olive Oil 603 20.8 The Regulation of Enzyme Activity 658
Case Study Follow-up 605 20.9 Medical Application of Enzymes 661
Concept Summary 663
Key Terms and Concepts 664
Chapter 19 Key Reactions 664
proteins 610 Exercises 664

19.1 The Amino Acids 611 Additional Exercises 665

19.2 Zwitterions 614 Chemistry for Thought 666

19.3 Reactions of Amino Acids 616 Allied Health Exam Connection 666
Case Study 642
19.4 Important Peptides 619
Chemistry tips for Living WeLL 20.1 Cut Back
19.5 Characteristics of Proteins 621
on Processed Meat 646
19.6 The Primary Structure of Proteins 625 ASk A phARMACIST 20.1 Treatment Options for
19.7 The Secondary Structure of Proteins 626 the Common Cold 648
19.8 The Tertiary Structure of Proteins 629 Chemistry Around us 20.1 Enzyme Discovery
19.9 The Quaternary Structure of Proteins 631 Heats Up 654

19.10 Protein Hydrolysis and Denaturation 633 Chemistry Around us 20.2 No Milk
Please 656
Concept Summary 635
STudy SkILLS 20.1 A Summary Chart of Enzyme
Key Terms and Concepts 636
Inhibitors 660
Key Reactions 636 Case Study Follow-up 663
Exercises 637
Additional Exercises 639
Chemistry for Thought 639 Chapter 21
Allied Health Exam Connection 640
Nucleic Acids and protein
Case Study 610
ASk AN ExpERT 19.1 Can a higher-protein diet help me Synthesis 668
lose weight? 617 21.1 Components of Nucleic Acids 670
Chemistry tips for Living WeLL 19.1 Go for 21.2 The Structure of DNA 672
the Good Grains 620
21.3 DNA Replication 676
Chemistry Around us 19.1 Alzheimer’s
Disease 624
21.4 Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) 680
Chemistry Around us 19.2 A Milk Primer 629 21.5 The Flow of Genetic Information 683
STudy SkILLS 19.1 Visualizing Protein Structure 631 21.6 Transcription: RNA Synthesis 684
ASk A phARMACIST 19.1 Who Really Needs Gluten- 21.7 The Genetic Code 686
Free Food? 633 21.8 Translation and Protein Synthesis 689
Case Study Follow-up 635 21.9 Mutations 692
21.10 Recombinant DNA 692

Chapter 20 Concept Summary 697

Key Terms and Concepts 698
Enzymes 642 Exercises 698
20.1 General Characteristics of Enzymes 643 Additional Exercises 700
20.2 Enzyme Nomenclature and Classification 645 Chemistry for Thought 700
20.3 Enzyme Cofactors 647 Allied Health Exam Connection 700

xii Contents

Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
 Case Study 668 Chapter 23
Chemistry Around us 21.1 The Clone
Wars 681 Carbohydrate Metabolism 732
Chemistry Around us 21.2 Is There a DNA
23.1 The Digestion of Carbohydrates 733
Checkup in Your Future? 686
23.2 Blood Glucose 734
STudy SkILLS 21.1 Remembering Key Words 688
23.3 Glycolysis 734
Chemistry Around us 21.3 Stem Cell
Research 690 23.4 The Fates of Pyruvate 738
Chemistry Around us 21.4 DNA and the Crime 23.5 The Citric Acid Cycle 740
Scene 694 23.6 The Electron Transport Chain 743
Chemistry tips for Living WeLL 21.1 Reduce 23.7 Oxidative Phosphorylation 743
Your Chances for Developing Cancer 696
23.8 The Complete Oxidation of Glucose 745
Case Study Follow-up 697
23.9 Glycogen Metabolism 747
23.10 Gluconeogenesis 749
23.11 The Hormonal Control of Carbohydrate
Chapter 22 Metabolism 751
Nutrition and Energy Concept Summary 753

