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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
40 viewsTransformers and Generators Model qps
Model paper prepared by
Muruli krishna
Uploaded by
murulimurulikrishna6Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 16
CB CSISCHENE
21EE34
USN
Third Semester B.E. Degree Examination, June/July 2023
Transformer and Generators
Max. Marks: 100
Time: 3 hrs.
1
a,
b.
©,
Note: Answer any FIVE full questions, choosing ONE full question from each module.
Module:
Draw the load phasor diagram ofa, 10 transformer supplying lagging, leading and unity PF
(Power Factor). (08 Marks)
With the help of @ neat diagram and phasor diagram explain the operation of a 36 star delta
transformer. (06 Marks)
The equivalent of a 200/400V, step up transformer has the following parameters referred to
LV side equivalent resistance = 0.15Q, equivalent reactance = 0.372, core loss component
of resistance = 600,’ magnetizing reactance = 3009. When the transformer is supplying
load of 10A at a P-F-of 0.8hg calculate: |)”
i) Primary curfent
ii) Secondary terminal voltage.
(06 Marks)
OR
Explain with the help of connection and phasor diagram how Scott connections are used to
obtain two phase from three phase supply. (06 Marks)
What is all day efficiency of transformer? Explain its importance in distribution
transformers. (04 Marks)
A SKVA, 500/250V, SOHz single phase transformer gave the following readings :
OC test : SOOV, 1A, SOW (LV side open}
SC test : 25V, 10A, 8OW{LV side shorted]
Determine :
i) Efficiency on full load and 0.8pF lagging
ii) Voltage regulation on full load 0.8 pF leading
iii) Efficiency on 60% of full load and 0.8 pF leading
iv) Drziv the equivalent circuit referred to primary and insert all values in it. (10 Marks)
Modute-2
Why Parallel! operation of 2 single phase transformers are needed and mention the necessary
conditions to be satisfied for parallel operation (06 Marks)
Two 250KVA transformers supplying a network are connected in parallel on both primary
and secondary sides. Their voltage ratios are same the resistance drops are 1.5% and 9% and
reactance drops are 3.33% and 4% respectively. Calculate the KVA loading on each
transformer and as power factor. When the total load on the transformers is SOOKVA at
0.707 lagging power factor. (08 Marks)
With a neat circuit diagram explain Sumpner's test condited on 2 identical transformers also
show how efficiency and regulation are calculated form Sumpner’s test data. (06 Marks)
OR
Obsain the expression for current shared by two transformers with unequal voltage ratios
connected in parallel. The transformers have unequal impedances. Also draw the phaser
diagram. (10 Marks)
With « neat diagram show the current distribution in step up and step down auto transformer
Also derive the expression for saving of copper in an auto transformer. (10 Marks)
Vof2 : 10
21EE34
y of them,
(06 Marks)
tor.
is tion i DC generat
Define armature reaction, with neat diagram explain armature reac (08 Marks)
; three winding
revit parameters’ for three a)
Module-3
ing and explain ar
What is cooling of transformer? List different thethods of cooling
Explain the procedure in obtaining, equivalent ci
transforms.
oR d
: i itch factor an
Derive EMF equation of an ‘altemator. Also give the expression for pi ae
distribution factor. : ication in DC
What is commutation? Explain the problems associated with communicati aS
generator and discuss thé: methods to overcome problems.
Module4 .
Define voltage regulation of the altemator "and explain the ampere tum method of
predetermination of regulation, neo?
