‫اﺻﻮل ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ‬

‫‪Fundamentals of Earthquake Engineering‬‬

‫دا ه ﻨﺪ ﯽ ان‬

‫ﻣﺪرس‪ :‬وﺣﯿﺪ ﺑﺮوﺟﺮدﯾﺎن‬

‫داﻧﺸﯿﺎر ﮔﺮوه ﺳﺎزه‪ ،‬زﻟﺰﻟﻪ و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬
 ‫اﺻﻮل ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ و ﺑﺎد‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ :2‬ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ آزادي ﺧﻄﯽ‬

‫‪ 1.2‬درﺟﻪ آزادي دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ‬

‫‪ 2.2‬راﺑﻄﻪ ﻧﯿﺮو ـ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﺷﮑﻞ‬

‫‪ 3.2‬ﻧﯿﺮوي ﻣﯿﺮاﮔﺮ‬

‫‪ 4.2‬ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎدل دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ‬

‫‪ 5.2‬ارﺗﻌﺎش آزاد ﻧﺎﻣﯿﺮا‬

‫‪ 6.2‬ارﺗﻌﺎش آزاد ﻣﯿﺮا‬

‫‪ 7.2‬ارﺗﻌﺎش واداﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎرﻣﻮﻧﯿﮏ‪ :‬ﻧﺎﻣﯿﺮا‬

‫‪ 8.2‬ارﺗﻌﺎش واداﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎرﻣﻮﻧﯿﮏ‪ :‬ﻣﯿﺮا‬

‫‪ 9.2‬ارﺗﻌﺎش واداﺷﺘﻪ دﻟﺨﻮاه‪ :‬روش اﻧﺘﮕﺮال دوﻫﺎﻣﻞ و روش ﻋﺪدي ﻧﯿﻮﻣﺎرك‬

‫‪IUST/Civil Eng./V.Broujerdian‬‬
 ‫اﺻﻮل ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ و ﺑﺎد‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ :2‬ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ آزادي ﺧﻄﯽ‬

‫‪ 1.2‬درﺟﻪ آزادي دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ‬

‫‪1 DOF‬‬

‫‪Lumped Mass‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﮑﺎنﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ اﺟﺮام ﺳﺎزه‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻧﯿﺮوﻫﺎي اﯾﻨﺮﺳﯽ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ‬
‫‪2 DOFs‬‬
‫‪DOF‬‬ ‫دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ‪،‬‬ ‫آزادي‬ ‫درﺟﻪ‬
‫)‪(Dynamic Degrees of Freedom‬‬

‫ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد‬
‫‪4 DOFs‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬

‫‪Infinite DOFs‬‬

‫‪Distributed Mass‬‬

‫‪IUST/Civil Eng./V.Broujerdian‬‬
 ‫اﺻﻮل ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ و ﺑﺎد‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ :2‬ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ آزادي ﺧﻄﯽ‬

‫‪ 1.2‬درﺟﻪ آزادي دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ‬

‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً ﺗﻌﺪاد درﺟﻪ آزادي دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از ﺗﻌﺪاد درﺟﺎت آزادي اﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮑﯽ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺳﺨﺘﯽ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ اﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮑﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ درﺟﻪ آزادي اﺳﺖ )ﯾﮏ اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﯽ و دو دوراﻧﯽ(‬

‫ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ اﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺎر ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ‪ ،‬ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ آزادي اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﯽ دارﯾﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪IUST/Civil Eng./V.Broujerdian‬‬
 ‫اﺻﻮل ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ و ﺑﺎد‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ :2‬ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ آزادي ﺧﻄﯽ‬

‫‪ 1.2‬درﺟﻪ آزادي دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ‬

‫‪IUST/Civil Eng./V.Broujerdian‬‬
 ‫اﺻﻮل ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ و ﺑﺎد‬

‫ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ آزادي ﺧﻄﯽ‬:2 ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬

‫ درﺟﻪ آزادي دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ‬1.2

symmetric-plan

2D Analysis
In this idealization, the beams
and floor systems are rigid
(infinitely stiff) in flexure, and
several factors are neglected:
axial deformation of the beams
multistory
columns,buildings
Simplified 2D shear model
and and the effect of Simplified mass-column model
axial force on the stiffness of (no rotational degrees of freedom)
the columns.