for Life 702 Key Terms and Concepts 754

Key Reactions 754
22.1 Nutritional Requirements 703
Exercises 755
22.2 The Macronutrients 705
Additional Exercises 757
22.3 Micronutrients I: Vitamins 708
Chemistry for Thought 757
22.4 Micronutrients II: Minerals 712
Allied Health Exam Connection 758
22.5 The Flow of Energy in the Biosphere 713
Case Study 732
22.6 Metabolism and an Overview ASk AN ExpERT 23.1 How can we avoid energy
of Energy Production 715 crashes? 736
22.7 ATP: The Primary Energy Carrier 718 Chemistry Around us 23.1 Lactate
22.8 Important Coenzymes in the Common Accumulation 742
Catabolic Pathway 722 STudy SkILLS 23.1 Key Numbers for ATP
Concept Summary 727 Calculations 748
Key Terms and Concepts 728 Chemistry Around us 23.2 What Is the Best
Weight-Loss Strategy? 750
Key Reactions 728
Chemistry tips for Living WeLL 23.1 Choose
Exercises 729
Complex Carbohydrates 752
Additional Exercises 730
Case Study Follow-up 753
Chemistry for Thought 731
Allied Health Exam Connection 731
Case Study 702 Chapter 24
Chemistry Around us 22.1 The 10 Most
Lipid and Amino
Dangerous Foods to Eat While Driving 710
Chemistry tips for Living WeLL 22.1 Select a Acid Metabolism 760
Heart-Healthful Diet 711 24.1 Blood Lipids 761
ASk A phARMACIST 22.1 Sport Supplements: 24.2 Fat Mobilization 765
Where Is My Edge? 716
24.3 Glycerol Metabolism 766
STudy SkILLS 22.1 Bioprocesses 720
24.4 The Oxidation of Fatty Acids 766
Chemistry Around us 22.2 Calorie
Language 721 24.5 The Energy from Fatty Acids 769
ASk AN ExpERT 6.1 Is it better to take a fiber 24.6 Ketone Bodies 770
supplement or to eat fiber-fortified foods? 726 24.7 Fatty Acid Synthesis 772
Case Study Follow-up 727 24.8 Amino Acid Metabolism 773

Contents xiii

Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
Other documents randomly have
different content
order of things they stood for. Far from being grateful, they were a
little bored by its attentions. Moreover, these young women had not
learned to regard people to whom the fairies had been less kind with
either insight or sympathy. Their judgments were objective, therefore
they were a little hard, a little lacking in tolerance.

II
“The stage!” said Marjorie with a straight-lipped smile, a rather
famous part of her importance.
“You think so?” said Blanche sleepily. But she was not at all
sleepy, else she would not have been able to handle the Tiger, a
recent purchase, in the way she was doing at the moment.
“No mistaking it, my dear.”
“Good-looking, though,” lisped the somnolent Blanche, giving the
Tiger a very shrewd kick with a roweled heel. “Reminds me of some
one.”
The Tiger, worried by a bit that he didn’t like, and greatly affronted
by the heel of his new mistress, which he liked still less, then began
to behave in a way which for some little time quite forbade any
further discussion of the subject.
For the rest of the morning, however, it was never far from the
minds of these ladies. Two or three times they caught sight in the
distance of Jack and his charge. A striking-looking girl, but she didn’t
in the least know how to ride. And somehow from that fact Blanche
and Marjorie seemed to draw spiritual consolation.
At twelve o’clock they left the Park. The policeman at the gate
pulled himself together and regarded them respectfully. An elderly
lady in a high-hung barouche of prehistoric design, drawn by a
superb pair of horses and surmounted by a romantic-looking
coachman and footman, called out to them in a remarkably strident
voice as they passed her, “I am coming to luncheon.”
“Bother!” said Marjorie to Blanche.
“Bother!” said Blanche to Marjorie.
 They went along Park Lane, as far as Mount Street, turned up
that bleak thoroughfare, took the second turning to the right, and
finally entered the courtyard of the imposing residence known as
Bridport House. Before its solemn portals they dismounted with the
help of the smart groom. In the act of doing so they encountered a
tall, rather distinguished-looking man, who was coming down the
steps. He was about forty-two, clean-shaven, with sandy hair; and
his clothes had an air of such extreme correctness as to suggest that
they had been donned for a special occasion.
The departing visitor bowed elaborately to the two ladies, but
each returned the greeting with an abbreviated nod, backed by an
intent smile peculiarly her own. There might be courtesy carried to
the verge of homage on the one side, but on the other was an
aloofness cold and quizzical.
As soon as Blanche and Marjorie had gained the ample precincts
of Bridport House each looked demurely at the other, and then
yielded a laugh, which seemed to mean a great deal more than it
expressed.
“Been to see papa, I suppose,” said Blanche, as she waddled
duck fashion towards a white marble staircase of grandiose design,