A 3-phase star connected synchronous generator supplies current of 10A having phase angle
of 20° lagging at 400V. Find the load angle and components of armature current ‘I,’ and Io
ifXa=100 and X4= 6.5Q. Assume’armature resistance to be negligible. (12 Marks)
OR
Explain the method of determining voltage regulation of altemator by MMF method with all
necessary circuit diagrams in the test. (02 Marks)
4 2300V, SOHz, 36 star connected alternator has an effective armature resistance of 0.20. A
field current of 35. produces a current of 150A an short circuit and open circuit emf 780V
line) calculate:the, voltage regulation at 0:8pF lagging and.0.8pF leading for the full load
current of 25A. (08 Marks)
Module-5
Mention the necessary condition for synchronization of altemators. Explain the lamp dark
and lamp bright method of syrichronization of altemators. (12 Marks)
Write short notes on hunting in synchronous machine. Also explain the role of damper
winding, (08 Marks)
OR
Write a note on capability curves of synchronous generator. (06 Marks)
What is short circuit ratio? Explain the significance of SCR. (06 Marks)
With a neat diagram, explain the method of determination of Xq and X, of salient pole
alternator. (08 Marks)
shee MEEM
Third Semester B.E. Degree Exa
Transformers and Generators
ination, Jan/Feb. 2023
Max. Marks) 100
soe Pies? hrs, Ht A ees
BE oe Note: Answer any FIVE full questions, choosing ONE fill question from each modul
i Module-1 Sean aaa
1a, Discuss in detail how to perform OC and SC tests on single phase fransforme ae
circuit diagram. “ Sere
b. Explain with circuit diagram and phasor diagram how two frifisformers are as
open delta can supply the power successfully Mir mn
¢. The primary and cecondary windings of 2-40 KVA, 6600250V' single Phase sransforme
have resistances of 10Q*and 0.022 respectively. The leakage reactance of tra
referred to primary side"ig 35Q. Calculate the percentage voltage regulation of the at 0.8.
~ (Oo Marks)
lagging.
OR
2 a. Explain how SCOTT connections are used.to obtain two phase from three pha: nains with
the help of connection and phase diagrams. 400 Mar
b. State the advantages of single three phase transformer over a bank of single phase
transformers. (04 Marks)
¢. Find-the all day efficiency of single phase transformer having maximum efticiency of 88s
at ISKVA at UPF and loaded as follows :
i) 12 hours ~2 KW at 0.5 pf lagging
ii) 6 hours - 12 KW at 0.8pf lagging .
iii) 6 hours —No load. ~~ (0 Marky)
: Modute-2
3a. Derive an expression for saving of copper.whén an auto transfortier is used. (07 Marks
b. What are the conditions to be satisfied-fr paralled operation of two transformers? [splat
briefly. . (4 Marks
©. Two single phase transformers. with equal voltage-mttios have impedances of (0.819
“32.503)0 and (0.8 + j2.31 }Q-wvith respect to the s€eondary. If they operate in patallel, hon
they willshare a total load of 2000 KW at p.fof 0.8 lugging. (09 Marks
= OR.
4 a Explain with diagram, the Sumpner’s test on transformer, (07 Marks)
bo” What is tap changing transformer, explain with neat figure, (07 Marky)
c¢. Two transformers A and B are joined in Parallel to same load. Determine the current
delivered by each-transformer having given : Open circuit emt. 6600V for A and 6400V for
B equivalent leakage impedance in-terms of secondary is (0.3 4 j3)Q for A und W246 ;He
for B. The load impedance is (8 + j6)0
_ Module-3
Sa. Whatis armature reaction? With a neat diagram, explain in detail,
b Mos 1s cooling of transformer? List of different methods of cooling
them. [
© A4~ pole generatorsupplies a current of 143A. IPhas 492 conductors :
4) Wave connected ii) Lap connected. When delivering full load, the brushes
actual lead of 10°. Caleulate the demagnetizing amperes
shunt connected and takes 10A.Calculate the numbe
neutralize this demagnetization
(06 Marks)
and explain any two
tums ipole. The field win
tof extra shunt field tums necessary to
lof2
(08 Marks)
(Wo Marks)
(06 Marks) 10
ine proving commutation
:xplain different methods available for ir ‘oa Marts)
What is commutation? Explain different m ithod be a
i "lots and
jing with 144 slots and
ired and the speed is
Derive an E.M.F equation of synchronous generat
A 3- phase, 16 pole synchronous generator has a's
1 connected wind
sinusoidally distributed an
10 conductor per slot. The flux per pole is 0:03wb, fa (oni)
375xpm. Calculate si) The frequency ii) Line induced emf.