Infinite DOFs 3 DOFs 3 DOFs

IUST/Civil Eng./V.Broujerdian

‫ﺳﺎدهﺳﺎزي ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ‬

 ‫اﺻﻮل ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ و ﺑﺎد‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ :2‬ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ آزادي ﺧﻄﯽ‬

‫‪ 2.2‬راﺑﻄﻪ ﻧﯿﺮو ـ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﺷﮑﻞ‬

‫ﻗﺒﻞ از ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻗﺎب ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ‪ ،‬ﻧﯿﺎز‬

‫اﺳﺖ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ اﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮑﯽ ﻗﺎب را ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﭼﺮﺧﻪاي‬
‫ﺷﺒﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮑﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﯿﻢ‪.‬‬

‫رﻓﺘﺎر اﻻﺳﺘﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﯿﮏ‬ ‫رﻓﺘﺎر اﻻﺳﺘﯿﮏ ﺧﻄﯽ‬ ‫=‬

‫‪IUST/Civil Eng./V.Broujerdian‬‬
 ‫اﺻﻮل ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ و ﺑﺎد‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ :2‬ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ آزادي ﺧﻄﯽ‬

‫=‬ ‫‪ 2.2‬راﺑﻄﻪ ﻧﯿﺮو ـ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﺷﮑﻞ‪ :‬ﺣﺎﻟﺖ اﻻﺳﺘﯿﮏ ﺧﻄﯽ‬

‫‪12‬‬
‫‪Extreme case 1:‬‬ ‫⟹ ∞=‬ ‫=‬
‫‪ℎ‬‬

‫‪3‬‬
‫‪Extreme case 2:‬‬ ‫‪=0‬‬ ‫⟹‬ ‫=‬
‫‪ℎ‬‬

‫‪IUST/Civil Eng./V.Broujerdian‬‬
 ‫اﺻﻮل ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ و ﺑﺎد‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ :2‬ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ آزادي ﺧﻄﯽ‬

‫=‬ ‫‪ 2.2‬راﺑﻄﻪ ﻧﯿﺮو ـ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﺷﮑﻞ‪ :‬ﺣﺎﻟﺖ اﻻﺳﺘﯿﮏ ﺧﻄﯽ‬

‫‪Intermediate case:‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺳﺨﺘﯽ از روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﯾﺴﯽ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ اﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮑﯽ‬

‫‪:‬‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺮوي ﻻزم در ﮔﺮه ‪ i‬ﺑﻪ ازاء ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﯾﯽ واﺣﺪ در ﮔﺮه ‪j‬‬

‫=‬ ‫⟹‬ ‫=‬

‫‪IUST/Civil Eng./V.Broujerdian‬‬
 ‫اﺻﻮل ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ و ﺑﺎد‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ :2‬ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ آزادي ﺧﻄﯽ‬

‫=‬ ‫‪ 2.2‬راﺑﻄﻪ ﻧﯿﺮو ـ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﺷﮑﻞ‪ :‬ﺣﺎﻟﺖ اﻻﺳﺘﯿﮏ ﺧﻄﯽ‬

‫‪Intermediate case:‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺳﺨﺘﯽ از روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﯾﺴﯽ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ اﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮑﯽ‬

‫=‬

‫‪IUST/Civil Eng./V.Broujerdian‬‬
 ‫اﺻﻮل ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ و ﺑﺎد‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ :2‬ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ آزادي ﺧﻄﯽ‬

‫=‬ ‫‪ 2.2‬راﺑﻄﻪ ﻧﯿﺮو ـ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﺷﮑﻞ‪ :‬ﺣﺎﻟﺖ اﻻﺳﺘﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﯿﮏ‬

‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎم زﻟﺰﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﺷﺪﯾﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﺗﺴﻠﯿﻢ ﻓﻮﻻد در ﻧﻘﺎط ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﺗﺮكﺧﻮردﮔﯽ ﮐﺸﺸﯽ ﯾﺎ آﺳﯿﺐدﯾﺪﮔﯽ ﻓﺸﺎري ﺑﺘﻦ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ،‬در ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از‬ ‫اﮐﺜﺮ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎ وارد ﺣﻮزه رﻓﺘﺎر ﻏﯿﺮﺧﻄﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ داﺷﺘﻦ ﺳﺨﺘﯽ اﻻﺳﺘﯿﮏ اوﻟﯿﻪ ﻗﺎب‪ ، ،‬و ﻧﯿﺮوي ﺗﺴﻠﯿﻢ ﻗﺎب‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ‪ ،‬از ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ اﯾﺪهآل ﺧﻄﯽ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ ﻗﺎبﻫﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽﺷﻮد‪.‬‬

‫‪IUST/Civil Eng./V.Broujerdian‬‬
 ‫اﺻﻮل ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ و ﺑﺎد‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ :2‬ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ آزادي ﺧﻄﯽ‬

‫‪ 3.2‬ﻧﯿﺮوي ﻣﯿﺮاﮔﺮ )‪(Damping Force‬‬

‫• اﻣﮑﺎن ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ رﯾﺎﺿﯽوار ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺴﻢﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﺮاﯾﯽ وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪارد‪ .‬ﻟﺬا‬ ‫ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ارﺗﻌﺎش در ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎي واﻗﻌﯽ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ از‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﺮاي ﺷﺒﯿﻪﺳﺎزي ﻣﯿﺮاﯾﯽ ذاﺗﯽ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ‪ ،SDF‬از‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪادي ﻧﻮﺳﺎن ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد‪ .‬اﯾﻦ ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ را ﻣﯿﺮاﯾﯽ‬
‫)‪(Equivalent Viscous Damping‬‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺮاﯾﯽوﯾﺴﮑﻮزﻣﻌﺎدل‬ ‫)‪ (Damping‬ﻣﯽﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫=‬ ‫̇‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺴﻢﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﯿﺮاﯾﯽ در‬ ‫•‬
‫‪ c‬ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻣﯿﺮاﯾﯽ وﯾﺴﮑﻮز اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ارﺗﻌﺎش آزاد ﯾﺎ ارﺗﻌﺎش‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪوده ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﺷﮑﻞﻫﺎي اﻻﺳﺘﯿﮏ ﺳﺎزه ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪force–deformation‬‬ ‫واداﺷﺘﻪ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪hysteresis loop‬‬ ‫= ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ در ﻣﻮاد ̇ ‪,‬‬
‫• ﺑﺮاي ﺷﺒﯿﻪﺳﺎزي ﻣﯿﺮاﯾﯽ ﻫﯿﺴﺘﺮزﯾﺲ‬ ‫اﺻﻄﮑﺎك داﺧﻠﯽ ﻣﺎده‪ ،‬اﺻﻄﮑﺎك در ﻣﺤﻞ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬
‫در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﺷﮑﻞﻫﺎي ﻏﯿﺮاﻻﺳﺘﯿﮏ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﻓﻮﻻدي‪ ،‬ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﺗﺮكﻫﺎ در ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي‬
‫=ﻗﺎب ﭘﻠﮑﺴﯽ ﮔﻠﺲ روي ﻣﯿﺰ ﻟﺮزان‬
‫ﻏﯿﺮﺧﻄﯽ آﻟﻮﻣﯿﻨﯿﻮﻣﯽ و‬
‫ارﺗﻌﺎش آزاد ﻗﺎب‬
‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺶراﺑﻄﻪ‬
‫از‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻨﯽ‪ ،‬اﺻﻄﮑﺎك ﺑﯿﻦ اﺟﺰاي ﺳﺎزهاي و ﻏﯿﺮﺳﺎزهاي‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽﺷﻮد‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﭘﺎرﺗﯿﺸﻦﻫﺎ‬