whose cinquecento air could not save it from a slight suspicion of the
rococo.
“My dear!” came Marjorie’s crescendo.
Again they looked at each other, again their laughter snarled and
crackled not unpleasantly.
At one o’clock luncheon was announced. Ten minutes later a
well-bathed and carefully re-clothed Marjorie and a Blanche to match
entered an enormous dining-room, which, in spite of its profusion of
servants in livery, had the air of a crypt.
“Good morning, father. Very pleasant to see you down.”
Each word of Blanche was charmingly punctuated by a little
pause, which might have been taken for filial regard by those who
heard it. But the rather acid-looking gentleman, who sat at the head
of the table, with a face like a cameo a little out of drawing, and a
bowl of arrowroot in front of him, paid such slight attention to
Blanche that she might not have spoken at all.
“Good morning, Aunt Charlotte,” said Marjorie coolly, taking up
her own cue. She surveyed the other occupants of the table with a
quietly ironical eye. And then as she seated herself at her leisure, as
far as she could get from the object of her remarks, she proceeded
in the peculiar but remarkably agreeable voice which she had in
common with her father and sisters: “Odd we should run into you
coming out of the Park.”
“Why odd?” said Aunt Charlotte, an elderly, large-featured
blonde, whose theory of life was as far as possible not to cherish
illusions on any subject. “I always go in at twelve, you always come
out at twelve. Nothing odd about it. Thank you!”
“Thank you,” meant, “Yes, I will take claret.” It also meant, “Get
on with your luncheon, Marjorie, and don’t be absurd. Life is too
complicated nowadays for such small talk as yours to interest an
intelligent person.”
Aunt Charlotte, if not consciously rude, was by nature
exceedingly dominant. For twenty-five years, in one way or another,
Bridport House had known her yoke. She was the Duke’s only
surviving sister, and she lived in Hill Street, among the dowagers.
Her status was nil, but her love of power was so great that she had
gained an uncomfortable ascendancy in the family councils. While
free to admire Aunt Charlotte’s wisdom, which was supposed to be
boundless, the Dinneford ladies dislike her in the marrow of their
bones. But Fate had played against them. Their father had been left
a widower with a young family, and from the hour of his loss his
sister had taken upon herself to mother it. She had done so to her
own satisfaction, but the objects of her regard bore her no gratitude.
From Sarah, who was thirty-nine, to Marjorie, who was twenty-eight,
they were ever ready to try a fall with Aunt Charlotte.
As for their father, he had an active dislike of her. He had cause,
no doubt. More than once he had tried to break the spell of her
dominion, but somehow it had always proved too strong for him. It
was not that he was a weak man altogether, but there is a type born
to female tyranny, an affair of the stars, of human destiny. Charlotte
despised her brother. In her view he was a lath painted to look like
iron, but insight into character was not her strength. She owed her
position in the family to dynamic power, to force of will; but in her
own mind it was always ascribed to the fact that she acted invariably
from the highest motives.
“Muriel not here,” said the conversational Marjorie, looking across
the table to Sarah.
“Gone to the East End, I believe, to one of her committees.”
It would have been nearer the truth for the eldest flower, who was
dealing with a recalcitrant fragment of lobster in a masterful manner,
to have said that Muriel had gone to luncheon at Hayes with the
Penarths. But Sarah, who did not approve of Muriel, and still less of
the Penarths, was content with a general statement whose flagrant
inaccuracy somehow crystallized her attitude towards them both.
Muriel had become frankly impossible. The higher expediency could
no longer take her seriously.
But there are degrees of wisdom, even among the elect. Sarah’s
place was assured at Minerva’s Court, but Marjorie and Blanche
were wiser perhaps in matters equine than in other things. Where
angels feared to tread Blanche, at any rate, for reasons of her own,
had sometimes been known to butt in. A classical instance was
about to be furnished.
“Do tell me.” Blanche suddenly looked Sarah straight in the eyes.
“Has Sir Dugald been to see father?”
There was a long moment’s pause in which Sarah maintained a
stranglehold upon the lobster, while Lady Wargrave and the Duke,
who knew they were being “ragged” by a past mistress in the art,
glared daggers down the table.
“I believe so,” said Sarah in an exceedingly dry voice, followed by
a hardly perceptible glance at the servants.