‘olulet — turn method of
Define voltage regulation of the dltemator and explain the ampere Gaui
redetermination of regulation, eon
The effective resistance of # 200V, S042, 440KVA, 1 phase alternator is 0.502 on
pe 7 circuit
circuit a field current of 4QA gives he full load current of 200A. The voltage on open circ!
with same field excitation is 1160V. Calculate : ite
i) Synchronous impediince ii) Synchronous reactance.
x 0 f predetermination of regulation of an alternator
Explain the zero pover factor method of predetermin: a nao
OR
Enumerate the various methods available for determining the voltage regulation. Explain in
detail emf method, me (08 Marks)
A 3SMVA Y-connected alternator rated at 4160 Volts at SOHz has open circuit
characteristics given by the following data :
[ Field current (amps); 50 [| 100 | 150]
[Line emf (volts) “2"=| 1620 [3150 | 4160.7
250 | 300.]. 350 | 400
5130 | 5370 | $550 | 5650
A field current of 100A is found necessary to’Circulate fall — load current on short circuit of
the alternator. Calculate by : i) Synchronous impedance method ii) Amperetum method the
full-load voltage regulation at 0.8 pftaggiig. Neglect armaturé resistance. (12 Marks)
Module-5,
‘What is synchronization? Explain with the help of neat sketch the three lamps dark method
of synchronization. e (08 Marks)
Explain about synchronizing power. n (04 Marks)
A-2MVA, 3 phase, 8 pole altemator is connected to 6000V, S0Hz bus bars and heey
synchronous reactance of 49 per phase. Calculate the synchronizing power and
Synchronizing torque per mechanical degree of rotor displacement at no-lond. Acsinna
normal excitation: ~ (08 Marks)
‘ OR
What is hunting in synchronous machines? (06 Marks)
Describe the parallel operation of alternators. (06 Marks)
A three phase star conneciéd synchronous generator supplies a current of 10A having phase
angle of 20° lagging at-400V (phase voltage). Find : i) the load angle i) components ly and
|, of armature current iii) voltage regulation. Given Xq = 100 and Xq ~ 6.50. Neglect
armature resistance. (08 Marks)
= shee
2of2 . Third Semester B.E. Degree Examination, Jan/Feb. 2023
~ Transformers and Generators
3 hrs. Max. Marks: 100
Note: Anower any FIVE full questions, choosing ONE full question from each module.
Modute-
1 & Draw and explain the full load phasor diagrams of single phase transformer for lagging
leading and unity power factor loads. (08 Marks
b. Develop an exact equivalent circuit diagrams of a single phase transformer referred tc
primary side indicating alf the parameters. (06 Marks)
s. A4KVA, 200/400V, single-phase transformer has the following OC/SC test results.
O.C Test : 200V, 0.70, 65W .