‫‪IUST/Civil Eng./V.Broujerdian‬‬
 ‫اﺻﻮل ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ و ﺑﺎد‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ :2‬ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ آزادي ﺧﻄﯽ‬

‫‪ 4.2‬ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎدل دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ‬

‫) (‬

‫=‬
‫) (‬
‫=‬

‫ﻣﺪل ﺟﺮم و ﻓﻨﺮ و ﻣﯿﺮاﮔﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺪل ﺟﺮم و ﺳﺘﻮن‬

‫ﻣﺪل ﻗﺎب ﯾﮏ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﯾﮏ دﻫﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫)‪Viscous damper (dashpot‬‬

‫‪IUST/Civil Eng./V.Broujerdian‬‬
 ‫اﺻﻮل ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ و ﺑﺎد‬

‫ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ آزادي ﺧﻄﯽ‬:2 ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬

‫ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎدل دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ‬4.2

( ) :1 ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬

Newton’s Second Law of Motion: = ̈

= ( )
= ̇ − − = ̈ ̈+ ̇ + ku = P(t)

D’Alembert’s principle of dynamic equilibrium (non-inertial frame of reference):

=0
( )
+ + − ( )=0 ̈+ ̇ + ku = P(t)
‫ ﻧﯿﺮوي اﯾﻨﺮﺳﯽ‬: = ̈
IUST/Civil Eng./V.Broujerdian
 ‫اﺻﻮل ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ و ﺑﺎد‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ :2‬ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ آزادي ﺧﻄﯽ‬

‫‪ 4.2‬ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎدل دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:2‬‬
‫‪ :‬ﻧﯿﺮوي ﻓﻨﺮ‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪ :‬ﻧﯿﺮوي ﻣﯿﺮاﮔﺮ‬ ‫=‬ ‫̇‬ ‫=‬ ‫̇‬

‫) (‬
‫‪ :‬ﻧﯿﺮوي اﯾﻨﺮﺳﯽ‬ ‫=‬ ‫̈‬ ‫=‬ ‫̈‬
‫) (‬

‫‪=0‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪=0‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫⇒‬ ‫‪̈+‬‬ ‫)‪̇ + ku = P(t‬‬
‫̇ = ̇ ∴‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫̈ = ̈‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ‪ u‬ﭘﺎﺳﺦ دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ اﺳﺖ و ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ دﯾﻔﺮاﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺑﺮ آن ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ از وزن و ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮑﯽ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪IUST/Civil Eng./V.Broujerdian‬‬
 ‫اﺻﻮل ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ و ﺑﺎد‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ :2‬ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ آزادي ﺧﻄﯽ‬

‫) (‬ ‫‪ 4.2‬ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎدل دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ‬

‫‪ :‬ﻧﯿﺮوي ﻓﻨﺮ‬ ‫=‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:3‬‬

‫‪ :‬ﻧﯿﺮوي ﻣﯿﺮاﮔﺮ‬ ‫=‬ ‫̇‬

‫‪ :‬ﻧﯿﺮوي اﯾﻨﺮﺳﯽ‬ ‫=‬ ‫̈‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪̈ +‬‬ ‫̈‬

‫‪=0‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪=0‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪̈+‬‬ ‫̈ ‪̇ + ku = −m‬‬

‫‪effective earthquake force‬‬ ‫) (‬

‫‪IUST/Civil Eng./V.Broujerdian‬‬
 ‫اﺻﻮل ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ و ﺑﺎد‬

‫ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ آزادي ﺧﻄﯽ‬:2 ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬

‫ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎدل دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ‬4.2

‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺑﺮ ارﺗﻌﺎش ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺟﺮم و ﺳﺘﻮن را ﺗﺤﺖ اﺛﺮ ﺷﺘﺎب دوراﻧﯽ ﺗﮑﯿﻪﮔﺎه ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ :4 ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬
.‫ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‬
‫ ﻧﯿﺮوي ﻓﻨﺮ‬: =
=ℎ +
‫ ﻧﯿﺮوي ﻣﯿﺮاﮔﺮ‬: = ̇
‫ ﻧﯿﺮوي اﯾﻨﺮﺳﯽ‬: = ̈ = ℎ ̈ + ̈
Although the rotational components of
ground motion are not measured during =0 ⇒ + + =0
earthquakes, they can be estimated from
the measured translational components. ⇒ ̈+ ̇ + ku = −mℎ ̈

effective earthquake force ( )

IUST/Civil Eng./V.Broujerdian
 ‫اﺻﻮل ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ و ﺑﺎد‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ :2‬ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ آزادي ﺧﻄﯽ‬

‫‪ 4.2‬ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎدل دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ :5‬اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت دﯾﻔﺮاﻧﺴﯿﻞ‬

‫‪=1‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫ارﺗﻌﺎش آزاد ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﯾﮏ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﯾﮏ دﻫﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫در ﺟﻬﺎت ﺷﻤﺎﻟﯽ ـ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ و ﺷﺮﻗﯽ ـ ﻏﺮﺑﯽ‪.‬‬

‫)‪̈ + ̇ + ku = P(t‬‬
‫‪̈ + ku = 0‬‬
‫‪Data:‬‬ ‫= وزن ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻟﺮزهاي در ﺗﺮاز ﺑﺎم‬

‫‪Solution:‬‬

‫‪IUST/Civil Eng./V.Broujerdian‬‬
 ‫اﺻﻮل ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ و ﺑﺎد‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ :2‬ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ آزادي ﺧﻄﯽ‬

‫‪ 4.2‬ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎدل دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ :5‬اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت دﯾﻔﺮاﻧﺴﯿﻞ‬

‫‪=1‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫ارﺗﻌﺎش آزاد ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﯾﮏ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﯾﮏ دﻫﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫در ﺟﻬﺎت ﺷﻤﺎﻟﯽ ـ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ و ﺷﺮﻗﯽ ـ ﻏﺮﺑﯽ‪.‬‬

‫)‪̈ + ̇ + ku = P(t‬‬
‫‪̈ + ku = 0‬‬
‫‪Data:‬‬ ‫= وزن ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻟﺮزهاي در ﺗﺮاز ﺑﺎم‬

‫‪Solution:‬‬ ‫‪Stiffness in North-south direction‬‬

‫‪IUST/Civil Eng./V.Broujerdian‬‬
 ‫اﺻﻮل ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ و ﺑﺎد‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ :2‬ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ آزادي ﺧﻄﯽ‬

‫‪ 4.2‬ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎدل دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ :5‬اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت دﯾﻔﺮاﻧﺴﯿﻞ‬

‫‪=1‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫ارﺗﻌﺎش آزاد ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﯾﮏ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﯾﮏ دﻫﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫در ﺟﻬﺎت ﺷﻤﺎﻟﯽ ـ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ و ﺷﺮﻗﯽ ـ ﻏﺮﺑﯽ‪.‬‬

‫)‪̈ + ̇ + ku = P(t‬‬
‫‪̈ + ku = 0‬‬
‫‪Data:‬‬ ‫= وزن ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻟﺮزهاي در ﺗﺮاز ﺑﺎم‬

‫‪Solution:‬‬ ‫‪Stiffness in East-west direction‬‬

‫⟹‬

‫ﻧﮑﺘﻪ‪ :‬از ﺳﺨﺘﯽ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻗﻄﺮي ﻓﺸﺎري وﻧﯿﺰ ﺳﺨﺘﯽ ﺳﺘﻮﻧﻬﺎ در ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﺮﻗﯽ ـ ﻏﺮﺑﯽ ﺻﺮﻓﻨﻈﺮ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪IUST/Civil Eng./V.Broujerdian‬‬
 ‫اﺻﻮل ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ و ﺑﺎد‬

‫ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ آزادي ﺧﻄﯽ‬:2 ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬

‫ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎدل دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ‬4.2

Example 6: A 375-ft-long concrete, box-girder bridge on four supports—two abutments and two
symmetrically located bents—is shown in Fig. E1.3. The cross-sectional area of the bridge deck is
123 ft2. The weight of the bridge is idealized as lumped at the deck level; the unit
weight of concrete is 150 lb/ft3. The weight of the bents may be neglected. Each bent
consists of three 25-ft-tall columns of circular cross section with Iy’= Iz’ = 13 ft4.
Formulate the equation of motion governing free vibration in the longitudinal direction.
The elastic modulus of concrete is E = 3000 ksi.

IUST/Civil Eng./V.Broujerdian
 ‫اﺻﻮل ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ و ﺑﺎد‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ :2‬ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ آزادي ﺧﻄﯽ‬

‫‪ 4.2‬ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎدل دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ‬

‫‪Solution:‬‬

‫‪IUST/Civil Eng./V.Broujerdian‬‬
 ‫اﺻﻮل ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ و ﺑﺎد‬

‫ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ آزادي ﺧﻄﯽ‬:2 ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬

‫ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎدل دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ‬4.2

Example 7: Derive the equation of motion of the weight w
suspended from a spring at the free end of the cantilever
steel beam shown in the figure. For steel, E = 29,000 ksi.
Neglect the mass of the beam and spring.

=0 ⟹ + − − =0

= = + = +

effective = ̈ = ̈
stiffness
̈+ =

To calculate the effective stiffness, the force fs is applied and the deflection
is calculated: 1 1 1
= + ⟹ = +
⟹ =13.4 lb/in.
3
IUST/Civil Eng./V.Broujerdian = = 39.5 .
 ‫اﺻﻮل ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ و ﺑﺎد‬

‫ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ آزادي ﺧﻄﯽ‬:2 ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬

‫ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎدل دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ‬4.2

Example 8: Derive the equation governing the free motion of
a simple pendulum, which consists of a point mass m
suspended by a light string of length L.

= ̈
(D’Alembert’s fictitious inertia)
= ̇

=0 ⟹

IUST/Civil Eng./V.Broujerdian
 ‫اﺻﻮل ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ و ﺑﺎد‬

‫ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ آزادي ﺧﻄﯽ‬:2 ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬

‫ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎدل دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ‬4.2

Example 9: The system in the figure consists of a weight w
attached to a rigid massless bar of length L joined to its
support by a rotational spring of stiffness k. Derive the
equation of motion. Neglect rotational inertia and assume
small deflections. What is the buckling weight?

= ̈
(D’Alembert’s fictitious inertia)
= ̇
If the masses in a problem were not
=0 ⟹ + = sin
point masses, we should use the
equation of motion in the form of
⟹
∑ = or use the general form of
⟹ Moment of Momentum Principle:

− =0 ⟹ = / ∑ = ∫ ×
buckling weight:

IUST/Civil Eng./V.Broujerdian
 ‫اﺻﻮل ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ و ﺑﺎد‬

‫ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ آزادي ﺧﻄﯽ‬:2 ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬

Example 10: A uniform rigid slab of total mass m is supported on ‫ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎدل دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ‬4.2
four columns of height h rigidly connected to the top slab and to
the foundation slab. Each column has a rectangular cross section
with second moments of area Ix and Iy for bending about the x
and y axes, respectively. Determine the equation governing the
relative rotation uθ due to rotation ugθ of the foundation about a
vertical axis. Neglect the mass of the columns.