III
 Over the coffee cups, in the solemn privacy of the blue drawing-
room, the Dinneford ladies grew a little less laconic. They were in a
perfect hurricane of great events. Even they, who seldom use two
words if one would suffice, had to make some concession to the
pressure of history.
“His mother, I understand,” said Aunt Charlotte, seating herself
massively in the center of her floridly Victorian picture, “kept the
village shop at Ardnaleuchan.”
“Then I’ve bought bull’s-eye peppermints of her,” said Sarah, with
a touch of acid humor which somehow became her quite well.
“But it’s so serious”—Lady Wargrave stirred her coffee. “Still he’s
been given the Home Office—so she thinks she moves with the
times, no doubt.”
“Has been given the Home Office?” said Blanche, suddenly
achieving an air of intelligence.
“The papers say so,” said Sarah dryly. “But I don’t think that
excuses him.”
“Or Muriel,” interpolated Aunt Charlotte with venom. “What did
your father say to the man?”
“He was deplorably rude, I believe—even for father. He said the
man had the hide of a rhinoceros, so obviously he had tested it.”
“All very amazing. It is charity to assume that Muriel is out of her
mind.”
“One can’t be sure,” said Sarah weightily. “She says he has such
a good head that one day he must be Prime Minister. After all, she
will be a Prime Minister’s wife!”
“But a Radical Prime Minister’s wife!”
“He may rat,” said Sarah, with judicious optimism.
“He may,” said Lady Wargrave, looking down her long nose. “But
there never was a matter in which I felt less hopeful. What does your
father think?”
 “The man’s a red rag. Don’t you remember the shameful way he
attacked poor father on the Land Question two years ago? What was
it he called him in the House of Commons?”
“‘The Great Panjandrum, with little round button on top,’” quoted
the solemn Marjorie, whose chief social asset was an amazing
memory.
“And after that he dares to come here!” Aunt Charlotte quivered
majestically. “Didn’t your father kick him downstairs?”
“I think he would have done—but for his infirmity,” said Sarah
judicially.
“I had forgotten his gout, poor man. At least, I hope he ordered
the servants to throw the creature into the street.”
“One hardly does that, does one?—with his Majesty’s Secretaries
of State,” said Blanche, whose sleepy voice had an odd precision
which made each word bite like an acid.
Aunt Charlotte hooded her eyes like a cobra to look at Blanche.
But she didn’t say anything. Only experts could handle Blanche, and
even these must abide the whim of the goddess opportunity.
“After all, why fuss?” continued Blanche with a muted laugh
which had the power of annoying all the other ladies extremely. “If
one has to marry one might as well marry a Prime Minister.”
This was such a sublime expression of the obvious, that even
Lady Wargrave, who contested everything on principle, was dumb
before it. Blanche was therefore able to retire in perfect order to the
comatose, her natural state. But in the next moment she reëmerged,
so that a little private thunderbolt she had been diligently nursing
through the whole luncheon might shake the rather strained peace of
the blue drawing-room. She was quite sure that it would be a
pleasure to launch it when the moment came. A sudden pause in the
great topic of Muriel’s affaire told her it had now arrived.
“We saw Jack riding with that girl.” So sleepy was the voice of
Blanche as it made this announcement that it seemed a wonder she
could keep awake.
 “What girl?” Aunt Charlotte walked straight into Blanche’s little
trap.
“Oh, you didn’t know.” Blanche suppressed a yawn. “It’s a rather
long story.”
Still it had to be told. And Blanche, just able to keep awake, told it
circumstantially. The Tenderfoot—the heir’s own name for himself,
which Blanche made a point of using in conversation with Aunt
Charlotte because that lady considered it vulgar—had been seen at
the Savoy with a girl, he had been seen in the Park with a girl, he
had been seen motoring with a girl; in fact, he had been going about
with a girl for several weeks.
“And you never told me,” said Lady Wargrave with the air of a
tragedy queen. She looked from Blanche to Sarah, from Sarah to
Marjorie. A light of sour sarcasm in the eye of the eldest flower was
all the comfort she took from the survey.
“Who is the girl? Tell me.”
Blanche inclined to think an actress. But she was not sure.
“Inquiries will have to be made at once.” Already Aunt Charlotte
was a caldron of energy. “Steps will have to be taken. It is the first I
have heard of it. But I feel I ought to have been told sooner.”
Blanche fearlessly asked why.
“Why!” Aunt Charlotte gave a little snort. At such a moment mere
words were futile. Then she said, “I shall go at once to your father.”
“But what can he do?”
“Do?” Aunt Charlotte gave a second little snort. Mere words again
revealed their limitations.
“Yes?” Blanche placidly pursued the Socratic method, to the
increasing fury of Aunt Charlotte.
“He can tell him what he thinks of him and threaten to cut off
supplies.”
 “Much he’ll care for that!” The cynicism of Blanche revolted Aunt
Charlotte.
That lady, whose forte, after all, was plain common sense, knew
that Blanche was right. But in spite of that knowledge, the resolute
energy which made her so much disliked impelled her to go at once