ISV, LOAL7SW
Determine : i) Full load efficiency at UPF
ii) Voltage regulation at 0.8 pf lagging. (06 Marks)
OR
2 a Explain with the help of connectiofi"aind phasor diagrams, how scott connections are used tc
obtain {Wo phase supply from threé=phase supply mains. (08 Marks)
b. With the help of a neat circuit diagram and phasor diagram, explain the operation of 2
3-phase delta-star transformer. = (06 Marks)
c. A balanced 3-phase load of 150 KW at 1000V, 0.866 lagging power factor is supplied from
2000V, 3-phase mains throligh single phase transformers connected in delta-del:a and V-\
connection. Find the current in the windings ofeach transformer. (06 Marks)
« ¥ Module-2
3 2 Derive an expréssion for the currents. arid load shared by two transformers connected in
parallel supplying common load, when no load voltages are equal. Also draw the phasor
diagram>~ > (8 Marks)
b. Analyze-the performance of transformers by conductinig Sumpner’s test with relevant circuit
diagram. ot (08 Marks)
©. Two Single phase transforingrs rated at 250KV.A each are operated in parallel on both sides
impedances of transformets are (1 + j6)Qcand (1.2 + j4.8)0 respectively. Find the load
shared by each when the total load is SOOKVA at 0.8 pflagging. (04 Marks)
OR
1 a. What is an aito transformer? Derive an expression for saving of copper in auto transformer
compared to two windings transformer also write its applications (10 Marks)
>. With the help of neat sketches, explain the working ON load tap changer and OFF lod tap
changer. = (OMarks)
iH Modute-3
3 What is Communication? With a neat diagram, explain the process of communication in DC
machines. (08 Marks)
b. How stabilizatiog'is achieved due to tertiary winding. (06 Marks)
© 4 6 pole generator has wave connected armature having $50 conductors. IT delivers 130%
current at full load and the brush load is 12 degrees. Find the number of demagnetizing and
crossing magnetizing amphere — tums per pole, (06 Marks)
1of2 18RE33
fuctor and
coe pression for pitch factor
jive the ex! (06 Marks)
6 a. Derive EMF equation of synchronous generator tis for lagging, leading ad
¢ EME. for lagging,
serib to explain armature reaction in altemator (8 Marks)
b. With necessary diagrams, expla! \d a two — layer
: hase and a
unity power factors. tas 6 slots per pole per Pl ea ipaueed
‘star connected altemator ha + Per oe ctculate the value
Ce en eee a strs per slot. Ifthe coil span is 150°, calculate can)
winding with 4 conduct ;
phase and line voltages ifthe flux per pole is 300mwb.
Module-4 1 Jation. Explain in
tage regul
7 a. Enumerate the various methods available for determining the voltag (12 Marks)
details EMF and MMF methods. (04 Marks)
b, Discuss about short circuit ration and its significance. (ef predeténinining of
Compare synchronous impedance method and ampere tums method of predeicrmiine ©
regulation.
OR :
8 a. Explain ZPF method of predetermination of voltage regulation of alternator. oe ite
advantage of this method.
b. The following test results are obtained on a 6600V altemator.
[Open circuit voltage [3100 | 3000 | 6600 | 7500 | 8300 |
Field current in Amps [16 | 25-| 37.5 [50 | 70.
A field current of 20A is found necessary to circulate full load current‘on short circuit of the
armature. Determine the full load regulation at 0.8pf lagging by using :
i) EMF method
ii) Ampere - Tum method. (12 Marks)
Module.
9 a. Discuss the concept of two reaction theory in a salient pole synchronous machine with the
help of phasor diagram. (08 Marks)
b. What are the conditions for proper synchronization of an altemator? Explain with the help of
a neat sketch, synchroscope method of synchronization. (06 Marks)
& A S00V, SOHZ, delta connected synchronous generator has X= 0.20 and X, ~ 0.07502 per
Phase, The armature resistance is neglected. The alternator is supplying 1100A at 0 Spt
lagging. Calculate the :
i) Emf neglecting saliency and assuming Xs = Xp
ii) Emfconsidering saliency. (06M:
OR
10 a. With a neat circuit diagram, explain the slip test on salient
determine Xj and X, form the slip test.
Waite short notes on capability curves of a synchronous generator
Discuss about hunting in synchronous machines. Also explain the role of damper
Pole synchronous machine to
(08 Marks)
(06 Marks)
windings
(06 Marks)
b.
theese
2of2 BGS ScHEHE
os (TT TITLE :
‘Third Semester B.E. Degree Examination, Feb./Mar. 2022
‘ing Kesourco Cong ~=«STFansformers and Generators
*harya institutes
Time: 3 hrs.
Note: Answer any FIVE full questions, choosing ONE full question from each module.