IUST/Civil Eng./V.Broujerdian
 ‫اﺻﻮل ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ و ﺑﺎد‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ :2‬ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ آزادي ﺧﻄﯽ‬

‫‪Solotion:‬‬ ‫∑‬ ‫=‬ ‫⟹‬ ‫‪ 4.2‬ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎدل دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ‬

‫‪IUST/Civil Eng./V.Broujerdian‬‬
 ‫اﺻﻮل ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ و ﺑﺎد‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ :2‬ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ آزادي ﺧﻄﯽ‬

‫‪ 5.2‬ارﺗﻌﺎش آزاد ﻧﺎﻣﯿﺮا )‪(Undamped Free Vibration‬‬

‫) (‬ ‫‪̈+‬‬ ‫)‪̇ + ku = P(t‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫ارﺗﻌﺎش آزاد ﻣﯿﺮا‬

‫‪̈ + ku = 0‬‬ ‫ارﺗﻌﺎش آزاد ﻧﺎﻣﯿﺮا‬

‫=‬ ‫∴‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪=0‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬

‫ﻫﺮﮔﺎه رﯾﺸﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‪،‬‬
‫( ∴ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ ﻣﺰدوج ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ‪s=a±ib‬‬ ‫) ‪+‬‬ ‫∴ ‪=0‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪=0‬‬ ‫∴‬ ‫‪=±‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﺳﺦﻫﺎي ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ‬
‫دﯾﻔﺮاﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از‪:‬‬
‫‪eat cos bt‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪∴ =±‬‬ ‫∴‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪cos‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪sin‬‬
‫‪eat sin bt‬‬
‫ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ زاوﯾﻪاي ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬

‫‪IUST/Civil Eng./V.Broujerdian‬‬
 ‫اﺻﻮل ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ و ﺑﺎد‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ :2‬ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ آزادي ﺧﻄﯽ‬

‫‪ 5.2‬ارﺗﻌﺎش آزاد ﻧﺎﻣﯿﺮا )‪(Undamped Free Vibration‬‬

‫‪̈ + ku = 0‬‬ ‫∴‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪cos‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪sin‬‬ ‫;‬ ‫=‬

‫‪∴ ̇ =−‬‬ ‫‪sin‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪cos‬‬

‫̇ ‪,‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ اوﻟﯿﻪ درﻟﺤﻈﻪ ‪:t=0‬‬

‫̇‬
‫̇‬
‫∴‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫=‬

‫̇‬
‫∴‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪cos‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪sin‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫دوره ﺗﻨﺎوب ﻧﻮﺳﺎن ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺳﺎزه )ﭘﺮﯾﻮد ﺳﺎزه(‬ ‫=‬

‫ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ ﺧﻄﯽ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺳﺎزه‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪IUST/Civil Eng./V.Broujerdian‬‬
 ‫اﺻﻮل ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ و ﺑﺎد‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ :2‬ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ آزادي ﺧﻄﯽ‬

‫‪ 5.2‬ارﺗﻌﺎش آزاد ﻧﺎﻣﯿﺮا )‪(Undamped Free Vibration‬‬

‫̇‬
‫‪̈ + ku = 0‬‬ ‫∴‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪cos‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪sin‬‬ ‫;‬ ‫=‬

‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﺮي ‪:1‬‬

‫ﺳﺆال اول ـ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﯿﺪ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‬
‫=‬ ‫(‪cos‬‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت ‪+‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ارﺗﻌﺎش آزاد ﻧﺎﻣﯿﺮا ﺑﻪ ) ∅‬
‫̇‬ ‫زﯾﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺎزﻧﻮﯾﺴﯽ اﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫=‬ ‫̇‬
‫(‪+‬‬ ‫)‬

‫̇ ‪−‬‬
‫‪∅ = tan‬‬

‫‪IUST/Civil Eng./V.Broujerdian‬‬
 ‫اﺻﻮل ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ و ﺑﺎد‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ :2‬ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ آزادي ﺧﻄﯽ‬

