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Built in Functions

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halima sadouk
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2 views2 pages

Built in Functions

Uploaded by

halima sadouk
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Built-in Functions

Function Call

The general form of a function call:


function_name(arguments)

The rules for executing a function call:

1. Evaluate the arguments.


2. Call the function, passing in the argument values.

Terminology:

 Argument: a value given to a function


 Pass: to provide to a function
 Call: ask Python to evaluate a function
 Return: pass back a value

Example function calls:


>>> abs(-23)
23
>>> abs(56.24)
56.24

Function dir

Python has a set of built-in functions. To see the list of built-in functions,
run dir(__builtins__):
>>> dir(__builtins__)< br/> ['ArithmeticError', 'AssertionError',
'AttributeError', 'BaseException', 'BufferError', 'BytesWarning',
'DeprecationWarning', 'EOFError', 'Ellipsis', 'EnvironmentError',
'Exception', 'False', 'FloatingPointError', 'FutureWarning',
'GeneratorExit', 'IOError', 'ImportError', 'ImportWarning',
'IndentationError', 'IndexError', 'KeyError', 'KeyboardInterrupt',
'LookupError', 'MemoryError', 'NameError', 'None', 'NotImplemented',
'NotImplementedError', 'OSError', 'OverflowError',
'PendingDeprecationWarning', 'ReferenceError', 'ResourceWarning',
'RuntimeError', 'RuntimeWarning', 'StopIteration', 'SyntaxError',
'SyntaxWarning', 'SystemError', 'SystemExit', 'TabError', 'True',
'TypeError', 'UnboundLocalError', 'UnicodeDecodeError',
'UnicodeEncodeError', 'UnicodeError', 'UnicodeTranslateError',
'UnicodeWarning', 'UserWarning', 'ValueError', 'Warning',
'ZeroDivisionError', '_', '__build_class__', '__debug__', '__doc__',
'__import__', '__name__', '__package__', 'abs', 'all', 'any', 'ascii',
'bin', 'bool', 'bytearray', 'bytes', 'callable', 'chr', 'classmethod',
'compile', 'complex', 'copyright', 'credits', 'delattr', 'dict', 'dir',
'divmod', 'enumerate', 'eval', 'exec', 'exit', 'filter', 'float', 'format',
'frozenset', 'getattr', 'globals', 'hasattr', 'hash', 'help', 'hex', 'id',
'input', 'int', 'isinstance', 'issubclass', 'iter', 'len', 'license',
'list', 'locals', 'map', 'max', 'memoryview', 'min', 'next', 'object',
'oct', 'open', 'ord', 'pow', 'print', 'property', 'quit', 'range', 'repr',
'reversed', 'round', 'set', 'setattr', 'slice', 'sorted', 'staticmethod',
'str', 'sum', 'super', 'tuple', 'type', 'vars', 'zip']

Function help

To get information about a particular function, call help and pass the function as
the argument. For example:
>>> help(abs)
Help on built-in function abs in module builtins:
abs(...)
abs(number) -> number

Return the absolute value of the argument.

Optional arguments

In the description of function pow below, the square brackets around [, z] indicate
that the third argument is optional:
>>> help(pow)
Help on built-in function pow in module builtins:

pow(...)
pow(x, y[, z]) -> number

With two arguments, equivalent to x**y. With three arguments,


equivalent to (x**y) % z, but may be more efficient (e.g. for longs).

Function pow can be called with either two or three arguments:


>>> pow(2, 5)
32
>>> pow(2, 5, 3)
2

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