to lay the matter before the head of the house.
Lady Wargrave found her brother in the smaller library, long
dedicated by custom to his sole use. It was one of the less
pretentious and therefore least uncomfortable rooms in a house
altogether too large to be decently habitable.
For many years the Duke had been at the mercy of a painful
malady which had taken all the pleasure out of his life. He was
nearly seventy now, a man strikingly handsome in spite of a
sufferer’s mouth and eyes weary with pain and cynicism. When his
sister entered the room she found him deployed on an invalid chair,
the Quarterly Review on a book-rest in front of him, and a wineglass
containing medicine at his elbow. And to Lady Wargrave’s clear
annoyance, a tall, gray-haired, rather austere-looking, but decidedly
handsome woman, stood by the Adam chimney-piece, a bottle in
one hand, a teaspoon in the other.
“Perhaps you will be kind enough to leave us, Mrs. Sanderson,”
said Lady Wargrave, in a tone which sounded needlessly elaborate.
Harriet Sanderson, without so much as a temporary relaxation of
muscle of her strong face, withdrew at once very silently from the
room. The bottle and the teaspoon went with her.
As soon as the door had closed Lady Wargrave said, “Johnnie,
once more I feel bound to protest against the presence of the
housekeeper in the library. If the state of your health really calls for
such attention I will engage a trained nurse.”
The Duke took up the Quarterly Review with an air of stolid
indifference.
“I’ll get one at once,” she persisted. “There’s a capable person
who nursed Mary Devizes.”
 The Duke seemed unwilling to discuss the question, but at last,
yielding to pressure, he said in a tone of dry exasperation:
“Mrs. Sanderson is quite capable of looking after me. She
understands my ways, I understand hers.”
“No one doubts her competence.” The rejoinder was tart and
hostile. “But that is hardly the point. The library is not the place for
the housekeeper.”
“I choose to have her here. In any case it is entirely my affair.”
“People talk.”
“Let ’em.”
“It’s an old quarrel, my friend.” Growing asperity was in the voice
of Charlotte. “You know my views on the subject of Mrs. Sanderson.
We none of us like the woman. Considering the position she holds
she has always taken far too much upon herself.”
The Duke shook his head. “I must be the judge of that,” he said.
“But surely it is a matter for the women of your family.”
“With all submission, it’s a matter for me. I find the present
arrangement entirely satisfactory, and I don’t recognize the right of
anyone to interfere.”
The Duke’s tone grated like a file upon his sister’s ear. This was
an ancient quarrel that in one form or another had been going on for
very many years. The housekeeper at Buntisford and more recently
at Bridport House had been a thorn in the flesh of Charlotte almost
from the day her sister-in-law died, but the Duke had always been
Mrs. Sanderson’s champion. Time and again her overthrow had
been decided upon by the ladies of the Family, but up till now the
perverse determination of his Grace had proved too much for them
and all their careful schemes.
They had reached the usual impasse. Therefore, for the time
being, Charlotte had once more to swallow her feelings. Besides,
other matters were in the air, matters of an interest more vital if of a
nature less permanent.
 As a preliminary it was necessary to glance at Muriel and her
vagaries, before coming to grips with the even more momentous
affair which had just been brought to Lady Wargrave’s notice. In
answer to his sister’s, “What have you said to Maclean?” the Duke,
who had swallowed most of the formulas and had digested them
pretty thoroughly, expressed himself characteristically.
“I told him that before I could even begin to consider the question
he would have to rat.”
“Was that wise?” said Charlotte, frowning. “Why commit oneself
to the possibility of having to take the man seriously?”
Her brother laughed. “He’s a very sharp fellow. A long Scotch
head, abominably full of brains. If we could get him on our side
perhaps he might pull us together.”
“You know, of course, that his mother kept the village shop at
Ardnaleuchan?”
“So he tells me.”
“Do you like the prospect of such a son-in-law?”
“Frankly, Charlotte, I don’t. A tiresome business at the best of it.
But there it is.”
“Ought one to treat it so coolly?”
His Grace laid the Quarterly Review on the book-rest and
plucked a little peevishly at the tuft of hair on his chin.
“The times are changing, you see. We are on the eve of strange
things. Still, I took the liberty of telling him that as long as he
remained a Radical and went up and down the country
blackguarding me and mine, I should refuse to know him.”
“And what said our fine gentleman?”
“He was amused. Whether he takes the hint remains to be seen.
In any event it commits us to nothing.”
Charlotte shook a dubious head. “You’re shaping for a
compromise, my friend. And in my view this is not a case for one.”
 “If she is set on marrying the brute what’s going to stop her?”
The question was meant for a poser and a poser it proved.
Somehow it left no ground for argument. Therefore, without further
preface or apology, Lady Wargrave turned to a matter of even more
vital consequence.

