61.

it has been proposed to use uranium carbide (UC) for the initial fuel in certain types of breeder reactors, with
the uranium enriched to 25 w/o. The density of UC is 13.6 g/cm3.
(a) What is the atomic weight of the uranium?

[sol]

(b) What is the atom density of the 235U?

[sol] Molecular weight of UC is;

235 238
62. Compute the atom densities of U and U in UO2 of physical density 10.8 g/cm3 if the uranium is
enriched to 3.5 w/o in 235U.

[sol] Eq.(2.65)
so,

The weight percent of U in UO2 is;

63. The fuel for a certain breeder reactor consists of pellets composed of mixed oxides, UO 2 and PuO2, with the
PuO2 comprising approximately 30 w/o of the mixture. The uranium is essentially all 238U, whereas the
plutonium contains the following isotopes: 239Pu (70.5 w/o), 240Pu(21.3 w/o), 241Pu(5.5 w/o), and 242Pu(2.7 w/o).
Calculate the number of atoms of each isotope per gram of the fuel.

[sol]
 Chapter 3
Interaction of Radiation
with Matter
1. Two beams of 1-eV neutrons intersect at an angle of 90°. The density of neutrons in both beams is 2 108
neutrons/cm3
(a) Calculate the intensity of each beam.

[sol] v = 1.383 106 cm/s <Eq. 2.12>

= 1.383 106 cm/s
= 1.383 106 cm/s
Ø = nv <Eq. 3.20>
= (2 108 neutrons/cm3) (1.383 106 cm/s)
= 2.766 1014 neutrons/cm2-sec

(b) What is the neutron flux where the two beams intersect?

[sol]

the neutron flux in the region where they intersect <law of cosines>
=
= 3.289 1014 neutrons/cm2-sec

2. Two monoenergetic neutron beams of intensities I1 = 2 1010 neutrons/cm2-sec and I2 = 1 1010

2
neutrons/cm -sec intersect at an angle of 30°. Calculate the neutron flux and current in the region where they
intersect.

[sol]

the neutron flux in the region where they intersect <law of cosines>
=
= 0.969 1010 neutrons/cm2-sec

3. A monoenergetic beam of neutrons, Ø = 4 1010 neutrons/cm2-sec, impinges on a target 1 cm2 in area and
0.1 cm thick. There are 0.048 10 atoms per cm3 in the target, and the total cross-section at the energy of the
24

beam is 4.5 b
(a) What is the macroscopic total cross-section?

[sol] Σt = N ζt
= (0.048 1024) (4.5 10-24)
-1
= 0.216 cm

(b) How many neutron interactions per second occur in the target?
 [sol] interactions rate = ζtINAX (I : intensity of the beam, A : area, X : thickness) <Eq. 3.2>
= ΣtIAX
= 0.216 cm-1 (4 1010 neutrons/cm2-sec) 1 cm2 0.1 cm
8
= 8.64 10 interactions(interaction neutrons)/sec

(c) What is the collision density?

[sol] collision density F = INζt (Eq. 3.7>

= IΣt
= (4 1010 neutrons/cm2-sec) 0.216 cm-1
= 8.64 10 collisions(collision neutrons)/cm3-sec
9

4. The β--emitter 28Al (half-life 2.30 min) can be produced by the radiative capture of neutrons by 27Al. The
0.0253-eV cross-section for this reaction is 0.23 b. Suppose that a small, 0.01-g aluminum target is placed in a
beam of 0.0253-eV neutrons, Ø = 3 108 neutrons/cm2-sec, which strikes the entire target. Calculate
(a) the neutron density in the beam;

[sol] I = nv <Eq. 3.1>

n=I/v
= (3 108 neutrons/cm2-sec) / (2.2 105 cm/sec)
<the speed of thermal neutron = 2.2 km/sec)
= 1363.64 neutrons/cm3

(b) the rate at which 28Al is produced;

[sol] Production rate = INζt

N = ρNA / M <Eq. 2.59>
INζt = (3 108 neutrons/cm2-sec) {(0.01 g/cm3 0.6022 1024) / 26.981538g}
0.23 10-24 cm2
<M27Al = 26.981538>
= 1.54 104 atoms/cm3-sec

(c) the maximum activity (in curies) that can be produced in this experiment.