18EE33
Max. Marks: 100
Modute-1 7
With the help of phasor diagram, explain the operation of practical transformer on oad,
1a
b. Find the all day efficiency of single phase transformer having a maximum efficiency of 98%
at ISKVA, UPF and loaded as follows:
12 hours —> 2kW, 0.5pf lagging
6 hours > 2kW, 0.8pFlagging
6 hours +> no load.~ (08 Marks)
. Explain with neat-cifcuit diagram and phasor diagram the operation of star-star connected
3 phase transformer. ~ (06 Marks)
OR
2 a. Explain with the help of connection and phasor diagram how SCOTT connections are used
to obtaifi two phase from three pkase supply. a (06 Marks)
b. A SKVA, 500/250V, SOHz single phase transformer gave the following readings,
OC test: SOV, 1A, SOW [LV side open} > me:
SC test: 25V, 10A, 60W [LV side shorted], »
Determine: ae
i) Efficiency on fill load and 0.8pf lagging. a
ii) Voltage regulation on fall load and 0.8pf leading.
iii) Efficiency-on 60% of full load and 0.8pf leading
iv) Draw the equivalent circuit referred to primary and insert all values in it, (10 Marks)
¢. Mention the advantages of delta-delta connected 3 phase transformer [Any four]. (04 Marks)
= Modute-2
3. a, With a neat circuit diagram, explain Sumpner’s test conducted on two identical transtormers
Also show how efficiency-and regulation are’¢alculated from Sumpner’s test data
(08 Marks)
b. “Why paraile! operation two single phase transformers are needed and mention the nec:
conditions to be satisfied for parallel operation, (06M
© With a neat diagram, explain the-opefation of on-load tap changer. (06 Marks)
OR
4 a With a neat diagram show the current distribution in step up and step down Auto
transformer. Also derive the expression for saving of copper in an Auto transformer
(10 Marks)
b. Obtain the expression for load sharing during the parallel operation of two transformers
having same voltage ratios (06 Marks)
Explain how the Eddy current losses and hysteresis losses are separated in a single phase
transformer. (4 Marks)
lof2 5a, Explain how the equivalent circuit par
10
b.
18EE33,
nsformers,
(08 Marks)
reaction produces
ry expressions for
pater ‘are obtained for a three winding tral
ame a
nes? Explain how armature
Also. derive the nece
What is armature reaction in DC mac
demagnetizing and cross magnetizing effect (08 Marks)
: ore turn
demagnetizing and cross magnetizing ampere Lurns. enerator.
: y in a synchronous B
Write short notes on concentrated and distributed-winding in a syn ioanaaeia
OR
Derive the Emf equation of an altefnator, Also derive an expression for pitch factor an
distribution factor. (ee
What is commutation? With a neat
Mention reasons for using thifee winding transformers,
diagram, explain the process of commutation. (06 Marks)
(04 Marks)
3 Module-4
Explain the method of determining voltage regulation of synchronous generator by ZPF
method with all the circuit diagram necessary in the test (12 Marks)
‘The OC and SC test readings for a 39 star cOnnected 1000KVA, 2000V, SOHz alternator are
P I [10 20°] 25 | 30 | 40 | 50
» [Woe Tine voltage | 800 |"1500 | 1760 | 2000 | 2350 | 2600
ri as P= "200 [250] 300; - | - |
‘The armature resistance is 0.2Q/ph. Draw the characteristic curves and estimate the
percentage regulation by EMF method at i) FL, 0.8pflag ii) FL, 0.8pf lead. (08 Marks)
OR
Explain the method of determining voltage regulation of alternator by MME method with all
necessary circuit diagrams in the test. (12 Marks)
Derive the expression'for EMF induced intérms of terminal, voltage, load current, armature
resistance, synchronous reactance along with phasor diagram for lagging and leading Pr
load > oe (08 Marks)
: Modul ‘
Mention the necessary conditions for synchronization of alternators, Explain the lamp dark
and lamp bright method of synchronization of alternators, (12 Marks)
Write short notes on hunting in synchronous machine. Also explain the role of damper