IV
By an odd chain of events, Jack Dinneford was heir apparent to
the dukedom of Bridport. In the course of a brief twelve months two
intervening lives had petered out. One had been Lyme, the Duke’s
only surviving son, who at the age of thirty-five had been killed in a
shooting accident—a younger son, never a good life, had died some
years earlier—the other had been the Duke’s younger brother, who
six months ago had died without male issue. The succession in
consequence would now have to pass to an obscure and rather
neglected branch of the family, represented by a young man of
twenty-four, the son of a Norfolk parson.
Jack’s father, at the time of his death, had held a family living. A
retiring, scholarly man, he had never courted the favors of the great,
and the great, little suspecting that their vicarious splendors might
one day be his, had paid him little attention. Blessed with progeny of
the usual clerical abundance and without means apart from his
stipend, the incumbent of Wickley-on-the-Wold had been hard set to
educate his children in a manner becoming their august lineage.
Even Jack, the eldest of five, had to be content with four years at
one of the smaller public schools. It was true that afterwards he had
the option of Oxford or Sandhurst, but by the time the young man
had reached the age of nineteen he had somehow acquired an
independence of character which did not take kindly to either.
One fine day, with a spare suit of clothes and a hundred pounds
or so in his pocket, he set out in the most casual way to see the
world, and to make his fortune. He went to Liverpool, shipped before
the mast as an ordinary seaman for the sake of the experience, and
made the voyage round the Horn to San Francisco. For the next two
years he prospected up and down the Americas earning a living,
picking up ideas, and enlarging his outlook by association with all
sorts and conditions of men, and finally invested all the capital he
could scrape together in a business in Vancouver.
After eighteen months of the new life came the news of his
father’s death. The brothers and sisters it seemed were rather better
provided for than there had been reason to expect. At any rate,
Mabel and Iris would have a roof over their heads, Bill had passed
into Sandhurst, and Frank was at Cambridge. Therefore Jack, little
guessing what Fate had in store, decided to stay as he was, in the
hope that in a few years he would have made his pile. He had a
taste for hard work, and the new land offered opportunities denied by
the old.
Some months later he received an urgent summons to return
home. He had suddenly and unexpectedly become next of kin to the
Duke of Bridport. The news was little to the young man’s taste. He
was very loth to give up a growing business for a life of parasitic
idleness under the ægis of the titular great. But the circumstances
seemed to make it imperative. The powers that were had not the
slightest doubt that it was his bounden duty to go into training at
once. He must fit himself for the dizzy eminence to which it had
pleased Providence to call him.
Sadly enough the tiro sold out, returned to England, and in due
course reported himself at Bridport House. It was the first time he
had been there. He was such a distant kinsman that he had never
taken the ducal connection seriously.
The family’s reception of the Tenderfoot—his own humorous
name for himself—amused him considerably, yet at the same time it
filled him with a subtle annoyance. Five fruitful years out West had
made him an iconoclast. He saw with awakened eyes the arid and
sterile pomposities which were doing their best to put the old land
out of the race. Bridport House was going to spell boredom and
worse for Jack Dinneford.
Still the Duke, as became a man of the world, soon got to the root
of the trouble, and having the welfare of a time-honored institution at
heart, was at pains to deal with the novice tactfully. All the same, he
was far from being pleased by the tricks of Providence. But he made
the young man an allowance of two thousand a year, and exhorted
him not to get into mischief; and the Dinneford ladies, who were
prepared to be kind to the Tenderfoot and to be more amused by his
“originality” than they confessed to each other, chose some rooms
for him in Arlington Street, looked after his general welfare, and
began to make plans for the future of Bridport House. Aunt Charlotte
took him at once under an ungracious wing, and found him a bear-
leader in the person of her nephew Wrexham, a subaltern of the
Pinks, a picturesque young man, reputed a paragon of all the
Christian virtues, and a martyr to a sense of duty.
From this model of discretion the tiro soon received a hint.
Cousin Sarah owned to thirty-eight in the glare of Debrett, Cousin
Muriel had other views apparently, but there remained Cousin
Blanche and Cousin Marjorie—the heir could take his choice, but the
ukase had gone forth that one of them it must be.
The Tenderfoot did not feel in a marrying mood just then, but he
had chivalry enough not to say so to his mentor, who as the
messenger of Eros began to disclose quite a pretty turn of humor. It
was not seemly to offer advice in such a delicate matter, but Blanche
was a nailer to hounds, although she never kept awake after dinner,
while Marjorie’s sphere was church decoration in times of festival, in
the course of which she generally had an affaire with a curate.
Face to face with a problem which in one way or another was
kept ever before his eyes, the poor Tenderfoot seemed to feel that if
wive he must in the charmèd circle, and the relentless Wrexham
assured him that it was a solemn duty, perhaps there was most to be
said for Cousin Marjorie. She was not supremely attractive it was
true. The Dinneford girls, one and all, were famous up and down the
island for a resolute absence of charm. And the Dinneford
frontispiece, imposing enough in the male, when rendered in terms
of the female somehow seemed to lack poetry. Still Cousin Marjorie
was not yet thirty and her general health was excellent.
The heir had now been settled in Arlington Street six months.
And with nothing in the world to do but learn to live a life which
threatened to bore him exceedingly, time began to hang upon his
hands. Moreover, the prospect of having presently to lead Cousin
Marjorie to the altar merely increased a sense of malaise. Here was
an arbitrary deepening of the tones of a picture which heaven knew
was dark enough already. For a modern and virile young man, life at
Bridport House would only be tolerable under very happy conditions.
To be yoked, willy-nilly, to one of its native denizens for the rest of
one’s days, seemed a hardship almost too great to be borne.
While the Tenderfoot was in this frame of mind, which inclined
him to temporize, he decided to put off the dark hour as long as he
could. And then suddenly, while still besieged by doubt, the hypnotic
Princess Bedalia swam into his ken.