[sol] = IN(27Al)ζt – λN(28Al)

Where IN(27Al)ζt = C and N(28Al) = N , = C – λN 
=C - λN
+ λN =C
( N) = C
=
- N(0) = C - C
= ( -1)
= (1 - )
α(t) = C(1 - )
αMaximum activity =
= C = IN(27Al)ζt
= 1.54 104 atoms/cm3-sec
= 4.16 10-7 Ci <1Ci = 3.7 1010 disintegrations/sec>

5. Calculate the mean free path of 1-eV neutrons in graphite. The total cross-section of carbon at this energy is
4.8b
[sol] Σt = N ζt
= (0.08023 1024) (4.8 10-24) <the density of carbon  Table II.3>
-1
= 0.3851 cm
mean free path λ = 1 / Σt = 2.5967 cm

6. A beam of 2-MeV neutrons is incident on a slab of heavy water (D 2O). The total cross-sections of deuterium
and oxygen at this energy are 2.6 b and 1.6 b, respectively.
(a) What is the macroscopic total cross-section of D2O at 2MeV?

[sol] Σt = N ζt
N(D2O) = 0.03323 1024 molecules/cm3 <Table II.3>
ζ of D2O = (2 ζ of deuterium) + ζ of oxygen
= (2 2.6) + 1.6 = 6.8 b
Σt = (0.03323 1024) (6.8 10-24) = 0.225964 cm-1

(b) How thick must the slab be to reduce the intensity of the uncollided beam by a factor of 10?

[sol] I = I0 <Eq. 3.11>

= =
-Σtx = -ln10
x = ln10 / Σt = ln10 / 0.225964 cm-1 = 10.19 cm

(c) If an incident neutron has a collision in the slab, what is the relative probability that it collides with
deuterium?

[sol] relative probability = Σt of deuterium / Σt of heavy water

= {N(D2O) (2 ζ of deuterium)} / 0.225964
= {(0.03323 1024) (2 2.6 10-24)} / 0.225964
= 0.7647

7. A beam of neutrons is incident from the left on a target that extends from x = 0 to x = a. Derive an expression
for the probability that a neutron in the beam will have its first collision in the second half of the target that is in
the region a/2 < x < a.

[sol] p(x) dx = Σt dx <page 59>

P= = =- +

8. Boral is commercial shielding material consisting of approximately equal parts by weight of boron carbide
(B4C) and aluminum compressed to about 95% theoretical density (2.608 g/cm3) and clad with thin sheets of
aluminum 0.25 cm thick. The manufacturer specifies that there are 0.333g of boron per cm 2 of a boral sheet
0.457 cm in overall thickness. What is the probability that a 0.0253-eV neutron incident normally on such a
sheet will succeed in penetrating it?

[sol]
 Penetrating probability
= the probability that a neutron can move through this distance without having a collision
= <page 58>
M(B4C) = 4 10.811 + 12 = 55.244
mass of C per cm2 = 0.333g = 0.0723g
2
mass of B4C per cm = 0.333g + 0.0723g = 0.4053g
ρ(B4C) = = 0.8869g/cm3
N = ρNA / M <Eq. 2.59>
N(B4C) = = 9.6679 10-3 1024 atoms/cm3-sec
ζt(B4C) = 4ζt(B) + ζt(C)
= 4(ζa(B) + ζs(B)) + (ζa(C) + ζs(C))
= 4(759 + 3.6) + (0.0034 + 4.75) <Table II.3>
= 3055.15b
Σt(B4C) = N(B4C) ζt(B4C) = 9.6679 10-3 1024 3055.15 10-24 = 29.5369 cm-1
M(Al) = 26.9815
N(Al) = = 6.0239 10-2 1024 atoms/cm3-sec
ζt(Al) = ζa(Al) + ζs(Al) = 0.23 + 1.49 = 1.72b
Σt(Al) = N(Al) ζt(Al) = 6.0239 10-2 1024 1.72 10-24 = 0.1036 cm-1
N(Compressed Al) = = 5.8208 10-2 1024 atoms/cm3-sec
Σt(Compressed Al) = N(Compressed Al) ζt(Al) = 5.8208 10-2 1024 1.72 10-24
-1
= 0.1001 cm
Penetrating probability
= =
=1 10-6