‫‪ 6.2‬ارﺗﻌﺎش آزاد ﻣﯿﺮا )‪(Damped Free Vibration‬‬

‫‪̈+‬‬ ‫‪̇ + ku = 0‬‬

‫=‬ ‫∴‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪=0‬‬

‫(∴‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫) ‪+‬‬ ‫∴ ‪=0‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪=0‬‬ ‫∴‬ ‫‪=−‬‬ ‫‪±‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﮔﺎه رﯾﺸﻪﻫﺎي ‪:‬ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﯿﺮاﯾﯽ‬
‫≪‬
‫=‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫∴‬ ‫‪=−‬‬ ‫‪±‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪=−‬‬ ‫‪±‬‬ ‫‪1−‬‬
‫ﺻﻮرت‪(Damping‬‬
‫‪s=a±ib‬‬ ‫ﻣﺰدوج ﺑﻪ )‪Ratio‬‬‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﺳﺦﻫﺎي ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ‬
‫دﯾﻔﺮاﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از‪:‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪1−‬‬ ‫∴‬ ‫‪=−‬‬ ‫‪±‬‬
‫‪eat cos bt‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ زاوﯾﻪاي ﻣﯿﺮاي ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬

‫‪eat sin bt‬‬ ‫∴‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪cos‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪sin‬‬

‫‪IUST/Civil Eng./V.Broujerdian‬‬
 ‫اﺻﻮل ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ و ﺑﺎد‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ :2‬ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ آزادي ﺧﻄﯽ‬

‫‪ 6.2‬ارﺗﻌﺎش آزاد ﻣﯿﺮا )‪(Damped Free Vibration‬‬

‫≪‬
‫‪̈+‬‬ ‫‪̇ + ku = 0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪cos‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪sin‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪⁄‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪1−‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫̇ ‪,‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ اوﻟﯿﻪ درﻟﺤﻈﻪ ‪:t=0‬‬

‫̇‬

‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫̇‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)‪(0‬‬
‫∴‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫=‬

‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﺮي ‪:1‬‬

‫ﺳﺆال دوﻣـ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﯿﺪ ﺿﺮاﯾﺐ ﻣﺠﻬﻮل در‬
‫ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ارﺗﻌﺎش آزاد ﻣﯿﺮا ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت‬
‫ﻓﻮق ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪IUST/Civil Eng./V.Broujerdian‬‬
 ‫اﺻﻮل ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ و ﺑﺎد‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ :2‬ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ آزادي ﺧﻄﯽ‬

‫‪ 6.2‬ارﺗﻌﺎش آزاد ﻣﯿﺮا )‪(Damped Free Vibration‬‬
‫) (‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ :‬اﺳﺘﻬﻼك ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫(‪= exp‬‬ ‫‪) = exp‬‬
‫‪( +‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪1−‬‬
‫‪ :‬ﻧﺮخ اﺳﺘﻬﻼك ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫) (‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪= exp‬‬
‫) ‪( +‬‬ ‫‪1−‬‬
‫‪ :‬ﻧﺮخ ﻟﮕﺎرﯾﺘﻤﯽ اﺳﺘﻬﻼك ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﯾﯽ‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫≪‬
‫‪≈2‬‬
‫‪= ln‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪cos‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪sin‬‬
‫‪1−‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‬
‫ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺑﺮاي ﻣﯿﺮاﯾﯽ ﮐﻢ‪ ،‬ﻧﺮخ اﺳﺘﻬﻼك ﺷﺘﺎب ﻧﯿﺰ از ﻫﻤﺎن راﺑﻄﻪ ﻧﺮخ اﺳﺘﻬﻼك ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﯾﯽ‬
‫اﺧﺘﯿﺎري‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪1−‬‬
‫ﺗﺒﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪=2 /‬‬
‫‪0.11‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻧﻮﺳﺎن ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺼﻒ ﺷﺪن داﻣﻨﻪ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ‪:‬‬
‫‪%‬‬ ‫≈‬

‫‪IUST/Civil Eng./V.Broujerdian‬‬
 ‫اﺻﻮل ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ و ﺑﺎد‬

‫ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﯾﮏ درﺟﻪ آزادي ﺧﻄﯽ‬:2 ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬

(Damped Free Vibration) ‫ ارﺗﻌﺎش آزاد ﻣﯿﺮا‬6.2

̈+ ̇ + ku = 0

CRITICALLY DAMPING

STRONG DAMPING

<1∶ = cos + sin

=1∶ = +

>1∶ = +

IUST/Civil Eng./V.Broujerdian