V
“It was bound to happen,” said Lady Wargrave. “That young man
has far too much time on his hands. A thousand pities he didn’t go
into the army.”
“Too old, too old.” Her brother frowned portentously. “This
promises to be a very tiresome business. Charlotte, I must really ask
you to lose no time in seeing that the fellow marries.”
It was now Charlotte’s turn to frown. And this she did as a
prelude to a frankness which verged upon the brutal.
“All very well, my friend, but perhaps you’ll tell me how it’s to be
done. Neither Marjorie nor Blanche has the least power of attraction.
They’re hopeless. And please remember this young man has been
five years in America.”
“I would to God he had stayed there!”
The futile outburst of his Grace set Charlotte glowering like a
sibyl. She was constrained to own that it was all intensely annoying.
He was a common young man. He had none of the Dinneford feeling
about things.
“Quite so, Charlotte.” The ducal irritation was growing steadily.
“But don’t rub it in. That won’t help us. Let us think constructively.
You see the trouble is that this fellow has a rather democratic
outlook.”
“Then I’m afraid there’s no remedy,” said Charlotte, “unless the
girls have the brains to help us, which, of course, they haven’t.”
His Grace became more thunderous. “Let us hope he’ll have the
good feeling to try to look at things as we do,” he said after a rather
arid pause.
“I’m not sure that we’ve a right to expect it,” was the frank
rejoinder.
“Why not?”
“His branch of the family has no particular cause to be grateful to
us.”
“Our father gave his father a living, didn’t he?” said the Duke
sharply.
“Yes, but nothing else—unless it was a day’s shooting now and
again, which he didn’t accept.”
“I don’t see what else he could have given him.”
“An eye ought to have been kept on this young man.”
“You can depend upon it, Charlotte, many things would have
been ordered differently had there been reason to suppose that this
confounded fellow would be next in here. As it is we have to make
the best of a sorry business.”
“Sorry enough,” Charlotte admitted. “There I am with you. But I’ll
have inquiries made about this chorus girl. And in the meantime,
Johnnie, perhaps you will speak to him firmly and quietly without
losing your temper.”
“And my last word to you, Charlotte,” countered his Grace, “is to
see that he loses no time in marrying.”
“Easy, my friend, to issue a ukase.” And the redoubtable
Charlotte smiled grimly.
 VI
Soon after four the same afternoon Jack returned to Broad Place
in the garb of civilization. He was in great heart. Milly had some
good-natured chaff to offer as to Mary’s need of sticking plaster. But
the young man turned this persiflage aside with such a serious air
that the quick-witted Milly knew it for an omen. Having learned the
set of the wind she soon found a pretext for leaving them together.
Milly’s sense of a coming event, which her sudden flight from the
room had seemed to make the more inevitable, was shared by Mary.
Somehow she felt that the moment of moments had come. This thing
had to be. But as a hand brown and virile quietly took hers in a
strong grip, she began almost bitterly to deplore the whole business.
And yet, when all was said, she was absolutely thrilled. He was so
truly a man that a girl, no matter what her talent and quality, could
hardly refrain from pride in his homage.
There was no beating about the bush.
“Will you marry me?” he said.
She grew crimson. How she had dreaded that long foreseen
question! Days ago common sense and worldly prudence had coldly
informed her that there could only be one possible answer. The case
of Milly herself had furnished a sinister parallel. And the sensitive,
perhaps over-sensitive pride of one who had begun at the bottom of
the ladder, revolted from all the ensuing complications. Such a
situation seemed now to involve her in mysteries far down within, at
the very core of being—mysteries she had hardly been aware of until
that moment.
Again the question. She looked away, quite unable just then to
meet his eyes. Her will was strong, her determination clear, but in
spite of herself a deadly feeling crept upon her that she was a bird in
a snare. Certain imponderables were in the room. The life forces
were calling to each other; there was a curious magnetism in the
very air they breathed.
She had meant and intended “No,” but every instant made that
little word more difficult to utter. A dominant nature had stolen the
keys of her heart before she knew it. And as she fought against the
inevitable, a subtle trick of the ape on the chain in the human breast,
weighed the scales unfairly. Cousin Blanche and Cousin Marjorie
were flung oddly, irrelevantly, fantastically, upon the curtain of her
mind. The challenge of their ironical eyes was like a knife in the
flesh. And then that private, particular devil, of whose existence, until
that moment, she had been unaware, suddenly forced her to take up
the gage those eyes had flung.