9. What is the probability that a neutron can move one mean free path without interacting in a medium?

[sol] the probability that a neutron can move through this distance without having a collision
= <page 58>
= <one mean free path, Σt = 1 / λ>
= e-1 = 0.3679

10. A wide beam of neutrons of intensity Ø0 is incident on a thick target consisting of material for which σa » σs.
The target area is A and its thickness is X. Derive an expression for the rate at which neutrons are absorbed in
this target.

[sol] neutrons absorption rate = ζtINAX (I : intensity of the beam, A : area, X : thickness) <Eq. 3.2>
a wide beam of neutrons of intensity : Ø0
target area : A
target thickness : X
ζt = ζa <ζa » ζs>
neutrons absorption rate = ζaØ0NAX = Ø0ΣaAX

11. Stainless steel, type 304 having a density of 7.86 g/cm3, has been used in some reactors. The nominal
composition by weight of this material is as follows: carbon, 0.08%; chromium, 19%; nickel, 10%; iron, the
remainder. Calculate the macroscopic absorption cross-section of SS-304 at 0.0253 eV.

[sol] Σa = Nζa
=Σ(Niζa(i))
Ni = (wiρNA) / (100Mi) <Eq. 2.63>
Mcarbon = 12.01115 <Table II.3>
Mchromium = 51.996
Mnickel = 58.71
Miron = 55.847
 Ncarbon = (0.08 7.86 0.6022 1024) / (100 12.01115) = 3.1526 10-4 1024 atoms/cm3
24 -2
Nchromium = (19 7.86 0.6022 10 ) / (100 51.996) = 1.7296 10 1024 atoms/cm3
24 -3
Nnickel = (10 7.86 0.6022 10 ) / (100 58.71) = 8.0622 10 10 atoms/cm3
24
24 -2
Niron = (70.92 7.86 0.6022 10 ) / (100 55.847) = 6.0108 10 1024 atoms/cm3
ζa(carbon) = 0.0034 b <Table II.3>
ζa(chromium) = 3.1 b
ζa(nickel) = 4.43 b
ζa(iron) = 2.55 b
Σa = (3.1526 10-4 0.0034) + (1.7296 10-2 3.1) + (8.0622 10-3 4.43)
-2 -1
+ (6.0108 10 2.55) = 0.2426 cm

12. Calculate at 0.0253 eV the macroscopic absorption cross-section of uranium dioxide (U2O), in which the
uranium has been enriched to 3 w/o in 235U. The density of UO2 is approximately 10.5 g/cm3.

[sol] Σa = N ζa
Atomic weight of U : 1/M u = 1/100(3/235.0439 + 97/238.0508) <Eq. 2.65>
 Mu = 237.9595
Molecular weight of UO2 = 237.9595 + 2 15.9994 = 269.9583
N = ρNA / M <Eq. 2.59>
N(UO2) = (10.5 0.6022 1024) / 269.9583 = 2.3423 1022
235
3% is not a volume percent  volume percent of U = 237.9595/235.0439 0.03 = 0.030372
volume percent of 238U = 1 - 0.030372 = 0.969628
Σa(UO2) = N(UO2) ζa(UO2)
= (2.3423 1022) {0.030372 680.8 + 0.969628 2.7 + 2 0.00027) 10-24}
-1
= 0.5457 cm

13. The compositions of nuclear reactors are often stated in volume fractions, that is, the fractions of the volume
of some region that are composed of particular materials. Show that the macroscopic absorption cross-section
for the equivalent homogeneous mixture of materials is given by

Where and are, respectively, the volume fraction and macroscopic absorption cross-section of the ith
constituent at its normal density

[Sol]

,where =N , =N , =N

N = So.