windings, a . (08 Marks)
With it di ea
ith a neat circuit diagram, explain the method of determination of lie
pole ateratorss etna
Write shott notes on capability curves of a synchronous generators (06 Marks
Mention any four advantages of operating alternators in parallel (04 Marks)
thee Giles Sonlaile a2
STEN
bird Semester BE. Degree Examination, Feb/ Mar. 2022
Transformers and Generators
Time. 3 brs, Mix Shatan: VS)
Nate: Answer any FIVE full questions, choosing ONE full question from each module
Modyle-S
1 a Draw the phasor diagram of practical transformer on 1-
b. Find the all day efficiency of single phave tracisfor mmr tay
at 1SKVA at unity power factor and loaded 1 follo
12 hours ~ 2kW at 0.5p flagging
G hours ~ 12kW at 0.4 power factor logging
Ghours—No load
With a proper connection and phasor dizysun desert th
transformer. Z
Wot he ares
OK
2 a. Explain the behavior of practical transformer with ins
b. State the advantages of single 3-6 transformnes aver bank
¢. Two JOY single phave clectsic furnaces take loads of SHAW and Dk
power factor of 0.7) lagging and are supplied frum OUD, S-phase,
scolt-connected transformer combination. Caleulae the currents in 0
neglecting transformer lowes. Draw the phasor diagram.
3 a Discuss the necessary conditions Sor parallel operesion of 2 trans
A SOOKVA transformer with 0.0) per unit resistance and OS per
in parallel with 2 250kVA transformer with 0915p u resicy
seoondary voltage of each transformer i 400 on ns You
TSOKY b at power factor 0.4 lagging.
c. Briefly explain the polarity test.
. OR
4 4 2single phave transformers ure operating in parell
drawn by each, sharing a commun load, when no-load
b. Compare autotranslormer with two winging teaseSortes
©. In 4 Sumpnes’s test on two idegtical tensforrn
wattmnetes reading on HV side is WOW and on L
Modute-3,
5 4 Discuss the necessity of uestairy winding transformers,
b With a neat diagram, explzin the process of wommutation in D.C. mechs
© AS phase, 16 pole, star connected alternates has 144 slots havi
he flax pes pole is 30M Wb and distritated sinusoidally aod the sped
induced emf for 9 Full pich winding iy Combs short p
chorded by 2 slots
lof2 a.
s
OR cotprs (06 Marks)
ansfofiers
st the a sadvantages of 3 winding transform nla eur
Ane pot aa ‘ ‘generators has 480 armature conductors. The ee a
Stow? rind the armature curent i 200A. Find the armature reaction PAUNAT TS ng
cross magnetizing ampere tums per pole if i) Brushes are on GN Sal
6 electrical from G.N.A 7 pla
What are harmonies? What are the methods used to reduce harmonics
Module.
ad and hence
Draw the vector diagram of an alternator supplying lagging power factor load and Dente
derive an expres: mf in f ten ad current, arm
ve f Lin terms of terminal voltage, load currey
sxpression for no load e.m.f in t ae
resistance and synchronous reactance. en
Two similar three phase, 400V-alternators share equal KW power delivered to a bal anced
load of SOkW, 0.8p.f lag. The p.f. of one machine is 0.9 lag. Find the current supplied “
18 Marks)
p.fof the 2™ machine.
Detive the expression. for the synchronizing power and torque when an alternator is
connected to infinite bus bar. (08 Marks)
OR.
A 3-phase star connected alternator is rated at 1600kVA, 13500V. The armature resistance
and synchronous reactances are 1.5@ and 30 respectively per phase. Calculate the
percentage regulation for a load of 1280 kW at a pf of 0.8 lag. U.P.F and 0.8 lead. (08 Marks)
Briefly discuss necessity and copditions for parallel operation of two alternators. (06 Marks)
Explain the determination of diréct and quadrature axis reactance’s of an alternator using
slip test. fay (06 Marks)
Module-5
Discuss the procedure to\determine regulation of an alternator by E.M.F. method. (10 Marks)
What is hurting in synchronous machine? Explain role of damper winding to prevent
hunting