VII
“Do tell me!” cried Milly the breathless.
The sight of a lone, troubled Mary in the little sitting-room, the
look on her face as she twisted a handkerchief into knots and coils
had been too much for Milly. She was a downright person and the
silence of Mary was so trying to a forthcoming nature that the query
at the tip of Milly’s tongue seemed likely to burn a hole in it.
“Has he—have you—did he——?” The demand was indelicate,
but it sprang from the depths as Milly measured them. Suddenly she
saw tears.
“I am so glad, I am so very glad!”
Mary smiled, but the look in her eyes had the power to startle the
affectionate Milly.
“He is the luckiest man I know, but he is such a dear that he
deserves to be.” It was a peculiarity of Mary’s that she didn’t like
kissing, but Milly in a burst of loyal affection was guilty of a sudden
swoop upon her friend.
“Oh, don’t,” said Mary, in a voice from which all the accustomed
gayety was gone.
Milly gazed in consternation.
“You—you have not refused him?”
“No.” And then there came a sudden flame. “I’m a selfish,
egotistical wretch.”
 “As long as you have not refused him,” said Milly, breathing
again. “All the same, I call you a very odd girl.”
But Mary was troubled, Milly perplexed.
“You ought to be the happiest creature alive. What’s the matter?”
“I’m thinking of his friends.”
“If they choose to be stupid, it’s their own lookout.”
“It mayn’t be stupidity,” said Mary, giving her handkerchief a bite.
“I know nothing about him, except——”
“Except?”
“That he’s above me socially.”
“I wouldn’t worry about that if I were you,” said Milly robustly. “If
they like to be snobs it’s their own funeral.”
But Mary, having burned her boats, was afflicted now by Cousin
Blanche and Cousin Marjorie. They were looking down upon her
from their tall horses. It was not that she feared them in the least, but
she knew that lurking somewhere in an oddly constituted mind was a
certain awe of the things for which they stood.
“I can’t explain my feelings,” said Mary. “I only know they are
horribly real. I feel there’s a gulf between Jack and me—and a word
won’t bridge it.” And her voice trailed off miserably.
“That’s weak,” said Milly severely. “I know what you mean, but
you exaggerate the difference absurdly. Sonny is miles above me
socially, but I’ll make him as good a wife as any of his own push, see
if I don’t—if he gives me the chance! And in some ways I can make
him a better.”
“How?”
“Because I began right down there.” Milly pointed to the carpet. “I
know the value of things, I shall be able to see that no one takes
advantage of him, whereas a girl who has been spoon-fed all her life
couldn’t do that.”
 The honest Mary had to allow that there was something to be
said for the point of view, yet she would not admit that it covered all
the facts of the case.
“Please don’t suppose my ideas have anything to do with you
and Lord Wrexham.” Her gravity made Milly feel quite annoyed. “I
am merely thinking of myself. And there’s something in me, for which
I can’t account, which says that it may be wrong, it may be wickedly
wrong, for me to marry Jack.”
“It certainly will be if that’s how you look at it,” said Milly
scornfully. “Why not make the most of your luck? I’m sure it’s right.
After all Providence knows better than anybody. And Jack knows
he’s got to be a duke.”
“Got to be what?” Mary jumped out of her chair.
“You didn’t know?”
“Of course, I didn’t.” She was simply aghast. In a state of
excitement which quite baffled Milly, she paced the room.
“You odd creature!” The mantle of the arch dissembler had now
descended upon Milly.
Truth to tell, she and her mother had had a shrewd suspicion of
Mary’s ignorance. They had learned from Wrexham that Jack
Dinneford, owing to a series of deaths in a great family, had quite
unexpectedly become the next-of-kin to the Duke of Bridport. Such a
prospect was so little to the young man’s taste that as far as he
could he always made a point of keeping the skeleton out of sight.
Rightly or wrongly he had not said a word to Mary on the subject,
and she with a pride a little overstrained, no doubt, had allowed
herself no curiosity in regard to his worldly status. For whatever it
might be it was obviously far removed from that of a girl of no family
who had to get her own living as well as she could.
The news was stunning. As Mary walked about the room the look
on her face was almost tragic.
“I think you ought to have told me,” she said at last.
 “We thought you knew,” was Milly’s reply. This was a deliberate
story. Mrs. Wren and herself in discussing the romantic news had
concluded the exact opposite. But out of a true regard for Mary’s
welfare, as they conceived it, they had decided to let her find out for
herself. She was such an odd girl in certain ways that mother and
daughter felt that the real truth about Jack Dinneford might easily
prove his overthrow. Thus with a chaste conscience Milly now lied
royally.
Mary, alas! was so resentful of the coup of fortune and her
friends, that for a moment she was tempted to fix a quarrel on Milly.
But Milly’s cunning was too much for her. She stuck to the simple
statement that she thought she knew. There was no gainsaying it.
And if blame there was in the matter it surely lay at the door of her
own proud self.
Mary was still in the throes of an unwelcome discovery when Mrs.
Wren came into the room. The appearance of that lady seemed to
add fuel to the flame. Her felicitations, a little overwhelming in their
exuberance, were in nowise damped by the girl’s dejection. To Mrs.
Wren such an attitude of mind was not merely unreasonable, it was
unchristian. To call in question the highest gifts of Providence
betrayed a kink in a charming character.
“Fancy, my dear—a duchess. You’ll be next in rank to royalty.”
It was so hard for the victim to smother the tempest within that for
the moment she dare not trust herself to speak.
“You’re very naughty,” said Mrs. Wren. “Why, you ought to offer
up a prayer. You’ve had success too easily, the road has been too
smooth. If you’d had a smaller talent and you’d had an awful struggle
to get there, you’d know better than to crab your luck.”
A strong will now came to Mary’s aid. And the calm force of her
answer, when at last she was able to make it, astonished Milly and
her mother. “That’s one side of the case, Mrs. Wren,” she said in a
new tone. “But there’s another, you know.”
“There is only one side for you, my dear,” said the older woman
stoutly. “Take your chances while you may—that’s my advice. Your