14. Calculate and (at 0.0253eV) for the fuel pellets described in Problem 2.63. The pellet density is
about 10.6 g/c

[sol]
At Prob. 2.63 pellet composed of mixed oxides, U and Pu with the Pu comprising
approximately 30w/o of the mixture. 100% and plutonium contains the following isotopes
(70.5w/o), (21.3w/o), (5.5w/o) and (2.75w/o)

, )=0.7 , )=0.3
N( )=

N( )=

a( ) + a( ) + a( + a(

a( )= 0.705=

a( )= 0.213=

a( )= 0.055=

a( )= 0.0275=

0.7038
=850.864840

a(
a( = 0.299

7.056 =4.0818

15. Using the fact that the scattering cross-section of is approximately 9 b from 0.01 eV to 200 eV,
estimate the radius of the nucleus and compare with Eq.(2.3)

[Sol]
1) At low energy .. assume that the cross-section is 4
So , 4 = 9b = 9
R= =8.462843753

2) using Eq 2.3
R = 1.25fm - Eq(2.3)
R = 1.25 =7.418090175 cm 7.42
16. Using the Breit-Wigner formula. Compute and plot in the vicinity of the first resonance in , which
occurs at an energy of 6.67eV. The parameters of this resonance are: =1.52meV(meV = millielectron volts),
and g = 1. [Note: For reasons given in Section 7.3(see in particular Fig.7.12), the value of
computed from the Breit-Wigner formula do not concide with those measured with targets at room temperature.]

[Sol]
Breit-Wigner Formula

g = 1, =1.52meV, , = = 1.52 + 26 = 27.52meV

2.039x

0 5 10 15
-0.00

17. Demonstrate using the Breit-Wigner formula that the width of a resonance at half its height is equal to .

[Sol]

→ (E - ) = 0 So,
so =

18. There are no resonances in the total cross-section of from 0.01 eV to cover 1 Me V. If the radiative
capture cross-section of this nuclide at 0.0253 eV is 3.4 mb, what is the value of at 1 eV?
[sol] , it can be written as

so

19. The first resonances in the cross-section of aluminum, which is due entirely to scattering, occurs at 5.8keV.
The absorption cross-section at 0.0253 eV is 0.23b. Calculate for 100 eV:
(a)

[Sol]
, so

=0.23b =3.658373956

(b)

[Sol]
Low energy so it can assume =4 =4
So = =1.767145868

(c)

[Sol]
=

20. Calculate :
(a) water of unit density at 0.0253 eV;

[Sol]
, at 0.0253eV

N= =

(b) water of density 0.7g/ at 0.0253eV;

[Sol]

N= = 2.34

(c) water of density 0.7g/ at 1 eV.

[Sol]
21. The first resonance in the scattering cross-section of the nuclide occurs at 1.24 MeV. The separation
energies of nuclides , , and are 7.00, 7.50, and 8.00 Me V, respectively. Which nucleus and at
what energy above the ground state is the level that gives rise to this resonance?

[Sol]
, ,

. The first resonance in the scattering cross-section of the nuclide occurs at 1.24 MeV

So it should occur the the energy is

8.00MeV + 1.24MeV = 9.24MeV

22. There is a prominent resonance in the total cross-section of at 646.4keV. At what energy, measured
from the ground state, is the energy level in that corresponds to this resonance?[Hint: Use the masses of
neutral and to compute the binding energy of the last neutron in ]

[Sol]

The energy level is 7.646MeV + 646.4 =8.2964MeV

23. The excited states of occur at the following energies (in Me V) measured from the ground state : 0.871,
3.06, 4.55,5.08,5.38,5.70,5.94, etc. At roughly what energies would resonances be expected to appear in the
neutron cross-section of

[Sol]

The first energy above the 4.144MeV is 4.55 MeV s

4.55 – 4.144 =0.406MeV this energy will be appear when the resonances

24. Using Eq. (3.28), compute and plot E’/E as a function of angle from 0 to π for A = 1, 12 and 238.

[Sol] Eq. (3.28)

A= 1, ,

A=12,

A=238,
25. A 2-MeV neutron traveling in water has a head-on collision with an 16O nucleus.

(a) What are the energies of the neutron and nucleus after the collision?

[Sol] ; E=2 MeV, A=16, ζ=π

(b) Would you expect the water molecule involved in the collision to remain intact after the event?

