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Notes 4.1-Angles and Their Measure

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17 views

Notes 4.1-Angles and Their Measure

Uploaded by

yolovekuruyuzu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lesson 1: Angles and Their Measure

Engineers in the ancient world discovered ratios within right triangles, as they learned fundamental
engineering skills. The secrets and patterns necessary to understanding circles and spheres helped
in the development of trigonometry. Our chapter begins the journey into trigonometry with an
introduction into angles and their measures.

Angle Characteristics

An angle is determined by rotating a ray about its endpoint.

The ____________________ is the endpoint of the ray.

The _______________________ side is the starting position.

The ____________________________ side is the position after rotation.

Standard Position Angles

Angles that are in standard position are placed on a


coordinate plane, with the vertex at the origin and the initial
side on the positive x-axis.

_________________________________ angles are determined by a


counterclockwise rotation.

___________________________ angles are determined by a clockwise


rotation.

Coterminal Angles

Two angles in standard position that have the same terminal side are called coterminal angles. We
can find an angle that is coterminal to a given angle by adding or subtracting one revolution. So, any
given angle has many coterminal angles. For example 𝛽𝛽 = 36° is coterminal to all of the following:
396°, 756°, −324°, −684°

EX #1: Draw 𝜃𝜃 = 220° and label 𝜃𝜃 ′ as the angle that is coterminal. y

© 2024 Jean Adams Flamingo Math.com


Reference Angles and Methods to Measure Angles

y
Reference Angles

x Given an angle in standard position, its reference angle is


the acute angle formed by the terminal side of the given
angle and the x-axis. The angle at left is 210°, the reference
angle is __________

EX #2: Draw each angle and state the reference angle.

A. 150° B. 315°
y y

x x

C. −120° y D. 140° y

x x

D-M-S Degrees-Minutes-Seconds

We can write decimal degrees in terms of smaller units, called minutes and seconds.

Degrees Minutes Seconds


360° = 1 1′ = 60′′
1° = 60′
revolution 1° = 3600′′
EX #3: Use the relationships above to manually convert the following.

A. Convert 36°25′18′′ to decimal degrees B. Convert 42.575° to “DMS” form.

© 2024 Jean Adams Flamingo Math.com


Radians and Central Angles

Radians

Another way to measure angles is in ________________________.


In the late 1800’s mathematicians began to see a need for
another unit of measure, because they needed angle r
r
measurements to “cancel out.” This type of measure is
needed in calculus to help simplify certain mathematical
and physical formulas.
r Initial side
 Radians have no units 1 radian
 One complete circular revolution is ______________
 1 radian is approximately 57.296°
The definition of a radian is based on the concept of a unit circle, which is a circle of radius 1 unit,
with its center at the origin of a coordinate system. The radian measure of an angle is based on the
length of an arc on the unit circle.

Central Angles on the Unit Circle

We use a central angle of a unit circle, shown at left, where the vertex
is the center of the circle. One radian is the measure of the central angle r r
that subtends (intercepts) an arc equal in length to the radius of the circle.
The circumference of any circle is _____________________, where r is the radius
measure. So the circumference of a unit circle where 𝑟𝑟 = 1 is 1 radian r
_________________ units. Therefore, an angle representing one complete
revolution of the circle measures ___________________ radians.

If 𝜃𝜃 is a central angle in a circle of radius r, and if 𝜃𝜃 is measured in radians, then the length s of the
intercepted arc is given by 𝑠𝑠 = 𝑟𝑟𝜃𝜃.

Common Radian Measures


Sketch each radian measure on the coordinate plane below.

𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋
− radians radians 𝜋𝜋 radians
4 2
y y y

x x x

© 2020 Jean Adams Flamingo Math.com


Converting Between Units of Angle Measure

Conversion Formulas

Convert Degrees to Radians multiply degrees by:

Convert Radians to Degrees multiple radians by:

EX #4: Convert each angle from radians to degrees or from degrees to radians.

7𝜋𝜋
A. D. 135°
6

2𝜋𝜋
B. − 3
E. −320°

8𝜋𝜋
C. − 15 F. −110°

Practice With Radians

1. How many radians is each angle of an equilateral triangle?

2. The minute hand of a clock travels how many radians in 15 minutes?

3. The minute hand of a clock travels how many radians in 10 minutes?

4. The minute hand of a clock travels how many radians in 5 minutes?

5. What is the measure of 𝜃𝜃 in radians, 6. What is the measure of 𝜃𝜃 in radians?


if 𝑥𝑥 = 45° ?
y
𝜃𝜃
x 5x
𝜃𝜃
x
x

© 2024 Jean Adams Flamingo Math.com

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