[Sol] By the laws of conservation of momentum, the water molecule was moved towards direction of
initial neutron.

26. A 1-MeV neutron strikes a 12C nucleus initially at rest. If the neutron is elastic scattered through an angle of
90°:

(a) What is the energy of the scattered neutron?

[Sol] ; E=1 MeV, A=12, ζ=π/2

(b) What is the energy of the recoiling nucleus?

[Sol]

(c) At what angle does the recoiling nucleus appear?

[Sol]

Y-axle)
sin

Other solution

X-axle) p
cos

27. Compute and plot the average fractional energy loss in elastic scattering as a function of the mass number of
the target nucleus.
[Sol] Eq. (3.32)

28. Show what the average fractional energy loss in% in elastic scattering for large A is given approximately by

[Sol]

29. A 1.5-Me V neutron in a heavy water reactor collides with an 2H nucleus. Calculate the maximum and
average changes in lethargy in such a collision.

[Sol] Eq. (3.28)

At ζ=π, Lethargy is maximum.
A=2,

Average change,

30. Suppose that a fission neutron, emitted with energy of 2 MeV, shows down to an energy of 1 eV as the result
of successive collisions in a moderator. If, on the average, the neutron gains in lethargy the amount ξ in each
collision, how many collisions are required if the moderator is

(a) Hydrogen,

[Sol]
After the number of n time collisions was occurred,

(b) graphite?

[Sol]
After the number of n time collisions was occurred,
31. The 2,200 meters-per second flux in an ordinary water reactor is 1.5 × 1013 neutrons/cm2-sec. Ate what rate
are the thermal neutrons absorbed by the water?

[Sol]

32. At one point in a reactor, the density of thermal neutrons is 1.5 × 108 neutrons/cm2. If the temperature is
450℃, what is the 2,200 meters-per-second flux?

[Sol]

33. A tiny beryllium target located at the center of a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system is
bombarded by six beams of 0.0253-eV neutrons of intensity 3 × 108 neutrons/cm2-sec, each incident along a
different axis.

(a) What is the 2,200 meters0per-second flux at the target?

[Sol]

(b) How many neutrons are absorbed in the target per cm2-sec?

[Sol]

34. When thermal neutrons interact with 14N, what is the probability that absorption leads to radioactive capture?

[Sol]

35. The control rods for a certain reactor are made of an alloy of cadmium (5 w/o), indium (15 w/o), and silver
(80 w/o). Calculate the rate at which thermal neutrons are absorbed per gram of this material at a temperature of
400°C in a 2,200 meters-per-second flux of 5*1013neutrons/cm2-sec. [Note: Silver is a 1/v absorber.]

[sol] Eq.(3.42)~(3.44)

To calculate the atomic abundance of each elements,

232
36. From the data in Table 3.3, would you expect Th to be fissile? If not, at what neutron energy would you
expect fission to be possible?

[sol] 232Th + 1n = 233Th, the critical energy of 233Th is 5.1Me V, and B.E is 6.5Me V.
K.E = critical energy - B.E = 1.4Me V
∴ Higher than 1.4Me V

37. Two hypothetical nuclei, AZ and A+1Z, of atomic weights M( AZ)=241.0600 and M(A+1Z)=242.0621 have
critical fission energies of 5.5 MeV and 6.5 MeV, respectively. Is the nuclei AZ fissile?

[sol]
38. Fission can be induced when γ-rays are absorbed by a heavy nucleus. What energy γ-rays are necessary to
induce fission in
(a) 235U

[sol] 5.75 Me V

(b)238U

[sol] 5.85Me V

(c)239Pu

[sol] 5.5Me V

39. Cross-sections of 235U at 1 MeV are as follows: σs=4.0b, σi=1.4b, σf=1.2b, σa=1.3b. The cross-sections for
neutron-producing and charged particle reactions are all negligible. Compute at this energy
(a) the total cross-section

[sol] so,

(b) the capture-to-fission ratio α

[sol]

40. The fission cross-product 131I has a half-life of 8.05 days and is produced in fission with a yield of 2.9%-that
is, 0.029 atoms of 131I are produced per fission. Calculate the equilibrium activity of this radionuclide in a
reactor operating at 3,300 MW.

[sol]

41. Fission-product activity measured by at the time t0 following the burst of a nucleus weapon is found to be α0.
Show that the activity at the time t = 7nt0 is given approximately by α= α0/10n. This is known as the 7-10 rule in
civil defense.

[sol] At 83p, fission product activity

42. Suppose that radioactive fallout from a nuclear burst arrives in a locality a hour after detonation. Use the
result of Problem 3.41 to estimate the activity 2 week later.

[sol]
43. The yields of nuclear weapons are measured in kilotons (KT), where 1 KT =2.6*1025 MeV. With this in mind,
(a) How much 235U is fissioned when a 100-KT bomb is expoded?

[sol]

(b) What is the total fission-product activity due to this bomb 1 min, 1 hr, and 1 day after detonation? [Note:
Assume a thermal energy release of 200 MeV per fission.]

[sol]
for 1 min,

for 1 hr,
for 1 day,

44. A research reactor is operated at a power of 250 kilowatts 8 hours a day, 5 days a week, for 2 years. A fuel
element, 1 of 24 in the reactor, is then removed for examination. Compute and plot the activity of the fuel
element as a function of time up to 2 years after removal.

[sol] Fission product activity =

300000

200000
activity(Ci)
100000
α(t)
0
0 200 400 600

Time (day)

45. The spontaneous fission rate of 238U is 1 fission per gram per 100 sec. Show that this is equivalent to a half-
life for fission of 5.5*1015 years.

[sol]

46. Compute and plot the parameter ŋ at 0.0253 eV for uranium enriched in 235U as a function of its enrichment
in weight percent 235U.

[Sol]
 Ni = (x/100) ∙ (ρNi / Mi ) where x = w/o, ρ =19.1 g/cm3
ε = ν(235)• /[ + ]
= ν(235)•N(235)•ζf(235) / N(235)•ζa (235) + N(238)•ζa (238)
ⅹ ⅹ ⅹ
=
ⅹ ⅹ
-3
= 0.6889X/ [0.333X+(100-X)1.305ⅹ10 ]
= 0.6889X/ (0.1305+0.332X) = 2.075(X+0.332-0.332)/(X+0.393)
= 2.075 – 0.6889/(X+0.393)

47. Suppose that 1 kg of 235U undergoes fission by thermal neutron. Compute the masses (or mass equivalents)
in grams for the following, which are produced:
(a) neutrons
(b) β-rays
(c) γ-rays
(d) neutrinos,
(e) kinetic energy
(f) fission products.

[Sol]
A number of fission occurred by 1kg of 235U
1000ⅹ0.6022ⅹ1024/(235.0439) = 2.56ⅹ1024 fissions
(a) neutron
ν(235)=2.418
2.418 ⅹ2.56ⅹ1024 neutrons

(b) β-rays
2.56ⅹ1024 β-rays ⅹ (8 Me V/β-ray) = 2.408ⅹ1025 Me V

(c) γ-rays
2.56ⅹ1024 ⅹ7= 1.792 ⅹ1025 Me V

d) neutrinos
2.56ⅹ1024 ⅹ12 = 3.072 ⅹ1025 Me V

(e) kinetic energy

2.56ⅹ1024ⅹ5 = 1.28 ⅹ1024 Me V

(f) fission products.

 2.56ⅹ1024ⅹ(8+7+12) = 6.912ⅹ1025 Me V

48. The reactor on the nuclear ship Savannah operated at a power of 69 MW

(a) How much 235U was consumed on a 10.000-nautical mile voyage at an average speed of 20 knots?
(b) This is equivalent to how many barrels of 6.5-millon-Btu/barrel bunker-C oil?

[Sol]
a) Consumption rate = 1.05(1+α)∙P (g/day)
=1.05(1+0.169)∙69 α value can be seen from Table 3.4
=84.694 (g/day)

Hours under voyage

t = 10000 nautical mile/20knots = 500Hr = 20.83days
Masses of consumed 235U
= 84.694 ⅹ 20.83 = 1764.46 g

b) Total work = 69MW ⅹ500Hr

= 34500 MW∙Hr ⅹ(1Btu/2.931ⅹ10-7 MW∙Hr)
= 1.777ⅹ1011 Btu
The amounts of consumed bunker-C oil
=1.777ⅹ1011 Btu / (6.5 ⅹ106 Btu/barrel) =1.811 ⅹ104 barrels

49. Consolidated Edison’s Indian Point No 2 reactor is designed to operate at a power of 2.758 MW. Assuming
that all fission occur in 235U, calculate in grams per day the rate at which 235U is
(a) fissioned,
(b) consumed.

[Sol]
a) Fission rate
= 2758 MW ⅹ(106 J/ MW) ⅹ(fission/200 Me V) ⅹ (Me V/1.6ⅹ10-13 J) ⅹ (86400 sec/day)
=7.447ⅹ1024fissions/day
b) Consumption rate
= 7.447ⅹ1024fissions/day ⅹ235 g/mole 0.6022ⅹ1024fissions/mole ⅹ (1+0.169)
= 3397.2 g/day

50. Referring to the preceeding problem, what is the total accumulated activity of the fission products in the
Indian Point No. 2 reactor 1 day after shutdown following 1 year of operation?

[Sol]
α = 1.4 ⅹ106ⅹP [t-0.2 – (t+T)-0.2]
= 1.4 ⅹ106ⅹ2758 ⅹ[1-0.2– (1+365)-0.2]
= 2.675ⅹ109Ci

51. The photoelectric cross-section of lead at 0.6 Me V is approximately 18b. Estimate σ pe at this energy for
Uranium.

[Sol]
ζpe ~Zn
ζpe = const. Zn
From fig. 3.14, the value of n for 0.6 Me V-γ-ray 4.35
18b=const.(82)4.35
 Const. = 18ⅹ(82)-4.35 = 8.515ⅹ10-8C
For Uranium
ζpe = 8.515ⅹ10-8Zn
= 8.515ⅹ10-8(92)4.35
= 29.69b

52. A 2-Me V photon is Compton scattered through an angle of 30°.

(a) What is its energy after scattering?
(b) What is the recoil energy of struck electron?
(c) At what angle does the electron appear?

[Sol]
a) E' = E E e /2(1-COSζ) +E e=(2ⅹ0.511) [2ⅹ(1-COS30°)+0.511]=1.312 Me V

b) Recoil energy = E- E'=2-1.312=0.688 Me V

c) ζ=30°

Psinθ=p'sin30°
sinθ=p'/P ⅹ 1/2

p'= h/ λ' = h/[(1.240ⅹ10-4) E']= 4.1357 10-15eV∙sec/[(1.240ⅹ10-4) 1.312ⅹ106]∙cm

=4.376 ⅹ10-7 Me V∙sec/cm
= (4.376 ⅹ10-7 Me V∙sec/cm) ⅹ [(1.6ⅹ10-6 erg)/Me V] ⅹ[(g∙cm2/sec2)/erg]
= 7.01ⅹ10-17 g∙cm/sec

P= me∙Ee'= √2ⅹ9.10956ⅹ10-28ⅹ0.688ⅹ1.602ⅹ10-6=4.48ⅹ10-17 g∙cm/sec

sinθ= p'/2P=7.01ⅹ10-17/4.48ⅹ10-17=0.780
θ=51.44°

53. Show that eq. (3.62) follows from eq. (3.61).

[Sol]
E' = E E e /2(1-COSζ) +E e
λ = h/p = hc/E , E=hc/ λ
hc/ λ' = (hc/ λ ∙ hc/ λe) /[hc/ λ∙ (1-COSζ)+ hc/ λe)]
hc/ λ'[hc/ λ∙ (1-COSζ)+ hc/ λe)]=( hc)2/λ∙ λe
(1-COSζ) /λ'∙λ + (1/λ'∙ λe) =1/λ ∙ λe)
1/λe∙(1/λ-1/λ') = (1-COSζ) /λ'∙λ
1/λe = 1/( λ'- λ) (1-COSζ)
λ'- λ= λe(1-COSζ)

54. Show that the minimum energy of the scattered photon in Compton scattering is given by